For many flower growers, possess a plant that not only makes his eyes, but also fruits is the idea of \u200b\u200bFix. One of these fruiting plants that has become a great popularity recently - kumquat, this is a citrus plant that can be grown at home.
Did you know? Translated from Chinese Kumkvat is the Golden Apple.
Description Kumkvat, as he appeared in our area
So, Kumkvat, what is it? This is an evergreen tree from the Citrus family. Kumkvat gained considerable popularity among gardeners. Motherland Kumkvat is considered China.
In the twentieth century it was brought to the American and European continents, now it grows in almost all countries, and call him - japanese orange. In conditions wildlife Kumkvat grows in South and Southeast China.
Homemade Kumkvat shrub is very miniature and compact, with a well-developed crown in the shape of a ball (due to dense brute) and small leaves. Flowers Kumkvat with pink and white flowers with a pleasant resistant smell that give abundant fruiting.
The maximum plant height is 1.5 m, the leaves up to 5 cm long, they have saturated green, Flowers are small, have a strong citrus smell. The main value of Kumkvat is fruit. They are small, do not exceed 5 cm, have an oval shape, orange and very bright color.
Outwardly, Kumkvat looks like a small orange, and in taste resembles Mandarin with the difference only, - in Kumkvat edible peel. The skin is very sweet, but the pulp is slightly acidic. Kumkvat is made with a leather entirely, so an acid pulp and sweet peel mixed and give a pleasant, balanced taste.
How to choose a place to land Kumkvat (Kincan)
In order for Kumkvat well and gave a big harvest, he needs to choose the right place. Let's figure it out how to care for kumkvat at home?
What should be the temperature and lighting
In the summer, it will be quite scattered for Kumquat sunlight. If the weather is not very hot, then the straight sun rays are also suitable. It is also recommended to be taken to the balcony, in the garden or to the garden so that the tree is saturated with outdoor freshness.
In winter, the plant needs a lot of light, so it is better to put it on a well-lit side concern. If it is possible, Kumkvat can additionally illuminate with lamps.
The air temperature has an important role in the development of the plant. In summer for good height Kumkvatu requires a temperature of 25-30 ° C, and in winter it will quite be enough about 18 ° C.
Air humidity and cultivation of Kumkvat
Kumkvat is a plant that prefers cultivation at home with high humidity. If the air is too dry, it will quickly reset the leaves. Often this happens after the start heating seasonWhen the air temperature rises in the apartments.
To prevent such troubles, it is necessary to spray the plant from the sprayer as often as possible. If there is a possibility and desire, then you can arrange kumkvat once a week "Bath Day" and wash it in the shower.
Important! If the winter kumkvat is in the room with a reduced temperature, then you need to exclude the shower and less often spray the plant. Due to high humidity and low temperatures, fungal diseases may appear.
How to prepare the ground for landing
Asking the question: "How to grow kumkvat at home?" You must first of all interested in the composition of the soil for the growth of this plant.
The first thing you need to know about the soil for Kumkvat is, it should consist of equal parts of the garden land and river sand. Before mixing, the sand is well calcined in the oven.
Then the processed and mixed soil is poured into a pot of no more than 8 cm in diameter, but high. Pre-at the bottom of the pot fall asleep drainage in the form of coarse sand or clay.
Rules landing kumquat
So, how to put a plant correctly to grow a beautiful and strong kumkvat at home? It is necessary to plant it in Sand from sand and soil, for better nutrition The roots can be added a bit of humus.
The pot with a plant is better to put on a sunny window sill, where it will "swim" in the sun's rays, grow and fix. Next to Kumkvat is to put a water container to increase air humidity. You can place Kumkvat among other plants, then they will feed each other moisture.
Couples for kumkvat how to grow citrus tree
Kumkvat is a very demanding plant, which needs special conditions for growth. So that he is well grew, he needs to create a relaxing microclimate.
Watering plants
Kumkvatu needs a moderate watering in autumn and spring Time, in the winter, watering needs to be reduced. But in the summer to water Kumkvat need as often as possible.
It will be better if you take the rule to water Kumkvat in the morning. Water should be no lower room temperature, after all if you are Poland Plant cold water, all his leaves will just fall.
To prevent stagnation of water in the soil on the bottom, the pot is laid drainage. In the very soil, you can also add drainage in the form of small pebbles.
