In the atlas to Pleshakov's textbooks, almost all animal world from small insects to large mammals. The child will learn to identify animals by pictures, remember their names, learn to divide animals into groups, that is, classify them. The atlas will be an excellent assistant in preparing lessons on the subject of the world around us in grades 1-4 of primary school, especially under the Perspective and School of Russia program, which are based on Pleshakov's textbooks, where he often refers to the search for material in the atlas-determinant "From Earth to Heaven ", in the workbooks there are also assignments for the atlas-determinant.
All classifications are very conditional, but by them it is easy to find the desired animal and find out its name. Pictures of animals for the creation of the atlas were taken from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia and reference books on zoology.
Atlas-guide "From earth to sky". Animals
When it comes to animals, first of all, everyone remembers four-legged and woolly mammals. But they are not the only ones belonging to the animal kingdom. In addition to mammals, it includes a huge variety of other organisms: fish, birds, insects, arachnids, molluscs, starfish, all kinds of worms and millipedes. Man also belongs to the animal kingdom, but is traditionally considered separately.
Unlike plants, most animals are able to independently move where they need to, and therefore it is much more difficult to identify them from the atlas. If you scare it, it will run away, hide. Therefore, you need to focus all your attention on it, consider and remember the color, sizes, so that you can then find it using the atlas-determinant.
Invertebrates
Invertebrates are animals without a backbone: snails, worms, insects, spiders, crustaceans, and millipedes. They are usually not too large. The exceptions are some crabs, tropical centipedes and spiders, which can reach quite large sizes.
Molluscs and worms
Molluscs live in seas, fresh water bodies and on land. Snails are gastropods with one shell at the top. Gastropods means that the abdomen of the mollusk is its only leg, with the help of which the animal moves. And there are also bivalve molluscs, which have two shells and they are tightly adjacent to each other, the mollusk is thus completely protected inside the shells from all sides. And worms and leeches have no shells, only a long, soft body.
Arachnids
These are spiders, ticks and scorpions. They all have 8 legs, and the body is covered with a dense chitinous membrane.
Crustaceans and centipedes
Crustaceans include crayfish, crabs, cyclops, daphnia, woodlice and the like.
Insects
Insects are also invertebrates. Unlike spiders, they have 6 legs, not 8. Insects include beetles, butterflies, dragonflies, bugs and cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies, bees, grasshoppers.
Beetles
Beetles are insects in which the front wings have become rigid elytra. Hence their scientific name "coleoptera". Before takeoff, the beetle first raises these wing flaps, and only then flaps its wings.
Large beetles: rhinoceros beetle, stag beetle, marble beetle, scarab beetle, oak barbel, large goldfish, edged water beetle, large water lover.
The largest beetle living on Earth today is lumberjack titanium living in South America... The length of its body (without antennae) can reach 16 cm. Adult beetles have extremely sharp "jaws" - mandibles, which can break even a pencil. Sensing danger, they begin to hiss and try to injure the enemy with their mandibles.
Not too big beetles: Chafer, bronze, beautiful odorous, gray long-wattled woodcutter, dung beetle, steppe medly, ground beetle.
Small beetles: ladybug, black nutcracker, iris, flour beetle, leaf beetle, bark beetle, motley beetle, weevil, Colorado potato beetle, red predator, soft beetle, large firefly, whirligig.
Butterflies
Russian name"Butterfly" comes from the Old Slavonic word "babъka", which meant the concept of "old woman" or "grandmother". In the beliefs of the ancient Slavs, it was believed that these were the souls of the dead, so people treated them with respect. The most remarkable thing about butterflies is their large wings. The pattern of the butterfly's wings varies from species to species and captivates with its beauty. The appearance and coloring of the butterfly's wings serve not only for beauty, but also act as a protective camouflage that allows you to blend in with the environment.
Daytime butterflies are active during the day and sleep at night.
Moths and moths are active at dusk. Moths differ from butterflies in a plump and fluffier body. At night, as a rule, moths are active, not butterflies.
Agrippin scoop or, as it is otherwise called, Tizania Agrippina is the largest butterfly in the world, with a wingspan of usually 30 cm. The butterfly is nocturnal.
Caterpillars
A caterpillar is the larva of a butterfly, moth, or moth. Caterpillar food is very diverse - from plants to honey and wax.
