How to breed mushrooms. Growing mushrooms at home: the main features and instructions for beginners. Care for champignon plantation

Fresh mushrooms on the table round year? Why not! Many gardeners have long been growing culture at home and tall natural, crispy and low-calorie products. Even newcomers can cultivate mushrooms at home. Important criteria in this business are high-quality seeds, myceliums and conditions for landing and growing.

Skillful gardeners shared the secrets of mushrooms and told how to achieve a productive result.

Basics of homemade mushrooms

Not all kinds of fungi are suitable for room accommodation, with the exception of winter. Their compact size allows you to breed a culture directly on the windowsill, and unpretentiousness makes this process very simple.

In addition, it is possible to raise the harvest of oyster and champignons at home. But for them, more serious conditions and individual rooms will be required.

The breeding of mushrooms includes:

Suitable room.
Optimal conditions - temperature, humidity and lighting.
Types of mycelium.
Quality seeds and disputes.
Growing and container technology.
Type of culture.

Before breeding, it is necessary to determine the type of plants and the method of cultivation, the choice of premises and the creation of favorable conditions depends on this. Each type of mushrooms requires a certain temperature of air, humidity and maturation time. Therefore, the selection of varieties should be approached very seriously.

Types of "room" mushrooms

Most often in household production uses the most popular types of mushrooms that do not require special trepidation and hassle when growing in a garden area or indoors. It can be wood or soil varieties, namely:

1. Weights - grow well at + 16-20 degrees in a specially equipped room (continuous fruiting) or in natural conditions - in the garden (the period of fruiting is only 1 season). Harvesting occurs in 25-40 days. Suitable for beginners.
2. Champignons - are considered the most cost-type of mushrooms at the initial stage. For cultivation, a substrate with a large supply of nutrients, high-quality mycelium and conditions are created for growth: good ventilation with the maintenance of air temperature +12 degrees and humidity 80%, each day multiple lighting, but on short term. Champignons are approximately 30-40 days.
3. Shiitake - well shown well in deciduous sawdust. PVC bags are filled with large sawdust of deciduous trees, suspended for hooks or installed on pallets. On the surface of the bag make holes through which condensate comes out. Watering - 1 time per day. Growing technology is suitable for oyster and shiitake, only the crop of the latter will have to wait much longer.
4. White mushrooms, like champignons, love the compost humidum with a large nitrogen content and high humidity (at least 90%), air temperature + 8-12 degrees, as "whims" is needed daily illumination with scattered, inadequate light for a short time. Really grow white mushrooms in the garden, but harvesting seasonal.

Champignon

White mushroom

All these treats can be purchased at the store at any time of the year, but homemade and grown with love and trepidation are much tasty.

Methods of growing

Growing methods are divided into several categories and determine the productivity of the crop and its volumes. Some of them are suitable for home production, while others for business.

The extensive method helps to produce a culture for home use: cooking, drying or preservation in medium volumes. In this case, the mushrooms grow in the garden or in the country, in a place suitable for them with high humidity and shadow, harvest is small and seasonal. The advantages of this method are in low-cost and simplicity to maintain moisture and selection of a suitable stump or substrate. Minus - the risk of lack of harvest with bad weather conditions (cold or severe heat).
The intensive method lies in the equipment of special premises for growing industrial purposes or relieving the crop regardless of the year. Minus method - in investment and creating the necessary requirements for the growth of mushrooms.

Optimal conditions and premises for growing

Deciding with the type of mushrooms and the method of their cultivation, it is worth creating a favorable environment for the development of mushrooms. First of all, you need to find a place or room. If the landing is carried out in the garden, you should choose a plot protected from direct sunlight with the necessary humidity and optimal temperature. Detailed information is offered courses for novice mushrooms.

As a premises for growing mushrooms, you can choose a basement, a cellar or another building suitable for the following requirements:

The presence of ventilation.
The ability to maintain a certain temperature of air and humidity (if necessary, install the heater).
Spacious for placing racks with drawers or bags.
Additional lighting.
Zone for processing raw materials and storage of the crop (preferably protected by partition).

For cultivation, you can accommodate a greenhouse, equipping it with a heater.

Necessary materials

In addition to the room, mycelium (mushroom, seeds), substrate and containers for germination are required.

Mycelium is a root system or germinated mushroom seeds that are placed in a nutrient medium for future growth and harvest. Mushroom can be purchased on the Internet, in a nursery or specialized store. She looks like a layer of sawdust infected with mushroom disputes.

Boxes (for champignons) are most often used as a tank (for champignons), plastic bags (for oyster) and logs of trees (for oyster and shiitake). The basement make metal racks, on which the containers or bags with mycelium are distributed. And for the convenience of mushrooms, it is recommended to isolate the work surface area by a partition for processing, cleaning and storing the harvest assembled.

Selection of substrate for landing

Together with the purchase of mycelium, it is necessary to purchase a substrate in which "Mushroom seedlings" will multiply. For each type of mushrooms, a certain habitat is suitable. For example, champignons and white mushrooms grow well in a compost, oysteries - in straw, and Shiitake - in wood sawdust.

The substrate can be purchased ready for polyethylene bags or prepare on their own. As a nutrient mixture for champignons, you will need:

Any manure.
Rye or wheat straw (fresh and roasted in the oven from pests and fungi).
Mineral components (chalk, urea, agriculture, superphosphate, meat-point flour or gypsum).