Important! In the summer I need to wipe at least 3 times a week. Check the soil dryness to determine the irrigation frequency.
Feeding and making fertilizers
How often the Kumkvat must be fed, and how many kumkvat will need fertilizers depend on many factors. The composition of the soil, the age of the tree and its condition is taken into account, as well as the size of the pot in which Kumkvat is growing.
In the period from March to September, plants that are fruitless, feeding is needed at least 3 times a month, it is possible to feed the time in the rest of the month and a half. Fertilizers should consist of 2.5 g of ammonium nitrate, 1.5 g of potassium salt or potassium chloride, 1.5 g of superphosphate and liter of water.
How to form a krona "Golden Orange"
To Kumkvat had a presentable look and fastest began to be fruit, you need to form it the crown. First of all, it is important to form the right trunk.
Already a stubborn trunk is cut at an altitude of 20 centimeters. It is necessary to leave well-developed kidneys, there must be a minimum of 4. Later, skeletal shoots are formed from these kidneys, which will be the foundation of the tree.
These shoots are called "first-order shoots", they should turn out 3-4, they are necessary for different sides of the trunk. Each next order of shoots make shorter on 5 centimeters. The latter will be 4 order of branches.
If you do everything right, then your kumkvat will begin to be froning much faster and his appearance will delight you.
Transplantation Plants
Kumkvat need to transplant before the growth of shoots, it usually happens in the middle of spring. However, Kumkvat, growing at home, need to transplant no more than 2-3 years.
Cumquate Change is in the overturning of the earth coma and rhizomes without damaging them. Drainage is completely replaced with a new one.
Possible cracks between the walls of the new pot and the earthen room are filled with fresh soil. After that you need to put a tree into warm dark place and well moisturize.
While Kumkvat will stand there, its crown must be constantly sprayed with warm water.
The reproduction of Kumkvat
Like all citrus fruits, Kumkvat can be multiplied with the help of: seeds, cuttings, grain and vaccinations. Let's consider in more detail each of the types of reproduction.
To get a full-fledged Kumkvat from the seed, they need to be put in a mixture of river sand and ordinary garden land. The first shoots you can watch a month and a half.
Seedlings spare with 4 leaves. When the plant is strengthened, it can be prepared for transplant. 2 weeks before the planned transplant cut the rod roots of the plant. 
Important! During the cutting of the roots, the plant can not be removed from the ground.
If you do not cut roots, they will twist, and not give rise to length. To trim the roots, a sharp knife at an angle of 45 ° at a distance of 10 cm from the plant, swipe. "Cropped" seedlings gently get out of pots and sear.
Plants grown from seeds do not preserve the characteristics of their variety. For example, they start fruit after 10 years, and even more.
Highlighting Kumkvat
it main way breeding during homemade. Kumkvat can be drawn throughout the year, but the best results are obtained in April.
Having processed the cuttings before planting a special growth stimulant, you will speed up the correct root formation, which contributes to the appearance of more cuttings and better development of the root system.
For cutting cuttings, shoots, which were prepared from the fruit-sized plants in the fall. Flexible and not worried shoots cut on 8 cm cuttings with several kidneys. Bottom cuts so that they do not start rotes, sprinkle wood coal.
Drainage is placed on the bottom of the pot, which is covered with moss, the soils are poured on top. In the pot on 5 cuttings of Kumkvat on a 2-centimeter depth. All this is covered with a glass jar and put under scattered sunlight.
After 2-3 weeks, the cuttings are formed. The rooted plants can be searched in separate pots.
Reproduction with chains
For breeding with a fruitful kumquat in the spring, the annual escape or branch is chosen. Above 10 cm on the branch make two ring-shaped outbreaks and remove the ring of the crust.
Next you need to crop all the leaves that are above and below the end. Plastic bottle is cut along the center. On each half at the bottom cut 2 semicircles in the center, the thickness must correspond to the thickness of the branch.
The bottle must be tied to the branch so that the cortex is right in the center of the tank. 2 halves of the bottle must be copper and fill and soil, periodically need to moisturize.
After 2 months, Kumkvat below the bottom of the bottle should be trimmed, carefully disconnect the halves of the bottle and transplant the resulting plant with an earthen room in a separate pot. Put a pot here where Kumkvat grows in your home.