Dragonflies
Dragonflies are relatively large insects, with a mobile head, large eyes, short antennae, an elongated slender abdomen and four transparent wings with a dense network of veins. Dragonflies are predators that feed on insects caught on the fly.
Grasshoppers and related insects
If you have an insect in front of you that jumps quite well, and also knows how to chirp, it is most likely a grasshopper or a related insect. Very often, grasshoppers have an appearance and color similar to appearance and the color of leaves or other parts of plants on which they live.
Bedbugs
A feature of most bedbugs is odor glands. The secretions of these glands have a characteristic odor that is unpleasant for humans, which scares off enemies.
Bees, wasps, bumblebees and ants
These insects build houses for themselves and live in them in large families. They have 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings.
Mosquitoes and flies
Mosquitoes are most common in humid climates and remain active during the warmer seasons. They have a thin body, 3 pairs of long thin legs and 1 pair of wings. Flies also have only 2 thin wings and 3 pairs of legs, but the legs are shorter than mosquitoes, large eyes and a plump body.
Common mosquito (squeak)- a type of mosquito that is found everywhere, overpowering humans and animals with its intrusiveness. Adult squeaky mosquitoes are 3-8 mm in size. Only females drink blood, and males feed on nectar. Therefore, females have a long sting on a small head.
Insects living in houses
Unusual insects
Fishes
Fish are vertebrates with gills, fins, and scales. They live in water: in the seas, oceans, rivers and lakes.
Aquarium fish
In aquariums, we usually breed small and beautiful tropical fish from the warm seas that live near coral reefs.
Amphibians
Amphibians, or amphibians, are cold-blooded animals adapted to life both in the aquatic environment and on land. Most of them first breathe with gills, and then, in adulthood, switch to pulmonary respiration. Amphibians include frogs and toads, salamanders, newts and worms.
Reptile
Reptiles are vertebrates that move mainly by crawling, dragging their belly along the ground. Another name for these animals is reptiles. These include snakes, turtles, crocodiles, lizards. Their skin is dry, the outside is covered with scales, shields, and maybe a shell. Reptiles breathe with lungs. All reptiles are cold-blooded, they depend on temperature environment... They have a spine. A well-formed skeleton and musculature provide excellent mobility.
Common viper- poisonous snake. Lives in forests, humid lowlands, along river banks, near swamps and lakes. They know how to swim. The length of the snake can reach almost 1 meter, but more often snakes are not more than 60-70 cm. They feed on mice, lizards, frogs and small birds. Vipers come in a variety of colors from black to gray or brown with a dark diamond pattern on the back. Seeing a viper in nature, you need to stop and slowly begin to move back, facing the snake. If you scare a viper with screams or touch it, it will attack and bite. A snake bite is a medical emergency.
Already ordinary not dangerous to humans. He can live in the same places as the viper, but more often found along the banks of water bodies. Sizes, like that of a viper, up to 1 meter in length. They differ in the shape of the head: in the snake it is oval, in the viper - like a triangle with rounded edges. Already black, but on the sides of the head there are 2 yellow-orange specks, which make it possible to distinguish this snake from other snakes. It swims well under water and on its surface. Snakes feed mainly on frogs.
Birds
Birds are vertebrates covered with feathers. All birds have wings, but not all birds can fly. The birds lay eggs from which the chicks hatch.
Some bird species do not fly far from their habitat, while others are migratory birds - in spring and fly to long distances... They hibernate in warm countries, and in the summer they fly to the north, where there is more food and there is an opportunity to feed the chicks.
Do not fly away from us: sparrows, tits, bullfinches, jay, nuthatch, jackdaw, pigeon, crow, magpie, woodpecker.
Migratory birds: swallow, swift, wagtail, starling, lark, redstart, rook, cuckoo, sandpiper, thrush, crane, swan, duck, heron, wild geese.
Birds of our reservoirs
Predator birds
Birds of a living corner
Mammals
Mammals feed children with milk, hence the scientific name.
Rodents
Rodents are the largest order of mammals, which include mice, rats, hamsters, squirrels, porcupines, beavers and many other animals. They have a similar body and teeth structure. The teeth are adapted to the processing of solid plant foods, but some of them feed on small animals as well. Rodents are small, less often medium-sized animals. The largest representative is the capybara, or capybara, which lives in South America. The body length of a capybara reaches one and a half meters, and its weight is 60 kg. The smallest animal is a tiny mouse. Its length is less than 5 cm.