All ingredients should be fresh, otherwise the harmful microflora will simply destroy the harvest or will develop much stronger than seedlings. The best substrate for oyster is wheat straw or sunflower husk (the most fresh). A good crop will be out of rye or barley strawBut from oatmeal is not very.

Solol or sawdust sterilize to remove pathogenic viruses and diseases. This can be done in conventional kitchen microwave. The crushed straw is placed in the bulk ceramic container and poured with water for impregnation, after which they are sent to the oven for drying.

After processing the substrate in the container (basic, a bowl, a pan, box) lay a heated straw and mycelium, mix, warmed warm at a temperature of +21 degrees and put in dark place for 3 weeks.

For 21 days the born mycelium put in cool place (cellar) for ripening and harvesting. As needed, the mixture is moisturized, but it is worth avoiding the convergence. The first collection will appear after 2.5-3 weeks. The mushroom is considered suitable for cutting when the hat is fully formed and separated from the leg.

Mushrooms on a tree

You can grow mushrooms not only in the nutrient substrate, but also on the trunk of the deciduous tree, cutting the day of the week ago. For this method, a suitable deck (poplar, oak, elm, maple) and birch plugs infected with mycelium are required (such available). On the log poured holes with a depth of 5 cm in a checkerboard order and clog their corks, in which there are already disputes of mushrooms. The distribution occurs throughout the surface of the log, the distance between traffic jams should be at least 10-15 cm.

When carrying out this procedure, it is worth being as accurate and adhere to hygiene: thoroughly wash your hands with soap and disinfection tools (hammer, drill drill). When blocking holes, you need to monitor so that there are no garbage in the plots.

Gradually, from birch blanks, mycelium will spread throughout the log, and mushrooms are formed on cracks. It will take from 9 to 12 months. The prepared log is placed in the basement with optimal conditions and the necessary humidity.

Coffee Human As Ground

With high antifungal actions, the coffee grounds can also be used as a substrate for the extension of the mushroom culture. After thermal processing (welding of the coffee drink), it is ready for use. Only fresh portion of ground grains is suitable. At home, such a number of thickness is unlikely to be collected, but you can solve the problem, asking waste in the nearest coffee shop.

The humus contains a large number of trace elements necessary for the growth of mushrooms: manganese, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, etc. As a tank, a regular package for freezing products is suitable in which holes should be done. Such a soil is good for growing weak, the rest of the cultures is not suitable.

For the extension of mycelium mixed with a thick and placed in a package that is stored 25-30 days in a dark, but warm room. When the substrate believes, they do a pair of holes on the package. Through them are spraying. From there, the first mushrooms will appear.

Growing mushrooms at home is a complex and time-consuming process. Mushrooms are rich in nutrients, vitamins, macro- and microelements, fiber, which is useful for work gastrointestinal tract. Mushrooms grown at home include champignons, chitaki, oyster, lion mane.

Types of technology

Before growing mushrooms, you need to decide on technology. Experts identify several methods for growing mushrooms at home, including the main (traditional) and alternative (non-traditional) technology of breeding eukaryotic organisms.

Before growing mushroom at home with the help of the first technique, it is recommended to decide on its type. N. ovichs are recommended to breed 3 types of plants of the considered kingdom:

Oyster.
Champignon.
Shiitake.

What mushrooms can be grown at home (video)

From the type of group, the choice of the medium on which organisms will be germinated. Oyshemks prefer to grow in straw, champignons - in the compost manure, and chitaki - on deciduous sawdust. Before growing mushrooms, you need to buy a fungne, represented in the form of sawdust with mycelium mushroom (root structure). To grow mushrooms at home, you will need to use the appropriate fungne.

Rhizome from thin threads can be bought in specialized organic stores. Often, gardeners are confused by the mushroom with disputes. The latter are peculiar seeds of mushrooms (not seedlings, as in a fungouncing). To grow mushrooms at home from the dispute, you will need more time and practical skills.

Mini-mushroom for champignons (video)

The next step is to clean the nutrient medium. Before the settlement of mycelium to the nutrient medium (if we are talking about straw or about sawdust), it is recommended to clean it from microorganisms that can harm it or compete with mycelium. To do this, it will be necessary to sterilize it. Then you must lay out the straw or sawdust into heat-resistant container by adding water. The dishes are placed in the microwave or put on the stove. Water should boil. This procedure can kill all microorganisms by protecting the soil for mycelium.

Sterling of soil for mushrooms (video)

Additional work

Before falling down mycelium to the nutrient medium, it is recommendedb (heat stimulates and significantly accelerates the growth of mushrooms). Mycelium must be evenly applied to the soil, stirring it with his hands. The resulting mixture is placed in a predetermined container. The utensils with mycelium put on the electric furnace (the temperature is not higher than 20 0 s). The design is stored in a dark place for 20-23 days. These conditions well stimulate the growth of mycelium and its distribution in the soil.

After the specified period, the tank with the nutrient medium is transferred to the dark and cool room (temperature to 15 0 s). It can be a basement, a barn in the warm season, and in the winter - a wardrobe or a box located in unheated room at home. On top of the medium with a thin layer, it is recommended to lay a bowl of soil, which richly irrigated with water. The main rule - the environment should always be wet and cool. To prevent the loss of moisture, it is recommended to cover the tank with soil with a wet towel.

After 2-3 weeks, small mushrooms should appear.

To speed up the growth of small indoor fungi, it is recommended to contain them in a cool and dark place. The crop is assembled after separating hats from the legs. Experts do not advise to pull the mushrooms with their hands, as they may damage their root system or the growth of small organisms will impair. To harvest, it is recommended to use a sharp knife. Mushrooms are cut at the base of the legs. The harvest can be immediately prepared or stored in the refrigerator up to 10 days. In this case, a paper bag is used.