Vaccusion Plants
To multiply Kumkvat by vaccinations, you need to have seedlings of the plant, which have already reached a thickness of 1 cm at the base. Even recommended the vaccination of the shoots of Kumquat on the grapefruit dive or trial poncirus. Frequently practiced by vaccinating the shield of terrible or a simple eyepiece of the eyes of the cultural variety.
helped
Citrus has always been successful with indoor flower growers. IN last years The range of such plants has expanded. Among the new products - Kumkvat. Growing at home so far so far an unfounded citrus is often accompanied by questions. But they have clear answers that allow you to bristle to contain a plant in an apartment or winter garden.
KUMQUAT
The man who saw Kumquat first will take him for an unusual grade of mandarin or a dwarf orange. And even tempted gardeners, faced with a plant on which there is no fruit, can take it for Mandarin. The reason is obvious - these plants are close relatives belonging to one family.
Kumkvat cultivate as a food, decorative and essential oil plant in many countries. Although the birthplace of the plant Southeast Asia, currently the area of \u200b\u200bit is significantly wider. In addition to China, Japan, India, Vietnam Kumkvat is grown in the Middle East, in the south of Europe and North America.
Photo www.hortus.ru: The fruits of Kumquat ripe in the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University "Pharmaceutical Garden"
Systematics and names
One of the most common names of the plant and its fruit "Kumkvat" is directly connected with the tangerine. These are overpriced by the Spaniards two Chinese words "Kam Kuat", which are translated as "Golden Mandarin".
The Japanese name "Kincan" meets less often, almost not used by Europeans.
Another synonymous name is "Fortunell". It comes from the scientific Latin Fortunella and is mainly used in Western Europe.
Kumkvat belongs to the separation department of the coated (flowering) plants, the dochetic class, the rut family, like all citrus representatives.
The first scientific description of Kumquat belongs to the Portuguese missionary and the scientist Juan di Laurair, who gave names to many plants South-East Asia.
Himself scientific name Fortunell Plant is obliged to American nerd Walter Suingel, who specialized in learning citrus plants.
Currently, scientists allocate six types of Kumkvat
. A few varieties of this plant are also common, one of them with motley leaves.
At home, most often we grow "oval kumkvat" - Fortunella Margarita.
(Fortunellla Margarita) with elongated oval fruits, he nagi Kumkvat.
"Round Kumkvat" Fortunella Japonica.
(Fortunella Japanese, or Marumi Kumkvat) with round fruits in indoor culture is less common.
Fortunella Hindsii.
(Hong Kong Kumquat, or Kumkvat Golden Bob) refers to slow-growing citrus. Even an adult plant does not grow above meters. This mini-kumkvat is often used to create bonsai.
View Fortunelala Obovata.
(Fukushi Kumkvat) is common in potted culture in China and Japan. Dwarf plant Toler K. room lightingIt has the fruit of the backwaters.
Fortunella Polyandra.
(Malay Kumkvat) is used in decorative purposes. In pot culture grows to a meter, although in the natural medium it is height can reach 5 m.
Relatively large round or oval fruits, devoid of bones, at the kind Fortunella Crasifolia.
(Maiva Kumkvat). It is the sweetest kumkvat cultivated as fruit plant. Educated as a result of natural hybridization in Japan.
The breeders created a set of kumquat hybrids with other plants from the citrus group, for example:
kalamondin
- Mandarin + Fortunell Margarita (externally similar to Kumkvat, and fruits, like miniature tangerines with a thin crust);
Lymkvat - Lime + Kumkvat;
Citrumkvat - Trifoliat + Kumkvat;
Orange-choke - Mandarin grade (Unshu) + Kumkvat (with bright orange fruits of pear-shaped);
Limonkvat - Lemon + Kumkvat.
Cumquat cultivation in closed soil
At home, in the closed soil, Kumkvat is grown mainly as a decorative plant. Kumkvat is appreciated not only for bright fruits, which look impurious against the background of brilliant dark green foliage. During the flowering period, the tree is fully sleeping with snow-white flowers, which, moreover, possess a pleasant aroma.