Ungulates
Ungulates are combined into one group based on the presence of hooves. And some of them also have horns.
Beasts of prey
Everyone knows such predatory animals as the wolf and the fox, but there are also predators in our forests. These are ferret, marten, weasel, ermine and otter. Their food is other animals.
Different beasts
There are many different outlandish animals, for example, fruit bats. They are not birds, but they fly well. Their forelimbs are very similar to featherless wings. Other animals have their own interesting features, for example, the ability to live underground or change color depending on the season. And some even have thorns instead of wool, like a hedgehog and a porcupine.
Dogs
We will not bypass pets either. Man not only tamed them, but also brought them out different breeds... For example - dogs. Strong, large, hardy dogs are service dogs. They help the police and the military in their service. Hunters are adapted to hunting game, accompany the owner on the hunt. Decorative dog breeds decorate a house or apartment.
Beasts of the living corner
Little pets are decorative hamsters, white mice and guinea pigs. The smallest hamster in the world is Roborovsky's hamster. Its dimensions do not exceed 6 cm.
On this page is the part of the Atlas-Identifier devoted to animals.
This section of the atlas presents wild-growing herbaceous plants in open areas. Open spaces are any areas where there are not many trees. This is a meadow, a pasture, and a vacant lot, and a roadside, and a village courtyard. Here, herbaceous plants are the main green inhabitants, and it is here that they are especially diverse.
Flowers on it are very helpful in identifying plants. Therefore, in the atlas, we have collected on some pages plants with white flowers, on others, for example, with yellow, with blue or purple, with pink or red. Plants that do not have large and bright flowers are placed separately. Such plants have flowers, but they are small, inconspicuous and not particularly striking.
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This plant identification atlas is practically unique. Firstly, it is for children, and secondly, it contains only the most famous and popular plants that a child encounters in life. The question invariably arises, what is the name of this herb or this flower and, often, parents cannot answer the child's question. Now the student himself can find the answer. Plants in the atlas are conveniently located in terms of growth, and if the plant of interest grows in our home, most likely it should be looked for in the "indoor plants" section and so on. An atlas-guide is also required for the preparation of homework on the outside world for grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 for students in the Perspective and School of Russia programs, where Pleshakov's textbooks are used.
Atlas-guide of indoor plants
Indoor plants are plants designed to decorate our living space, they are beautiful and remain so all year round... In fact, these are plants from tropical countries, where it is warm all year round and the plant does not need to "fall asleep" or wither in the fall. True, in nature they grow much larger in size. Such herbs and flowers settled in our pots on the windows. Some of them have beautiful leaves, and some delight us with their bright flowers.
Plants with beautiful leaves
Aloe, asparagus, aspidistra, aucuba, begonia, dracaena, tradescantia (zebrina), Kalanchoe, saxifrage, coleus, ivy, sansevier ( pike tail), a coffee tree, lemon, spurge, monstera, palm hamerops, scindapsus, sedum, fat woman, ficus, date palm, chlorophytum, cyperus, cissus (indoor grapes).
More than 300 species of aloe are known, most of them grow in wildlife- in Africa, South America, Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula. The height of individual representatives of the species reaches 15 meters. In the wild, aloe blooms. The bush releases a long arrow from a rosette of its fleshy leaves, at the end of which a spike-shaped flower with tubular petals blooms.
Numerous representatives of the genus asparagus are perennial grasses, shrubs and vines. Their stems are thin and flexible, leaf-like shoots, resembling needles, perform the function of leaves. From a distance it seems that the twigs are fluffy and resemble feathers. Asparagus flowers are light, small, red berries are formed after flowering. Asparagus is an unpretentious plant.
The birthplace of this evergreen plant is East Asia... Aspidistra is shady-loving. The name is translated into Russian as "snake index". In the shaded cool places where it grows in nature, snakes often live, and the gray curved rhizome of aspidistra also resembles a snake. The popular name of the plant is "friendly family".
Its evergreen shrubs with reddish-brown flowers and leathery leaves that are neatly gathered in a bun are native to China, the Himalayas, Korea and Japan. Due to its indescribable beauty, ease of breeding and care, the plant spreads very quickly and widely in the culture of Russia. The aucuba has the original color of the leaves, which are covered with yellow spots, as if sprinkled with gold. For this reason, the aucuba received the popular name of the golden tree. For reproduction you need 2 plants - male and female.