Non-traditional dilution methods

It is possible to grow mushroom at home with the help of non-traditional or alternative ways:

elevual trees;
coffee grounds;
the use of special devices.

In the first case, birch plugs populated with mycelium mushrooms are driven into the logs of deciduous trees. Such traffic jams can be bought at the Gardening Store. This technology of growing mushrooms is used for Borovikov, Reishi, Lion Griev, chanterelles, pearl mushrooms. Principle of operation: It is first recommended to find a log of deciduous, but not an aromatic tree (oak, maple, poplar). Before boarding, at least 2 weeks should pass, so that all antifungal properties of the tree disappear.

Its length should not exceed 10 cm, and the diameter is no more than 35 cm. With such sizes it will be necessary on average up to 50 birch traffic jams. For their formulation, holes should be made (over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe log) of a depth of 5 cm. To do this, you will need 5x16 drill. The holes are made in increments of 10 cm. The plugs are clogged into holes with a hammer. Then they need to be sealed with bees wax to protect against pests and weather. If the log will be stored in room conditions, in the garage or in the basement, then the plugs are not sealed.

It is pre-spreading the Izcelium's log, and then germinate from cracks of mushrooms. On average, this process lasts 12-14 months. At the same time, weather conditions, humidity and ambient temperature are taken into account.

How to grow a peel on the tree (video)

Coffee Mushroom and Special Sets

Coffee thickness is the perfect nutrient medium for some types of mushrooms (oyster). It has a variety of nutrients and is already ready to population with micelles. This is connected with its sterility. Microorganisms are destroyed in the process of cooking coffee. 0.5 kg of micelles will need 2.5 kg of thickness. As a tank for a nutrient medium, a special bag of geotextiles is used - Grow Bag. Otherwise, a container from milk is used or a box from ice cream with 4 side holes.

The next stage lies in the uniform distribution of the mushrooms in the coffee grounds. The mixture is thoroughly mixed with hands. Then it is laid out in the container, which is recommended to close tightly and put in a dark place (temperature 18-25 0 s). Storage period - 20-25 days.

When growing mushrooms, experts are recommended to water the soil 1-2 times a day. The indicator of the next stage is the soil sponge is the uniform growth of mycelium in the thick. Then the container is transferred to the bright room, but in the shaded place. A hole is cut on the box 5x5 cm. The soil is poured several times a day. At the same time, it is necessary to periodically monitor the soil moisture. First, the fungi will be small, and after 5-7 days, the caps will start separating from the legs. Cleaning harvest is carried out. The coffee grounds falls into the compost either under the bark (for germination of new mushrooms).

For gardeners, special kits for growing mushrooms at home, which consist of a polyethylene package with a sterilized and seeded medium (straw or soil). Principle of operation: the package is pre-open. It is stored in a bright place, but not under the right sunlight. Wednesday is recommended to water several times a day.

Some sets are equipped with plastic tents, which protect the ground from moisture loss. On average, mushrooms begin to grow up for 3-5 days. With the help of such technology, you can grow champignons, lion mane, chitaki, oysteries. Mushrooms begin to germinate for 1-2 weeks. Upon completion of this process, the soil is transplanted into compost (outdoors).

Before choosing one of the above technologies for growing mushrooms at home, it is recommended to consult with specialists.

Gallery: Mushrooms at home (15 photos)

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You can grow edible mushrooms in the apartment - it is much more practical than trips to the forest for their search. At home they grow constantly, regardless of weather, with one type and universal use. Today, grow mushrooms at home on the windowsill or on the balcony is not so difficult, as it seems.

Main methods for breeding mushrooms in the apartment

Mushrooms have learned to successfully grow not only in the country areas, in basements, but also in apartments. You can even grow mushrooms at home even in winter:

on the windowsill;
on the balcony (loggia).

Balconies are well suited on the lower floors that are in the shade of trees or from the northern and west side of the house. Mushrooms grow in boxes, buckets, plastic bags (bags), on chocks (these are short logs), in finished sets. On the windowsill, get harvest is more difficult, but separate craftsmen are grown on the windows of mushrooms instead of flowers.

On the windowsill

IN artificial conditions It is growing up to 25 species, including exotic truffles, but in the apartment it is easy to grow mushrooms only two types - oysteries and a naughty.

If we grow with the cultivation of champignons, or white, then it will not be an apartment, but a household room, fitful exclusively for the production of mushrooms, and not accommodation.

The windows must go outside, better in the Western or Northern direction, since it does not need straight sun rays for cultivation, the windowsill should not be heated in the sun. The windows on the glazed balcony or loggia are not suitable - they are hard to ventilate and reduce the temperature.
Main methods of growing mushrooms on the windowsill:

growing in glass jars;
in the pots: everything is the same, but you can grow and widespread, and oysteries;
in mushroom boxes.

The easiest but not cheap way is to purchase a set for self-cultivation In the form of a mushroom box. Kits are available: Honey, oyster, champignons, white mushrooms, chanterelles.

The box contains a substrate with the already grew mysteries of mushrooms. Buy sets via the Internet. The purchased box is opened, put in a dark place or on the windowsill into a regular cardboard box from under anything that is closed from light.

Care is reduced to regular spraying. The manufacturer promises the appearance of the first mushrooms after 2-3 weeks after opening the box.