Greenhouses and winter gardens
Grow fortunella in greenhouses, greenhouses and winter Gardens It is much easier than in the conditions of the apartment. This is associated with several factors:
Transparent ceilings and walls of the winter garden or greenhouses allow the plant to obtain much more sunlight that for Kumkvat, the birthplace of which tropics is very important;
In greenhouses and greenhouses, as a rule, high humidity is maintained;
In greenhouses and greenhouses there are various lamps, to extend light day in autumn and winter periods;
In winter gardens and oranges, Kumkvat will not grow alone, but in a group with other plants, it will help preserve the necessary humidity of the air in the case of its lack of its lack (for example, in summer);
In the autumn-winter period, most greenhouses and greenhouses reduce the temperature - the period of relative rest is needed for plants of tropics and subtropics, including Kumkvat;
In the event of a disease of the plant or damage to its pests in the greenhouse, we can process highly active chemicals, which cannot be done in the apartment.
Photo www.hortus.ru: in the summer Kumkvat from the greenhouse move to the garden "pharmaceutical garden" ▲
Growing in the apartment
Kumkvat can be attributed to plants with the average difficulty of care. With due attention he will please beautiful flowers and bright fruits. If at home the necessary conditions Not observed, then Kumkvat will not launch floral buds, reset the leaves or stop growing. But this does not mean that the plant will perish. Even completely devoid of leaves, the treet can be returned to beauty.
After falling out fruits, Kumkvat can be cut. This will make it possible to form a crown and stimulate the development of sleeping kidney.
In the summer, Kumkvat can be taken to a balcony or terrace, but plants need to be placed in a place protected from drafts.
Temperature
Kumkvat refers to seasonal plants that need a period of rest for normal development. Therefore, the optimal summer temperatures for Kumquat 24-30 degrees, in the winter - 14 - 17 degrees. Then, subject to sufficient illumination, the ripening of fruits will come in winter. Wintering at +10 degrees and bright location contributes to the spring-summer ripening of fruits.
Lighting 
Kumkvat needs good lighting, with a lack of sunlight leaves, it becomes pale green, shoots thin and elongated. Flower buds are not laid, respectively, the plant does not bloom and does not be fruit. In the summer, Kumkvat must be covered from daytime direct sunlight. During this period, the optimal will be bright diffused light. Moody and evening straight rays are allowed. Otherwise, the plant gets burns on the leaves.
The winter sun Kumkvat is not afraid, on the contrary, needs it. Starting from the middle of the autumn and before the beginning of the spring, the plant needs to highlight the lamp, extending the light day.
Photo: Fortunela blossom
Substrate
Like other representatives of the citrus subfamily, Kumkvat loves light substrates rich in organic components. To make a soil water and breathable in it add perlite or river sand. The main components use a turf land or peat, humid or compost, leafy ground in a 1: 1: 1 ratio. The amount of pearlity depends on the age of the plant: a small coupper need it more (part of the sand will be 1). An adult large plant is enough 0.5 parts of sand (perlite).
Humidity and watering
Kumkvat loves moderate watering in spring and autumn, and weak watering in winter time, with a decrease in temperature.
In the hot summer period, the plant should be watered stronger, once every 2-3 days, as the soil drying. You need to water Kumkvat in the first half of the day water room temperature.
To avoid stagnation of water in the ground, the pots are laid on the bottom of the drainage - clamzit, shards, small stones.
Fortunella prefers to grow with high humidity. If the air is too dry, then the tree will relieve the leaves. This usually occurs when the apartment includes heating. To avoid this, you need to regularly spray the plant, and once a week you can arrange a coupper souls in the bathroom. This will serve as prevention against development. custom tick
which multiplies at high temperature and dry air.
If in the winter period Kumkvat is contained under reduced temperature, then it is necessary to spray it carefully, and the shower is excluded. Increased humidity and severe watering with a decrease in temperature can lead to fungal infections.
To preserve air humidity near the plant, it is possible to put a container with water, or arrange a coumquat in a group with other plants.
Photo: Cumquer cultivation at home. Summer content
Fertilizers
It is necessary to fertilize Kumkvat only during its growth and development, in the winter period the plant is not fed. If a liquid leaf feeder is used for fertilizer, then when it is splashing, it is necessary to ensure that its drops do not fall on the flowers.
If the fertilizer is entered into the ground, the substrate must be wet.
It is best to use two types of fertilizers: organic and complex inorganic (containing potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen).
Fertilizers need 1-2 times a week in the summer, and 1-2 times a month in spring and autumn.
Pictures ▲: Flexible branches of kumquat with fruits supports the grid, and the blinds protect the plant from the straight sun.