Begonia. In the 17th century, during an expedition to the island of Haiti, the French monk Plushier discovered and described an unfamiliar plant, which he named after the governor of the island and florist-collector Michel Begon Begonia. The colorful and vibrant leaves of this plant are so varied that it is sometimes difficult to determine that it is a begonia. There are many varieties of begonias with different leaf colors. However, these plants are characterized by a creeping rhizome, spreading along the surface or located shallow underground, and small, pale pink flowers.
is a beautiful evergreen shrub native to Africa. It also grows in the Canary Islands, where there are even legends associated with it: for example, one of them says that the Dragon tree (this is the second name of dracaena) grew from a drop of blood from a fantastic animal - a dragon. Indeed, the plant has a reddish sap. It looks like a palm tree with a bare trunk that forms after drying. lower leaves... The plant is quite unpretentious.
came to us from distant America. The renowned botanist John Tradescant deduced this wonderful plant along with his son, John Jr. This plant was named in their honor. Tradescantia is the most popular and easy to maintain indoor plant. The main decoration of the plant is its amazing leaves.
They grow on straight, long shoots with numerous branches that form a lush bush. The color of the leaves can be green, silvery, with a purple tint. The flowers are small, of different shades. Certain varieties of Tradescantia have original striped leaves, such plants are called zebrina.
initially became a resident of window sills not for beauty, but for beneficial features... It was used by the natives as a healer and a savior from thirst in a sultry climate, hence its second name - the tree of life. The leaves of almost all species of this plant are thick and fleshy, and the stems are both creeping and erect. It is unpretentious in leaving. On the leaves of the Kalanchoe, a small new plant with a stem and roots is formed, which fall to the ground and grow into new plants.
In its natural environment, it can be found in China and Japan. In nature, saxifrage grows on rocky embankments, in crevices of rocks and among low-lying meadows. The plant is interesting in that it produces long tendrils with a shoot of a new plant at the end, the shoot takes root and a new plant grows from it away from the mother.
Coleus (nettle)... In nature, there are about 60 species of this plant. Coleus is blooming, but its flowers are so inconspicuous that they do not carry any decorative interest, although they smell very pleasant. But its leaves have a very spectacular bright and variegated color. The leaves are similar in shape to a nettle leaf, but they are not as prickly. Coleus is unpretentious, although thermophilic and photophilous. In winter, with a sharp drop in temperature, it can shed leaves. Propagated by seeds and cuttings.
Ivy (hedera)... Climbing evergreen plant, reaching a length of thirty meters in nature. There are about fifteen species of ivy that grow in the subtropics of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, mainly in shady humid forests. Ivy has been known to mankind since time immemorial: among the ancient Greeks, it was an emblem of fun and love, poets wore ivy wreaths at celebrations and feasts. Evergreen ivy was also popular as medicinal plant... The stems of the plant are long, creeping, with antennae. Ornamental ivy has more than 100 varieties that vary in size, leaf shape and color. At home, ivy does not bloom, but in nature it has small yellow flowers.
Sansevier (pike tail) takes its pedigree roots where there are scarce and stony soils of Sri Lanka, Central Africa, Asia, India and Madagascar. The plant has been known since the 18th century, it received its name in honor of the Neapolitan prince Sanseviero, who made a great contribution to the development of the science of botany. This is one of the toughest indoor plants... Sansevier has ground creeping shoots and shallow roots, so they can be planted in flat dishes. Sanseviers differ in the color of the leaves, their length and the shape of the rosette. Its color is influenced by sunlight the more it is, the more pronounced the stripes on the leaves. In nature, the sansevier blooms, the flowers are small, white, collected in a panicle.
From left to right: 1-coffee tree, 2-lemon, 3-spurge, 4-monstera, 5-hamerops palm, 6-scindapsus, 7-stonecrop, 8-fat woman, 9-ficus, 10-date palm, 11-chlorophytum, 12-ciperus, 13-cissus (indoor grape).