On a warmed balcony

On a warmed balcony, an assortment is wider - oyster, hassle, shiitake, champignons, chanterelles and white in self-cultivation sets.
Shiitake and Oyshemes are not varieties, but they grow the same way: in banks, in pots, in plastic bags (bags), on wooden chocks.

Champignons are grown on the balcony in boxes. The advantages of the balcony - tanks put in several tiers, on racks, there is no smell from the substrate for champignons, it is easier to maintain temperature mode.

Grow mushrooms with mushroom sets on the balcony more convenient than the windowsill. Yes, and see the flowers on the window more pleasant than to look at bags with mushrooms. It is desirable that the balcony is located with the northern or west side of the house - mushrooms do not like a lot of the sun.

Features of growing mushrooms on the windowsill

The cultivation technique is based on glass jars on the windowsill or on the balcony one and the same.

Preparing the substrate (soil for rising fungi)

As the soil use any plant residues and mixtures thereof: sawdust, straw, wood chop, bran. On the components of the mixture there should be no rot or mold. The most common substrate is a mixture of sawdust of decisions with straw. Well, if you get add bran, cake from used ground coffee, grain feed, other plant residues.
The mixture is sterilized in glass jars, on a stove in a saucepan with water, boiled in a metal bucket, a large saucepan.
After boiling, the substrate is scattered with a thin layer and dry a little (or press), laid wet to banks before the start of narrowing (to the shoulders).

Landing mushrooms

In banks are grown only by their own ways, since they have enough thin legs that will make it possible to squeeze into the neck. In the store or on the Internet they buy a mushroom, from which mushrooms will grow. A ready for landing mycelium is a grain, on sawdust, in the form of sticks.
Planting material Enclosed in banks, topped with a layer of substrate 2 cm, tied with gauze. Before work, you must wash your hands thoroughly.

Further care

Banks put on the windowsill, wind cloth or put in carton boxes. The mushroom should develop without light access. Gauze on the necks is sprayed daily.

After about two weeks, the substrate in banks is covered with white threads - mycelium. The optimal temperature during this period is +25 ° C. After turning the entire substrate, mycelium and the appearance of mushrooms in the neck in the neck, the temperature on the windowsill is reduced to +15 ° C.
Gauze is removed, wrapped the neck of a 10 -1 cm width of 10 - 15 cm wide, which will serve as a support for the legs. Every day, growing mushrooms and cardboard spray with water.

You can not allow direct sunlight on the windowsill.

When the hats appear from cans, the temperature on the windowsill can be raised to +20 ° C. Gather mushrooms, without waiting for full ripening - disputes in the apartment are not needed, and young people are tastier. The nest is better out of the substrate to unscrew - the bank should not remain legs.
After collecting the neck, again tie marels, the temperature is raised to +25 ° C. Growing cycle is repeated. After 3-4 cycles, the substrate is replaced.

The process of growing in pots is the same, but besides, you can grow oyster. In cardboard boxes, pots are not cleaned - enough to cover with a damp cloth.

For mushrooms on the windowsill grown, it is necessary to envisage the possibility of shading - hang blinds. To change the temperature, you can install the thermostat on the heating battery.

Subtleties of breeding on a balcony or loggia

For growing mushrooms on the balcony make racks or buy ready-made metal. The height of the shelves depends on the height of the packages, pots and cans, taking into account the height of mushrooms.

The back and side walls should be solid to protect against sunlight, the front side should be closed with a curtain of dense tissue type of tarpaulin that does not transmit light, but by air. On the racks mushrooms can be placed in several tiers, it is easier to dialect them from the sun with a curtain.

Growing in polyethylene packages

The whole cultivation process can be divided into 3 stages.

Preparation for landing:

Packages use dense, better dark color to protect the mushrooms from light. Apply strong bags for garbage.
The substrate is prepared as well as for growing on the windowsill (a mixture of sawdust from deciduous trees, straws, plant residues).
It is necessary to carefully disinfection - boiling. There are other ways, but boiling is the easiest. In this case, the method of disinfection of the soil is drinking moisture. Bags if they used, wipe from inside with alcohol.

In bags, a layer of a substrate with a thickness of 5-10 cm is poured, a layer of cereal mycelium or in sawdust with a thickness of 2-3cm is put on top. Gribnitsa oh, oyster and shiitaka is better to purchase in the store or on the Internet. On mycelium, again apply a substrate layer - and so layers to the top.
Before tying a package in it is inserted sliced \u200b\u200bfrom plastic bottle Gorlashko with puffs for watering and ventilation.
Tie a package around the neck, closed the hole of the cotton wool.
In the sidewalls, a bag of 5 cm for germination of mushrooms make a bag of sides. One incision - down to drainage.
Bags set on racks, not forgetting to leave between them between the gap 30 - 50 cm for harvesting.

If transparent packages, after landing, the racks are closed with a dense curtain from light.
Water once a day.
The temperature is maintained at 20 - 25 ° C. It is impossible to make a temperature increase over 30 ° C.
Two weeks later (depending on the size of the bag and the number of soil), mycelium will fill the entire volume of the package, white threads and routines of mushrooms will appear in the locations of the cuts.
The temperature is reduced to 15 ° C, cuts and growing rigs spray with water.
The curtain is partially removed, leaving a slight shading.

Mushrooms are not cut, and unscrew all the socket from the package. Collect the harvest, without waiting for the full opening of the hats in all mushrooms in the nest - they are delicious only when young.