Photo: Kumkvat cultivation in strabr form at home
Rarely what flower water will refuse to grow real Fruit tree At home. For this perfectly suitable Kincan - Exciotic fruit plant. In addition to the ability to treat flowers with delicious fruits, it can boast spectacular foliage, endurance and charming blossom.
Kincan, Kumkvat or Fortunell?
Attractive tree kincan, Kumkvat or Fortunella (Fortunella) is a representative of the rut family. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the plant was part of the Citrus genus, but in 1915 it was allocated in the genus Fortunella.
He has only 6 types of Kincan. China's homeland is considered China. Translated from Chinese Kumkvat means "Golden Apple". In the 19th century, the plant was brought to Europe Botany R. Forchny, in honor of which he received one of his names.
Kincan It has all the advantages of the indoor fruit tree. His thick crown is covered with bright green leathery leaves. White with a light pink tint of flowers exude a pleasant aroma. And small bright orange fruits with sizes with delicious and helpful.
They are very juicy, fragrant, with edible sweet peel and sweet with sour pullery. Inside Palek Fetal can be detected up to 5 seeds.
IN room conditions Drug reaches no more than 1.5 meters in height. The period of active growth comes in April or early May. The growth rate is about 10 cm. Kincan begins to bloom in August or September. Fruits ripen in February-March. Flowers in plants are two-way capable of self-pollution. In summer You can put a fruit tree in the garden or on the balcony for pollination by insects.
At home the most common is the following Types of Kincan.:
Maruma, kumquat or Kincan JapaneseFortunella Japonica is an evergreen tree up to 1.5 meters high with triangled shoots having small spines. Leaves up to 5 cm long, rounded fruits up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Differs in high yield.
Nagi Kumkvat or kincan Oval, Fortunella Margarita - a low-spirited tree with a height of up to 1 meter with shoots without barns. Foliage small, about 4 cm long. Sour-sweet fruits of oval or oblong shape with a small amount of seeds.
Fukushi Kumkvat, Fortunella Obovata - a tree with a lush crown and larger leaves than other kumquats. Fruits have a rounded shape, thin peel and sour orange flesh.
Kincan is very demanding on the conditions of content and needs to create a special microclimate. To get a healthy fruiting tree, the flower is to work hard.
Select Place and Lighting
Kincan It feels well on any window, except Northern. He needs sunlight, but with light shading. In the summer, it is desirable to make a tree on the veranda, a balcony or garden. In winter, Kincan is best placed on the southern window already without shading. In short winter days it will take artificial illumination.
Optimal temperature For kincan in the summer - from +25 to 30 ° C, in winter - from +15 to 18 ° C. In the period when the tree is gaining buds, blooms and tie fruits, temperature and air and soil should be from +15 to 18 ° C. Kinkan poorly tolerates temperature drops, so you need to ensure that the air temperature in the room and on the windowsill does not differ very much.
In summer It is important to protect the plant from overheating root system. To do this, you can put a vase with a chip into a container with wet sand, moss, peat or sawdust. Also from the active sun helps to cover the pot in insulating material. Placing a tree in the garden, it is recommended to shop pot into the soil. In addition, the land in the vase is desirable to mulch peat, grass or manure.
Watering and humidity
Water kincan It is necessary moderately, not allowing both convergence and soil drying. The village in a small range is watering after dried up the top layer of the soil.
A major copy in a large container is watering after the earth will dry at least 5 cm deep into the depth.
Water must be soft, settled and room temperature. In rigid water, it is possible to add oxalic acid (a quarter of a teaspoon on 8 liters of water), under the action of which the excess salts of calcium and magnesium will fall on the bottom. You can use water in a day.
Kumquat It needs high humidity, especially during the heating season, otherwise it will begin to reset the leaves and can be attacked by pests. Regular spraying of foliage, wiping it with a wet sponge and installation near the plant with water waters will help to moisten the air.
Also, there will always be to help automatic humidifier.
Transfer
The soil For kincan, fertile and breathable. You can use the finished soil for citrus, or make an earthy mixture yourself from the following components:
- 1 part of fertile garden land;
- 2 pieces of turf land;
- 1 part of sheet humus or overwhelmed manure;
- 1 part of vermiculite or large sand.
Young kincans It should be transplanted as it grows when the size of the vase begins to give way to the size of the crown of the crown. Adults fruiting trees are transplanted every two or three years.
Transfer It is held in February-March method of transshipment. At the same time, it is important not to damage the earth to the roots. The top layer of the soil is necessarily replaced.