Indoor flowers
Abutilon, balsam, upstart, geranium (pelargonium), hippeastrum, gloxinia, hydrangea, calla, calceolaria, Chinese rose, clivia, bells, amazonian lily, passionflower, saintpaulia, fuchsia, cyclamen, cacti (zygocactus, prickly pear).
In the wild, it can be found in Asia and Africa. The flower is completely unpretentious, blooms almost constantly. Among the people, he received many other names, such as: light, ever-flowering, touchy, Vanka-wet. Its fleshy leaves with wavy edges are colored green-reddish, green or bronze. When the humidity rises, drops of liquid can form on the tips of the leaves, which is why the people call this plant Vanka-wet. Balsam has flowers in the axils of the leaves. The color of the flowers is varied. So, you can find varieties with pink, red, white, orange, purple flowers, and they can also have spots or stripes.
Geranium or Pelargonium has long and firmly occupied many window sills as an unpretentious and beautiful plant. Scientific name pelargonium - translated from Greek means "stork" or "crane". The plant got this unusual name because of the fruits, which are as long as a bird's beak. There are more than 400 types of geraniums in the world, which can be found almost all over the world. Large geranium flowers have 5 well-spaced small flowers. They can be double and smooth, among the shades there are white, red, purple and blue geraniums. The smell of geranium is sharp and recognizable.
Hippeastrum. In translation, the name of the flower sounds like "Cavalry Star". The homeland of this plant is tropical Africa and America. Breeders have created more than 2000 of the most different varieties hyperastrum, differing in the size of the flowers and the color of the petals. Hippeastrum has a large fleshy bulb and broadly linear leaves, reaching a length of 50-70 cm. Flowers on a long straight stem are collected in an umbrella of 2-3 pieces, the flowers are large and brightly colored: from white to dark red shades. Hippeastrum is a light-loving plant.
In the wild, calla is found in South Africa and most often grows near water bodies or in swampy areas. Often the root and some of the shoots are in the water. Calla leaflets are heart-shaped and are located on very long petioles and are quite large in size. Their color is either green or variegated, while the spots are cream or white tint... Erect shoots, one flower at the top. The inflorescence has the shape of an ear, as if wrapped in a blanket, the length of which is about 15 centimeters. It can be yellow, pink, white, cream, purple. Calla is very fond of warmth and moisture.
- This is the most common genus of Cactus plants. This family has about 300 species. Opuntia considers South America its homeland, but recently it has taken root well on the warm southern coast of the Crimean peninsula. This cactus has fleshy shoots and thorns all over its surface. The cactus blooms with large flowers of pink or yellow shades. After the plant has bloomed, a fruit appears - a berry, poured, having a pleasant sweet taste. They are also called "Indian fig" - which can be eaten.
Abutilon (indoor maple) has a length of up to 2 m. It blooms from spring to autumn. Flowers are numerous, hanging down.
Amazonian lily (eucharis) originally from South America. The name eucharis means "pleasant, adorable". This plant has large white, fragrant flowers.
Gloxinia (sinningia) also brought from South America. The plant has large flowers and velvety leaves.
Calceolaria grows up to half a meter in height. Its flowers are shoe-like and appear in spring. The name is translated as "like a shoe". The homeland of the plant is South America.
Saintpaulia (uzambara violet) originally from Africa, from the Uzambar mountains. It blooms with numerous flowers almost all year round. And its leaves are fleshy, covered with hairs.
Fuchsia notable for flowers that hang down like catkins. The homeland of fuchsia is South America. This plant blooms all summer.
Keys to aquarium plants
1-vallisneria, 2-kabomba, 3-cryptocoryne, 4-hornwort, 5-pistia, 6-richchia, 7-rotala, 8-shitnyags, 9-elodea.
Plants live not only on land but also in water. In our aquariums, they not only serve as decoration, but also release oxygen, which is needed for the breathing of fish, serve as their shelter, as well as food for some fish. Algae differ in structure from other plants. Their body is not dissected into a root, stem and leaves, but is represented by a thallus.
Elodea (hornwort)- the most popular plant in the aquarium. It is unpretentious and grows well. Floats in the water column. Distributed in many bodies of water.
Lives in nature in warm water bodies. She has long thalli, twisted into a spiral and coming out of the ground.
It has long thalli, cut at the ends into smaller ones, like dill. It grows in the ground. She comes from America.
Originally from tropical Asia, its thallus is thin, branched. Grows from the ground.