After collecting the process repeat - packets are watered, the temperature is raised to 25 ° C. The first two are three waves of mushrooms the most damned, after 3-4 waves, the substrate is thrown out (it is possible to compost), and the process of growing is started (if liked).

Growing on chocks (short logs)

Step-by-step process:

Several short logs are harvested with a diameter of 10 to 20 cm, a length of 40 to 100 cm. Chocks take only from deciduous trees, with a bark, without branches, without rot. Since the cutting of the tree must pass at least a month.
The prepared material before planting is soaked in water (you can do it in the bathroom), giving anything from above.
Raw chocks dried 1-2 days, then drill in them holes in a chess order at a distance of 10 cm from each other with a diameter of 8 mm and a depth of 40 mm, in size of mushroom sticks (myceliums oh, oyster and shiitake for growing on logs).
In holes clean hands stick sticks, wrap dense cloth From drying out, put in a warm place (+25 ° C) for several months.
After growing in the Missel's log (white threads appear in the holes for mushroom sticks), the logs are knocked up vertically in buckets or bits with Earth on 1/3 part, the winding is removed, the temperature is reduced to + 15-20 ° C. The soil is watered.

The logs with grown mushrooms look much more attractive and decorative packages. "Fruit" chocks from 3 to 7 years.

Growing champignons in boxes

The most important part is the preparation of a nutrient substrate (it's easier to buy it). Prepare for a month in the country, or in the garden.

Konsky or cow manure is mixed with straw in proportion 1: 1 (proportions can be changed), chalk and alabaster are added - about 3% of total weight, Superphosphate and urea. Important: Straw should be fresh, without mold and rot.
Stirring occurs on a concreted or film-covered platform, to prevent other fungi, mold, pests to compost.
There are a mixture into a bunch of at least 1 meter high. From above, the mixture is closed from the rain with a plastic film, stirred, adding water, once a few days. After about 2-3 weeks, a normal homogeneous compost is obtained, suitable for growing champignons. It is possible to determine the readiness in the absence of a sharp smell, by density - a good compost elastic and will not stick to the hands.
Unlock compost on dense boxes, can be plastic, but with mandatory drainage holes. The height of the layer is 25 cm. It is better to use small boxes - the whole planting process can be carried out at the cottage, then bring them on the balcony. The grain mycelium is decomposed on the substrate in the boxes, the compost layer is 3-5 cm. Consumption of grain mycelium - about 500 g per 1 sq.m.
Boxes are covered with a dense cloth (burlap, tarpaulin). Watering is made from sprayer. The temperature is maintained at +24 to + 26 ° C. This is very important condition To germinate mycelium in the substrate.
Two weeks after sowing, the temperature is reduced to +18 ° C. Balcony regularly ventilate.
The first harvest is collected in 2-3 months. Cut mushrooms with a film connecting the hat and leg. If you missed the collection of mushrooms, and dark plates are visible under the hat, then such mushrooms must be collected and throw away. Champignons are not cut, and unscrew from the substrate. After the start of the growth of mushrooms, the fabric is removed, but the boxes are better to keep in the shade. With one square meter Collect up to 10 kg of mushrooms.

Want to be guaranteed to get some fungi houses, regardless of the season, without care for them - get the mushroom boxes. Want mushrooms a lot, ready to deal with their cultivation and are not ready to spend a lot of money on them - use the methods above.

Ecology of consumption. Manor: Squeeze mushrooms. "Who will plan them, it is mushrooms." But you can put them, checked in practice. The fact is that mushrooms multiply in two ways. With the help of a mushroom (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And also - disputes that ripen in a hat.

Squeeze mushrooms. "Who will plan them, it is mushrooms." But you can put them, checked in practice. The fact is that mushrooms multiply in two ways. With the help of a mushroom (here we are powerless, the main thing is not to harm). And also - disputes that ripen in a hat.

Everyone knows the "Witch Rings", when the mushrooms grow like a ring. Explanation here is simple. The hat is round, from the ground not far, the disputes pouring "under him." Next year, fungi grow a small dense ring. And again every dust for itself. And after 10-15 years, the ring reaches a diameter of 1-2 meters. This effect should be used, especially for reproduction of mushrooms in the forest, on cottage plotAlpine slide.

It's just done. As a rule, the mushroom hikes finding an old flabby or a wormful mushroom just leaves him on the ground, and will also turn upside down the hat. " Sense from this even account no. I do so. I take a hat and put it on a spruce branch, or heating on dry. At the same time, two hare is killed.

First, the hat does not rot, but dry, the disputes ripen and dust in a significant area. You look, and several new foci of the fungny tie. Secondly, the mushroom dries. And in winter, in the hunger time for animals, you look, and you will delight what hare, squirrel or bird.

You work - 5 seconds, and the benefit is prey. If each mushroom is at least 20-30 mushrooms "throwing" for a hike, then mushrooms will become more and more, and not less and less. Leave mushrooms to your descendants, do not deprive them of this pleasure.Source - Magazine "Do Self"

Mushrooms on the site

It is difficult to believe, but in the garden plot you can grow up to 30 species of a wide variety of mushrooms. Of course, some of them settle in our gardens on their own, but we just do not notice some of them, others kick their feet, considering them with a loyalty. However, despite the resistant commitment of compatriots to white mushrooms, wears and similar to them, the forests of the forest, their attitude to some of them, growing literally under our feet, edible and tasty, but unfamiliar, will not prevent revise.