For the plant is important drainage In the form of gravel, crumples or shards laid by convex sides up. Next, the large sand is poured in a layer to 4 cm, and then the soil layer. The transplanted plant should be placed for two weeks in a warm place, from time to time spraying the crown.
Important moment - Kincan does not like when he is bothering turns around the axis. After the transplant, you need to put the plant with the same side to the light. In order not to confuse, you can make it in advance.
To form a beautiful uniform crown, the village gradually turn around the axis (about 10 degrees every 10 days).
Podkord
The smaller the size of the pot from a large plant, the more often it needs fertilizers. In the period from March and in September, it is necessary to feed the village with a liquid mineral complex (without chlorine!) Two, or even three times a month. The rest of the year is quite a monthly feeding. It is best to alternate mineral feeding with organic. For kumkvata Corovka solution is useful in a ratio of 1:10 or wood ash.
Reproduction
Fortunella reproduction is carried out by seeds or cuttings.
Seeds. In this case, varieties are lost, and the tree be froning begins aged from 8 to 10 years. Seeds are sown in a mixture of sand and garden land. For 40 days, the first searches are expected. After the appearance of 4 or 5 leaves, seedlings are dive. 10 days before that, seedlings directly in the land, the secant is cut into the main root for the future branching of the root system.
Cherenca. This is the most common and reliable way. From the fruitless tree at any time of the year, but better in April, cuttings of up to 8 cm long cut from autumn shoots. Each cutlets should have two or three kidneys. It is desirable that the lower cut is 0.5 cm below the kidney, and the upper slice is 1 cm above the kidney.
One third Cushion lengths are freed from leaves. Slices are sprinkled with crowded charcoal and treated with growth stimulant.
For showing Drainage is laid into the container, then a small layer of moss-sfagnum, then pour the nutrient earth mixture and covers it with a layer of river sand about 4 cm thick. 2 cm cuttings are deepened in the soil and build a "greenhouse" over them.
Conditions of rooting - scattered sunlight, temperature from 20 to 25 ° C, regular watering slightly warm water. After about 20 days, the roots appear and the kidneys wake up. The rooted young kincans are transplanted into permanent pots. Fruit the tree begins on the 2nd or 3rd year.
Digging from fruit tree. In the spring, on a one-year shoot, about 25 cm long in the middle is removed around the circumference of the bark of 1 cm width. The result is a bare ring. Leaves around the rings are removed. Next are cut along plastic bottle, Cutting a suitable hole on the bottom of the escape diameter.
Middle Escapes are placed inside the bottle, connecting it to half with wire or scotch. They fall asleep in the bottle of peat-sandy mixture, watching that for the whole time it always remained wet. As a result, new roots are formed on the shoot. After two months, the escape is cut, removed from the bottle, then transplanted into a new container.
Vaccine. At the same time, the method of grapefruit, lemon or kumquate, a thickness of about 0.8 cm, can serve that the seedlings of a thickness of about 0.8 cm. Most often, the eyepiece of the eye behind the bark is practiced.
Grafs They are carried out during the intensity and growth of shoots on the stock and cable. After the eyes come together, the above-ground parts of the kincan seedlings are cut to vaccination and begin to form a crown from the growing escape.
Pests and diseases
Enemies Kumkvat - and. To combat them, the treatment of the plant "phytodeterm" is recommended. In order to prevention It is necessary to maintain a permanent humidity. Can spray the plant with sprays based on vegetable oils, liquid soap or herbal extracts.
From the convergence of soils in the village can be labeled horses. The diseased plant can be tried to cure, removing the affected roots, sprinkled with coal sections and transplanting it in fresh soil.
Frequent problems
Ultipical diseases arise in violation of the rules of care.
- Yellow and fall leaves - sharp temperature differences, watering cold water.
- Drops dumps foliage - Dry air.
Beneficial features
The aromatic fruits of Kumquat contain essential oils, vitamins and trace elements. Fruits are actively used in cooking and folk medicine. Possessing bactericidal properties of kincan fruits help in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract and fungal infections.
Undoubtedly kumquat - This is a plant for those who are ready to work a lot and take care of him. In order for the tree to be healthy and beautiful and gave fragrant fruits, you need to give him a lot of love. But it is worth it - a rare plant called kincan There will be many years to delight you.