Algae, similar to bushes of thin tall grass. You can meet it in nature in swamps and along the banks of reservoirs.
Conferva. Unlike other algae, it does not take root at the bottom of the aquarium, but floats on the surface of the water. It is found everywhere in the water bodies of Russia.
Pistia (water salad) also floats on the surface. Its thalli are quite large, palm-sized. The homeland of the plant is Africa.
Atlas-determinant of ornamental plants of a flower garden
Plants with colorful flowers: crocus (saffron), nocturnal, primrose, daisy, iris, tulip, tobacco, lily, astilba, sweet peas, petunia, kosmeya, zinnia, turkish carnation, bleeding center, catchment, salvia, nasturtium, pansies, mice hyacinth, delphinium, aconite, phlox, gladiolus, peony, rudbeckia "Golden ball", dahlia, aster, chrysanthemum, marigolds, physalis.
Flowers in shades of yellow: doronicum, daffodil, daylily, calendula, Snapdragon, goldenrod (golden rod).
Curly: clematis, echinocystis, maiden grapes, hops.
When summer leaves, the flower beds are colored with all the colors of the rainbow. Asters are blooming. The petals of these beautiful flowers have a wide variety of colors - white, red, pink, purple, yellow. The size of the inflorescences is from very small to large. In some, the flowers are more like colored daisies, while in others they are fluffy, like chrysanthemums. Bushes are also different depending on the variety: from short and compact to tall. The story of the distribution of many wonderful flowers is like a detective story. So, several centuries ago, China kept the secrets of its plants as a state secret. To get rare seeds, Europeans went to all sorts of tricks. So, back in the first half of the 18th century, the monk Nicolas Incarville from France, who received his initial knowledge of botany and received an assignment from the director of the Versailles royal garden, left to preach in China. During his travels around the country, he collected and secretly sent the seeds of various plants to his homeland. Thus, the seeds of beautiful asters also came to Europe.
... The chrysanthemum, like the aster, came to us from the East. Chrysanthemum is similar to aster, distinguished by their leaf shape: aster leaves are thin, elongated, and chrysanthemum carved, slightly similar to oak leaves, only much smaller in size. The size and color of these flowers can also be very varied depending on the variety and growing conditions. Chrysanthemums bloom all summer until late autumn. The plant blooms even when many flowers have already withered after the first frost. The plant is perennial, which means that in the spring chrysanthemums will grow again in the same place.
... The Russian name for the dahlia was given to the flower in honor of the Petersburg botanist, geographer and ethnographer I. Georgi. There are several types of this plant, distributed mainly in the mountainous regions of Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia. According to one of the legends, dahlias used to grow only in the royal garden and were protected like the apple of an eye. Once a young gardener stole a flower and planted it under the window of his beloved. The gardener was thrown into prison, but the flower ceased to be a wonderful secret and became available to the common people. According to another legend, the dahlia grew when the ground thawed after the ice age, on the site of the last extinguished fire. Her appearance has become a kind of symbol of the victory of life and the beginning of a new era.
Dahlia is a tall plant with large, lush flowers, larger than a man's fist. And if the dahlia's petals seem to be lined up in even rows in height, petal to petal, forming the correct pattern - this is dahlia pompom... Its globular inflorescences reach a diameter of about 7 cm. The difference from other dahlias is clearly visible in the shape of the petals, which are rolled into a tube along their entire length. In some varieties, they wrap inward and overlap, resembling roof tiles. Dahlias can be of a variety of colors: red, burgundy, pink, yellow, orange, white and even two-colored, with the edges of the petals lighter than the middle.
... The homeland of marigolds is America. They have long been used in the rituals of local Indian tribes, as well as to get rid of various diseases. Marigolds came to Europe in the 16th century and were one of the first overseas flowers to appear in Russia. The flowers received the Russian name "marigolds" because of their petals, the surface of which resembles velvet. The British call this plant Marigold, which means "Mary's gold", the people of Germany know it as a student bloom - a student's flower, beautiful flowers have the name Chernobrovtsy. For the inhabitants of China, these flowers are a symbol of health and longevity, it is not for nothing that they are called "flowers of a thousand years." Flower baskets in marigolds in different shades of yellow, brown and orange flowers... The peculiarity of the plant is that its leaves smell stronger, and not flowers. Marigolds bloom very profusely from June to the first frost.