So, in Europe, a row of a lilovosene is considered one of the most delicious mushrooms. On our site it grows on potato crests. The intact name of the manure is not detaining the values \u200b\u200bof this mushroom, capable of growing on the lawn, in a shady spot on the disinterested garden land. In the fried form to taste, the white lochmatic leaves behind the most delicious mushrooms behind. At composhes, mushrooms-umbrellas, anniversaries, several types of champignon grow eagerly. One woven umbrella is enough for a whole frying pan. And what to talk about Shiitake - about healing properties This mushroom with the Japanese name lay down legends.

My own practical experience confirms that you can grow in the garden plot forest mushrooms - White, boletus, oil and others.

Very often on garden sites Field or forest mushrooms are appear. Pork thin is often found in beds with cucumbers, if not far grow: birch. We have a fertile substrate with a fertile substrate, a two kinds of edible mushroom places grow by a fertile substrate. Sometimes submarines are in abundance in the gardens. Scrippers, curls and other mushrooms.

In addition to forest and field fungi, in the garden under open sky Successfully growing wood mushrooms -different types Oyster. Summer, autumn and winter, and what is difficult to believe. - Shiitake. On compost beds, you can successfully grow champignons and rings. And now you will get acquainted with the mentioned mushrooms and the methods of their cultivation in the garden.plot.

Macrisian mushrooms

These are mushrooms living in symbiosis with trees, that is, their fruit bodies are formed only after the introduction of mushrooms in the roots of trees and the formation of mycorrhiza, or. In other words, fungaline. That is why many hats mushrooms grow only in the forest. Moreover, a certain mushroom is dedicated to a certain species of wood, as evidenced by the peoples of these mushrooms: a subbrazovik, a boletus, poddubovik, etc. Different mushrooms have different preferences for soil fertility and its acidity.

Tree relationships and mushrooms in general features As follows: the master-owner stimulates the growth of the mushroom only if he lacks mineral wests. obtained from the soil. Then branched fungus gifs begin to supply the mineral salt and water from the top layer of the soil in exchange for carbohydrate food in the form of wood juice with sugar. Therefore, white mushrooms will soon appear under the birch on the poor sandy soil than fertile. The question arises, how to make forest mushrooms grow in the garden?

White mushroom

White mushroom, or Borovik (Boletus Edulis). - Tubular mushroom, without a doubt, the most desirable guest, both in the kitchen and in the garden plot. Its nutritional value and taste is difficult to overestimate. For a person who has grown in Russia, no mushrooms smell so nice like dried white.

Describe an appearance white mushroom It does not make sense, he is not familiar, except that, newborns. But the fact that white mushrooms growing under different trees, differ from each other by appearance, not essential.

For those. What we grow under the birch, the hat is light, the flesh gentle and, according to some mushrooms, the most delicious. White mushrooms growing under fir, darker. And the most beautiful white mushroom, with a red-brown hat grows under the pine. It is believed that each of these varieties of a white mushroom forms mikuriza only with its breed of wood.

White mushroom in terms of dry substance Contains 41% protein, which is more than in any other mushroom, and significantly more than in meat (31%).

White mushrooms prefer sandy soils if they grow under birch; on the fertile soils With a large content of nitrogen, their fruit bodies are formed worse. Although under oaks that are much more demanding to soil fertility, white mushrooms are likely to grow on rich soil.

The birch form of a white mushroom is spread more, as the birch is almost in every forest. White mushroom prefers to grow under enough adult trees - from twenty years and older. If there are no, it is best to bring young birch trees from the forest, but those grew near the adult birch, where white mushrooms were noticed.

In this case, you can hope that the roots of trees already have Mikariza.

Divide white mushrooms in the garden plot is easier if there are adult birch. I have been tested two ways. The first method is simple, but not effective. It lies in the usual folding under the sheet bedding pieces of a mature mushroom within a radius of 1.5 m from the trunks birch. The second method was more productive, it is based on the preparation of a suspension of the dispute allocated from old mushrooms, and their crops.

Preparation of suspension dispute at home

From the hats of large mature (and even overripe) white mushrooms collected in the forest under the birch, it is necessary to separate the tubular layer (hymenoform), where disputes are formed, skip this mass through the meat grinder, shifting into a water container (1-2 kg of mushroom mass at 10 l water) and mix thoroughly. Then add to the mixture of 15 g dry bakery yeast, mix again and leave everything to appease (for convenience, the mixture can be poured over three-liter banks) room temperature for two weeks. Soon on the surface of the liquid, a foam with particles of pulp and small garbage is formed.

In the middle part of the capacity there will be a transparent liquid, and the disputes of several centimeters will be gather at the bottom.

Supplement to suspension spores of bakery yeast is very effective for stimulating their germination. Yeasts are a nutritious substrate, and also contribute to mixing the crushed mass of mushroom pulp and dispute release.

Sunlight, falling on plantation in the morning and in the evening, stimulates the fruction of a white mushroom.

The foam from the surface should be carefully removed by a spoon, it is careful to merge the water, and the sediment with disputes from different containers to combine into one bank and put it to set down to a week. After that, I drain the supernatant, and the remaining suspension with the disputes to pour into plastic lithing bottle and store in the refrigerator.

The finished suspension of the dispute sometimes becomes not very pleasant smell, but remains viable for a year.

It is advisable to use the spawn during the month after cooking, since with long-term storage, the dispute activity falls.

Sowing a dispute and care of mushroom plantation

Before sowing, suspension with disputes need to be dissolved with water in a 1: 100 ratio. It is evenly pouring a liquid under the birch (you can with a pickup can with a pitch) and wait for the harvest. With good care behind the plantation, fruit bodies of a white mushroom may appear for the next year. What is this care?