And for the most curious, we suggest familiarizing with the video about Kincan
Kincan, or as it is also called Kumkvat (Fortunella Swing.), Refers to the Fortunella genus, in which 4 types are isolated.
For us, as a rule, Fortunella Margarita will be captured (Lour.), Synonym Citrus Margarita Lour.
Motherland Plants - Southeast China (Guangzhou), but in a wild form it does not occur here, it is known only in culture.
This beautiful village with fresh sour-sweet fire-orange or orange fruits was described by the Ancient China Authors, in the European Literature Information about Kincan appeared only in 1646 in the famous book Ferrari "Geversis." True, the plant has not yet received great fame in Europe.
The first botanical description of Kincan in 1912 gave Algerian Botanist Traby.
This is a dwarf branched evergreen tree with small (3-4.5 cm long and 2-2.5 cm wide), egg-shaped or oval fruits of golden yellow, orange or flame-orange color. The roast of fruits smooth, fragrant, sweetish-spicy. The pulp of juicy, with an acidic taste. The fruit is usually 4-7 poles, 2-5 seeds. Ripens in January-February.
Thanks to a pleasant taste combination of peel and pulp (fruits eaten with the skinny!), Kincan is often used to prepare a zuchats, jams and jams.
Fortunella highlight kincan Japanese Round (F. Japonica Thunb.), Which, as follows from the name, is cultivated in Japan, but it comes from Southeast China. In the wild, it is also unknown. Kincan Japanese - a small church with round, small (2.5-3.0 cm in diameter), bright orange fruits. The flesh is acidic, sweet skin, edible. In the fruit, usually 4-7 poles. The view is winter-hardy, so it wins well, for example, in Sochi, where winter is sometimes quite cold.
Known kincan multi-minded (F. Polyandra Ridl.) Getting from the Malay Peninsula. Kincan Hong Kongsky (F. Hindsi Champ.) - The only one of the described types of Kincan is found in the wild. Numerous warranty plants They meet on the hills and in the mountainous area near Guangzhou (PRC), as well as in the mountains of Jusun (Siangan).
There are natural and obtained artificially intermedical and interspecific hybrids with Fortunella. it calamondin - Mandarin Hybrid with Kumkvat (it originated spontaneously in China), lymkvat (Lime and Kumkvat), orangeekvat. (Mandarin and Kumkvat), citrumkvat (trifoliat, synonymous threeth lemon and japanese kumkvat), citranzhkvat. (trifoliat, orange and kumkvat), cytrangdin (Kumkvat and Mandarin hybrid with trifoliat hybrid and orange), etc.
The appearance and taste of hybrids fruit differ.
Growing kincan at home
The optimal temperature for the growth and development of Kincan is 23 ° C.
In winter gardens and oranges, warm, light rooms Kincans grow and bloom round yearAt the same time, they have 3-5 growth waves.
Prerequisite for cultivation of them - additional lighting in autumn-winter period Within 4-12 hours per day (depending on the location of plants relative to the light source).
From the middle of May (after return freezers) until late September, a sunny place is ideal for Kincan open soil Freshly air.
Kincan usually blooms after 1.5-2 months. After the rustling of young shoots. They are covered with fragrant, fleshy, white-pink flowers sitting in the sinuses of the leaves.
Plants bloom abundantly if optimal: light (at least 7,000 sunsid luxury and 10,000-13,000 lux for LDS), the duration of the day (at least 10 hours per day) food and temperature (23-26 ° C).
If the plants contain at a lower temperature, the formation of flowers is significantly tightened and flowering flows sluggishly either at all. Under such conditions, most of the flower kidneys are not developing and is noted mainly the growth of new (next increase) of vegetative escapes.
If the plants are in closed rooms and the air temperature rises to 28-30 ° C, they can reset the lower foliage and the fractures.
As a soil can be used citrus substrate (It is sold in flower shops), adding 5-10% of river crying sand and a small amount of wood ash.
Kinkan is extremely sensitive to stagnation. Watering is limited. To ensure moisture a plant is needed in such a volume so that the roots do not swam. The humidity of the root coma should be uniform.
Plants need B. abundant subordinate . In the period of growth, it is carried out weekly fertilizers for indoor plants, Biohumus solutions, etc., with a slowdown of growth, the feeder gradually stop.