... Africa is considered the birthplace of gladioli. The flower got its second name "sword" from the similarity of narrow long leaves with swords, and the stem itself, high and straight, resembles a gladiator's sword. Each gladiolus flower is assembled from six lobes, fused at the base, resembling a funnel in shape. The color can be very different, from light yellow to dark burgundy, almost black, there are also blue flowers, and even two-color ones. In ancient treatises, the corms of a flower were said to be healing and magical, capable of curing diseases and protecting from enemies.
My atlas determinant Prepared by a student of the 4th "D" class of the MOU "Secondary School No. 40" Karina Baturo Teacher Novikova Elena Aleksandrovna
Our acquaintance with plants We will study the plants that surround us and benefit from We will study where the plants grow.
Cornflower meadow
Description: meadow cornflower. It is a perennial herb. The stem is erect, 40-70 cm high, the leaves are slightly rough; flowers - exact baskets on the tops of the stem and branches, equipped with a tiled wrapper, each leaf of which at the top is expanded into a black fringed appendage; marginal flowers - funnel-shaped, pink; the middle ones are tubular, dark pink. Blooms all summer. Distribution: natural area - Russia - all regions of the European part, except for the Lower Volga, the Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, Far East; Ukraine - forest, forest-steppe and steppe - mainly on the Left Bank - regions. Cornflower meadow grows scattered in meadows, forest glades, on forest edges, among bushes, in weedy places, railway embankments, along roadsides. Application: the plant has diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. An infusion of herbs is drunk for heart diseases, headaches and pain in the stomach, with jaundice, dropsy.
BELL (CAMPANULA) Bell family
Bell (lat.Campánula) is a genus of exclusively herbaceous plants from the Bellflower family. The genus includes more than 300 species native to temperate countries. Under natural conditions, it is found in the Caucasus, Siberia, Central and Western Asia, in Europe, has some distribution in North America... On the territory of Russia and neighboring countries, there are about 150 species, in the European part of Russia - up to 15. The habitats of bluebells are diverse, they have access to meadows, forests, steppes, they are also found in desert and rocky areas. Numerous and varied species inhabit the subalpine and alpine mountain belts. Corolla for the most part is distinctly bell-shaped, blue or violet of various shades, sometimes lilac, occasionally white. Inflorescences are usually paniculate or racemose, rarely one-flowered.
St. John's wort (Latin Hypericum) is a genus of flowering plants of the family St. John's wort of the order Malpighian.
St. John's wort is a herbaceous perennial up to 1.5 m high (usually 4070 cm) with a rounded straight stem, on which two longitudinal lines are sometimes clearly distinguished. Leaves are oval, slightly oblong, abundantly covered with glands with black dots. The glands are usually translucent. St. John's wort has golden yellow flowers. St. John's wort blooms from June to August. Occurs on the edges of light forests or among bushes, on open dry slopes, in the steppe. For medicinal purposes, St. John's wort is used ( upper part plants), cut at the beginning of flowering in June. Types of St. John's wort - Ordinary or perforated, tetrahedral, gnarled, creeping, zviriba, arboreal.
CLOVER Red (Meadow)
Clover is a plant of the legume family. Perennial, rarely annual plant with a tap root system, which in some becomes woody. Flowers of different colors, depending on the variety, are red, white or pink. Small flowers collected in one plant head. Flowers are sparsely arranged, in umbrellas or racemes. Clover grows in meadows, fields, forests and roadsides. The wide distribution zone indicates that the root system is well developed and is able to absorb moisture and minerals from arid and hard soil covers. Exists folk signs that are associated with clover: - if you look closely, you will notice that before the rain, the leaves straighten; - if the clover stands straight, and the leaves are folded, then bad weather or a storm is approaching.
Dandelion medicinal
The medicinal dandelion is a flower of the sun. Before the rain, he closes his bright baskets, hiding gold petals in dense green buds. It closes at night too. Distribution: the medicinal dandelion is ubiquitous in Europe and Asia in all regions, except for the arctic and alpine regions. Less common in Northern and South America, Australia and New Zealand. It grows like a weed in meadows, near roads, in villages, parks, often forms continuous thickets. Part used: with therapeutic purpose roots, leaves, grass, dandelion juice are used. The plant contains vitamins C, A, B2.
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