As you know, all mushrooms love high humidity of soil and air. Therefore, on a dry season of the year, crops need to water and protect against the hot midday sun. In the zone of breeding of white mushrooms, under the trees, it is advisable to plant shrubs or other plants that have a light shadow and protecting a plot from the Sun from the south.

Watering is needed not only during the development of mycelium in the soil, but after the appearance of digral bodies. In the afternoon, when the sun rays are no longer falling on plantation due to the crowns of Lerevyev and shrubs, it is desirable to arrange a mesmer "mushroom rain". That is, watering with a small sprup heated during the day with water.

After a night, the mushroom caps are moisturized by morning dew, then the moisture evaporates, and at that time the mushroom grows, since with the evaporation of moisture they come from mycelium nutrients. Then watering and boring the hatching hats also stimulates the growth of the fruit body.

Put into soil mineral fertilizer It can have a negative impact on the development of mushrooms, so it should not be used on the mushroom plantation.

Grying a white mushroom on garden sites with different conditions

In 2006, the argument of white mushrooms collected in the forest and the technology prepared according to the above described above were "soda", two different sections: one in the suburbs, the other in the Tver region. On the near Moscow region, a rarely growing birch of different ages were attended by a four-weaving area, young birchans grew in the second plot. Earlier on both garden sites, white mushrooms have not met. On the plot in the Tver region in the previous years found twists, raw materials and stabber. In addition to different ages, birches in different areas, the differences in conditions were as follows: in 2007, which is considered non-dry summer, it was regularly irrigible in the suburban area, while there was no irrigation on the site in the Tver region. Probably, these reasons have led to different results, namely: on the first plot, my works were rewarded with 20 white mushrooms for three fruction waves in August, on the second - white mushrooms did not appear.

White mushrooms and boomes are in competitive relationships, so their disputes are better to search on different, isolated areas from each other with birch.

Obviously, the presence of old birch and regular watering has a beneficial effect on the growth of white mushrooms. One of possible causes The lack of mushrooms in the second plot, in my opinion, is the presence of the Mushrooms of the boletus, which is in competition with a white mushroom and overwhelming the development of his mycelium.

Boosynoviki and subbrazoviki

Both of these tubular fungus are widespread in our forests, including in the Moscow region. They are. Undoubtedly popular with compatriots and very tasty.

The boletus (leccinum) is represented by two species. In the Commonwealth with Osin, the support of L. Aurantiacum is growing - a beautiful mushroom with a red hat and a foot covered with red scales.

Unfortunately, the aspen is a rare tree of wood in the garden plot.

Another type of boletus - L. vulpinum - occurs under the pines. He has a darker hat and black scales on the leg. Gardeners, especially in last years, Pine and other conifers on their sites are eagerly planted.

Supports are better growing on poor sandy soils than on the rich.

The fruit bodies of both species have a bright taste and a strong pleasant smell of other mushrooms. Supports are little affected by insect larvae and are well stored. This is the perfect mushroom for hot. On pieces of mushroom, which partially retain the shape when frying, a delicious crust is formed. Roasted boosts have a slightly acidic taste. Mahra (tubular layer), as a rule, is also suitable in the soup, and in roast. The broth turns out dark, but thin slices of the boletus hat with Mahra become the decoration of the mushroom soup.

MMNOGY Gourmets put a boost to taste in fried and boiled form in the first place.

Podbestos have an indisputable advantage over white mushrooms and booms: the likelihood of their appearance on the garden area is much higher.

Podberezovik, or Obabok Ordinary (Lec-Cinuni Scabrum). The taste is closest to the white mushroom. IN young age He has a dense pulp and a beautiful velvety hat, in the elderly underbesting Mahra becomes loose. This mushroom is largely inferior to a white mushroom and a consistency bolet. Its less dense fruit body contains more water and is poorly stored. The legs of the boletus are quickly becoming hard and fibrous. To giveraterate the larger attractiveness in dishes, they remove the Mahru and pre-blanch them to remove some of the excess water.

With proper care, its crops are more frequent and high than a white mushroom. With regular moisture of the Earth, they can appear under the birch themselves. In the garden plot, where the growth of mushrooms is under constant supervision, the boletus do not have time to worry, they can be collected in a timely manner, although these mushrooms are very affected by the larvae of insects and quickly deteriorate.

Sowing a dispute and care of mushroom plantation in the garden plot

The joint suspension of boosts and boomes prepared the same way as in the case of a white mushroom. Disputes of boosts when defending in banks setdled in the form of a dark layer. Disputes of stabberovakov basically remained in the mixture with the pulp, fading badly, so I had to use the argument with the flesh.

Sowing Podberezovikov and Boosynovikov conducted in August 2006 in the garden plot in the Moscow region throughout its territory, except for two acres allocated for a white mushroom.

In a dry time, the soil regularly moistened as on plantations with white mushrooms. The mushroom plot was stitched from direct sunlight during the daytime, thanks to planting plants, but had lighting the morning and evening sun. With the appearance of fruit bodies, watering was daily.

Vintage mushrooms

Living spores, we hoped that the boomines would fit on the roots of the pines, and the boletins were on the roots of Berez. In 2006, one boletus grew up on this site, and in 2007 they were not. Podberevikov gave a big yield. The sake of fairness must be said that the boletins came across this garden plot and in 2006 to our sowing. But in the non-Christian 2007, they have grown several times more than in the wet mushroom 2006.