If the plants grow in autumn and winter in bright, warm rooms, they are recommended to translate twice a year. Adult specimens can grow without transshipment for several years . But in a pot or kadke, it is necessary to replace the top layer of the soil with a rich clay mixture.
During the transplant, it is desirable to cut branches both on young and old plants in order to give them the required form, as well as remove the most subtle of too thick growing branches.
Based on Tamara Semenhenko, Alla Mazurenko
© Magazine "Ogorodnik"
Kumkvat (from Kit. golden Orange) - yellow-orange tropical fruit of the family of citrus evergreen plants. This fetus has other names - Kincan and Fortunell. Externally, Kumkvat looks like a very small oval orange. In length, it reaches a maximum of 5 cm, and in width - 4 cm. In use, fruit goes completely along with the skin. The taste of the fetus is very close to the acidic tangerine, but at the same time the peel has a sweet-tart taste. Motherland Kumquat is south part China.
The first literary mentions of Kumkvat dates back to 12 V. in China. In Europe, Robert Thoutuan, who brought them to the English nerd to Europe, which brought them to the annual London Guddral Exhibition in 1846. Initially, fruits were attributed to the kind of citrus sitrus, but in 1915 they were allocated to a separate Pattern - Fortunell.
Cumquat plantations grown for export are located in Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Greece and the southern territories of the United States. There are several types of Kumquat: Hong Kong, Malay, Maruma, Maiva, Nagi and Fukushi.
Choice and storage of Kukvat
When buying a kumquat should pay attention to its appearance. Kindle must have a rich orange color, be brilliant, smooth and without visible mechanical damage, dark spots and cracks. Also, the fruit must be moderately soft. Excessive softness may indicate fetal surfth, and hardness - about immaturity.
Kumkvat should be stored in the fridge in the fruit and vegetable department for three weeks. But before this, the fruits should be thoroughly rinsed from pollution and dry so that there are no moisture drops on the surface. If whole fruits or recycled in a puree put in freezing Camera At temperatures from -15 to -19 ° C, the beneficial substances can be saved to six months.
Use in cooking
Kumkvat is widely used in cooking. In most cases, it is consumed in raw form and use to decorate dishes: salads, sandwiches, buffet snacks, cocktails, mulled wine and as a snack to strong alcoholic beverages. In thermally processed dishes, Kumkvat is used for the preparation of sour-sweet sauces to vegetables and meat, for meat or fish baked in the oven, as well as for the preparation of desserts: Cucuts, confortive, juice, cottage cheese-yogurt casseroles, etc.
Calorie Kumkvata
The product is characterized by rather not high calorieness, as in 100 g of this fruit contains 71 kcal, but it is not recommended to abuse them, as it can provoke obesity due to the increased content of carbohydrates, especially in the dried form. In 100 g of such a kumquat - 284 kcal.
Food value in 100 grams:
Useful properties of Kumkvat
Composition and availability of useful substances
Kumkvat contains a sufficiently diverse set of vitamins (,, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6), minerals (calcium, potassium, iron, copper, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, zinc), fatty acids and essential oils. The large concentration of vitamin C in the fruits of Kumkvat makes it indispensable to increase immunity and the common organism resistance to viruses and bacteria.
Useful and therapeutic properties
Due to the content of fiber, pectin and natural enzymes, fruits are used to normalize the operation of the gastrointestinal tract, the prevention of gastritis and ulcers. Favorable kumkvat acts on nervous system. People who use this fruit are less susceptible to depression, irritability, nervousness, chronic stress. It helps to increase emotional sensitivity, get rid of apathy, give strength for active activities, not passive existence.
In Eastern medicine, dried kumquat peel is used to treat cold illness, flu, cold and cough. To do this, conduct inhalation with brewed crusts 2-3 times a day. This method of using kumquat allows essential oils Freely stand out and maximize the mucous membrane.
Dietary product
Kumkvat is among the dietary products that promote the splitting and removal of poor cholesterol, the purification of the body from toxins, radionuclides and heavy metals. Cleansing vessels from fat plaques, which occurs in the process of systematic use of kumquat, is an excellent prevention of stroke, heart attack and atherosclerosis.
Hazardous properties of Kumkvat
It is also not desirable during pregnancy and lactation, as it is able to cause allergies in a child.
You can see how the kumquat is grown in the greenhouses. Small bushes are completely fastened with bright orange fruits. They are very similar to Clementines and tangerines, which are also presented on video.