However, we do not lose hope for good "yields" of boominovikov in the future: the confidence of the appearance of even a single mushroom.

Chanterelles and dry freight

Chanterelles and freight are also mycorrhis mushrooms. These mushrooms are superformed. Where the disputes ripen, in the form of plates, so they are called lamellar. The chanterelle is in symbiosis with coniferous rocks of trees, although it is also found in deciduous forests, and dry grounds forms mikuriza with birch. Both fungus prefer lime soil. Cantharellus Cibarius (Cantharellus Cibarius) grows stable from June to frost, constantly and everywhere even in a dry year.

In Europe, and in Russia, many prefer chanterelles to other mushrooms. That is, your reasons. They are bright yellow, so they are easy to find. They come across often groups, so you can dial them quite a lot. Even those who are not particularly dealt with mushrooms know that chanterelles are not poisonous. Chanterelles often appear spontaneously in garden areas in the presence of coniferous trees.

As for the taste of chanterelles, their taste and smell, though mushroom, but weak. They are good in frying, as little is horror, but it is better to cook them together with other, more fragrant mushrooms.published

Hello! My name is Ira and we have a hobby with my husband, which has grown into a very pleasant business. We grow champignons and oysteries at home. And if my husband is engaged in sales and material side, then on me - the mushrooms themselves. How to open the mushroom clearing at home, I will tell in more detail.

The easiest option is ordinary oysteries, known for their unpretentiousness. Easy to care and champignons.

However, some experienced people grow at home even rings, firmulines or shiitake, but we have not yet grown. A. panstone Even white mushrooms or oils are quite successful. But let's start with weeds and champignons.

What conditions do they need

First of all, mushrooms need wet air (90-95%). The room temperature depends on the mushroom development period. So, in the incubation period, it must be up to 20 degrees above zero, and during fruiting - from 10 to 15. For the same to sprocket the mycelium, humidity should be about 85%, and the temperature of 23-24 degrees is higher than zero.

If you can create such conditions on the windowsill, then try. But it is better to equip a basement or balcony under mushrooms. You can reduce the temperature in the room by sending a fan to mushrooms. Air conditioning is also suitable or even a small refrigeration unit.

Important! On one meter, the square can be placed from 3 to 5 mushroom blocks.

In addition, if you grow mushrooms in the basement or cellar, it needs serious disinfection. For this you can:

All ceilings in the room for mushrooms are bothering with the help of lime and copper sipop;
It is possible to clean the formal solution (4%);
To combat insects (fruit flies, for example), can be treated with a chlorofos;
Also, place in front of the input container with sawdust, which are impregnated with the disinfection tool.

Well, do not forget after all the specified procedures to ventilate the room. Otherwise, you, and mushrooms, here will be uncomfortable.

Where to take mycelium

Some crosses grow mycelium on their own and sell it very expensive, but the process is not easy. In addition, for this you need high quality mushroom seeds.

It is also necessary to comply with the cultivation of complete sterility and ensure that no microflora gets into it. And you still need to learn how to prepare for mycelium a nutritional basis from agar and potatoes. It is also prepared in sterile conditions ...

It is much easier to buy a good sowing material. Look for a manufacturer who works in this market for many years. You can bring about it a certificate for those who are engaged in the mushrooms at home for a long time. Feel free to ask for documents that will confirm the quality of the sowing material.

Inspect the mycelium: it should be pleasant, there is a white color, and the splashes of black or mold here should be absent.

Before using mycelium, be sure to treat it for the purpose of disinfection by steam. It is also suitable and just hot water.

Cooking the substrate

To prepare the substrate, we will need only straw from wheat, barley, millet or rye. We put it into a large saucepan, fill with water and turn on gas. Through the fire and wait for all the water to come. As a result, you should stay warm and wet straw.

Now mix the substrate with mycelium. You can also put them in layers in polyethylene bags. Supplementing the bags to the top, we make small holes in their lower parts. Through them will be extended fluid.

You can also take care of the lighting: the oysters sprout well and without light.

Three days, we make slots in the bags: it is through them who's sneaks will gem. We will try to miss mushrooms through three bags.

Now you need to transfer them to a place with high humidity and low temperatures. In addition, now weighing need light. They are fruit by approximately the week and after 13-14 days. So three times. When you collected oysteries last time, you can throw out bags. Now you can put new ones.

We grow champignons

But the substrate for champignons is preparing somewhat different. This compost, the basis of which is the horse manure. His humidity should be 45%, it should also be straw in it. In addition, you can take separately manure and separately straw.

You can add superphosphate, ammonium saltper and urea to manure with straw, as well as gypsum (first option), or alabaster, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate, urea and chalk (suitable if the straw and manure you purchased separately). Manure can be replaced with cow or even bird.

Prepare better in a separate room. To begin with 24 hours soaked a straw. Now lay down the manure and straw in 7 or layers, wetting them with water.

After a few days, add superphosphate with urea and mix well. Another day after 4, mix and add other components again.

The latter is adding gypsum. Compost is preparing for 4 weeks. About readiness is evidenced by the disappearance of ammonia aroma and light brown color. During the fermentation period, the substrate has a temperature of 70 degrees, but for growing mushrooms you need a temperature of 25 degrees.

When growing champignons, the humidity should be about 90 degrees. Do not forget to spray the substrate with water constantly. Vintage can be collected monthly after 3-4.

How to collect a crop

If you grown champignons, they cannot be cut. Just carefully unscrew every mushroom with your hands. Weighs are cut with a sharp knife. It is important not to damage their mushrooms.