In this article, we will talk about the various ways getting rid of sawdust , their use and compare them with each other.
In some cases you have to pay for someone to take out and one way or another disposed of sawdust, in others they are taken by interested persons or organizations, and it happens that they are created on the processing of this material.
Sawdust is a unique material with many properties of wood... Therefore, such material is in great demand in:
- fuel production;
- production of building materials;
- home and agriculture;
- repair and construction works Oh.
Fuel production
They get from sawdust different kinds fuels, among which the most famous pellets and briquettes.
These fuels can be used for conventional boilers, stoves or fireplaces, but the maximum effect is achieved only in automatic heaters.
After all, all the elements of the same batch are the same in size and shape, thanks to which the automatic fuel supply systems can dose them more accurately. Read more about these types of fuel.
Another popular type of fuel is mixture of different alcohols, which is obtained from fermented sawdust.
This material is mixed with a sulfuric acid solution and heated under pressure so that the cellulose breaks down into simple sugars suitable for fermentation.
After the end of fermentation, the mass is driven through a distiller, receiving at the exit alcohols of various quality.
Read more about this use of sawdust in a separate section.
Also obtained from sawdust pyrolysis gas suitable for use in heating and kitchen stoves, as well as in hot water boilers and other natural gas-fueled equipment.
By calorific value pyrolysis gas is much inferior to natural gas, but due to the minimal cost of its production, heating with pyrolysis gas is often cheaper than natural gas.
Read more about this gas, the method of its production and use.
Manufacturing of building materials
Sawdust is used for the production of building materials such as sawdust concrete.
Compared to conventional concrete, this material is noticeably lighter, moreover, it has lower thermal conductivity, therefore, a house built from it loses less heat, which means that you will have to spend less on additional insulation.
In addition, wood in the composition of concrete improves vapor permeability of walls, due to which in such houses there is always optimal humidity, because its excess goes through the walls to the street.
Another popular material made from sawdust is wood concrete. In many ways, it is similar to sawdust concrete, but it also has some differences. After all, the mixture for pouring wood concrete is prepared without adding sand, that is, mixing cement, sawdust and water.
Besides, this material lighter and stronger sawdust concrete, although it is much more expensive. You can read more about the production and use of wood concrete in.
They make good sawdust insulation and finishing materials:
- Fiberboard (fiberboard);
- Chipboard (particle board);
- organic insulation.
Fiberboard is used for finishing of walls, ceilings and floors, and t also forinterior cladding cabinet spaces.
On the basis of fiberboard, a popular finishing material is made - hardboard, which differs from fiberboard by the presence of a decoratively processed side. Particleboard is used to create furniture and many other works.
Organic insulation is only slightly inferior to mineral wool, but environmentally friendly, because it is based on paper obtained from sawdust.
Household and agriculture
Sawdust is an excellent material for adding to various animals... This applies to both pets, such as hamsters, parrots or cats, and various livestock.
The material for the bedding is chosen based on many factors, one of which is the smell, because fresh sawdust smells strongly, and not everyone likes it.
For more information on how to choose a bedding, read the article (Sawdust for pets).
Another use for this material is in the ground around plants.
Bare earth quickly loses moisture, overheats and cools down, which causes plant roots to suffer. Covering the soil around the plant with sawmill waste will protect the roots, making the plant better able to withstand the winter cold and summer heat, and it will also need to be watered less often.
Waste sawing wood is an excellent material for growing mushrooms and creating quality fertilizer... Mushrooms get enough food from them to multiply quickly, and the cost of such food is small, often it is possible to get it for free.
Sawdust also makes good humus. , saturating the soil with nutrients and increasing the productivity of plants.
To learn more about this way of using sawmill waste, read the article (Sawdust fertilizer).
It is also very convenient to fill the paths between the beds in the fields, in vegetable gardens or greenhouses with waste from the sawmills.
Even after heavy rains along such paths it will be possible walk without being smeared with mud so you can check the plants after a rainstorm.
Once every few years it will be necessary plow a vegetable garden or field to spread the sawdust evenly over the ground and fertilize it.
Repair and construction work
The main use of sawdust during repair and construction work is various insulation.
They fall asleep between the thin wooden walls, due to which at minimum costs the thermal conductivity of such a wall is comparable to the same parameter of a wall made of a bar of equal width.
That is, with a wall width of 20-30 cm, insulation is required only in the northern regions.
Also waste from sawing wood mixed with clay and the resulting solution is used to insulate ceilings, floors and brick walls.
The effectiveness of such insulation is much lower than that of the use of mineral wool or foam, but it is possible to increase the layer thickness, due to which significant savings are achieved.
The same compositions are made on the basis of lime or cement, which act as an astringent. For more information about all methods of insulation using wood sawing waste, read here ().
Recycling business
If there is a constant supply of sawdust or the ability to get it for free or very cheaply, then you can start a business to recycle it. The end product can be anything, so you need to focus on the demand for a particular product.
For example, if the gas supply is bad in the region, but people there is an opportunity to buy automatic boilers, then high quality pellets and briquettes will be in good demand. Read about choosing a similar boiler or burner.
After all, access to free or very cheap sawdust makes it possible to produce products, the price of which will be lower than the market average for similar products.
If you are interested in such a business, then read about it in more detail.
Another promising direction is the production of sawdust for cats or hamsters.
For this waste wood sawing dried, treated with deodorants, giving a pleasant smell to the material, and packed in paper or plastic bags.
The sale of sawdust in bags for smoking can be no less interesting.
After all, for each product they apply their own combination of wood species, providing the best taste and smell, therefore the packaged sawdust different breeds trees will be in demand.
Responsibility for the disposal of waste from the woodworking industry
Despite the fact that sawdust is classified as 5 hazard class according to the federal catalog of waste classification, that is, to practically safe, they still need to be disposed of in any available way.
In addition, dried sawdust is very flammable material, which is difficult to extinguish if the fire has gained strength. Therefore, wood sawing waste can be disposed of in any available way:
- take out to a landfill;
- bury in the ground;
- distribute to people and businesses;
- sell to any buyers;
- use for heating in winter;
- use in a subsidiary farm for any needs;
- use to generate pyrolysis gas and use it in any way;
- hand over to the nearest pulp and paper or chemical plant that processes wood;
- recycle in any way (some goods may require a license to produce).
If the sawdust is not removed for a long time and there is a fire threat or someone else's territory is littered, then questions may arise from various regulatory organizations.
In Russia, the disposal of any waste, including sawdust, is regulated by the federal law N 89-FZ of 24.06.1998 "On production and consumption waste", which you can read by following this link.
Another document regulating the disposal of any waste, including sawdust, is the federal law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population."
Everything in it storage and disposal of waste considered in the context of the impact on the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of people.
Therefore, any method of disposal must comply with the laws adopted in Russia.
No permits are required for a single combustion of a small amount of sawdust, however, regular combustion of large volumes requires not only permits for the combustion itself, but also final product disposal solution- ash or soot.
The same applies to burying sawdust in the ground. In some regions, there may be claims of officials in connection with formal violations of some points of the law, but in reality, such nit-picking may be due to lobbying the interests of landfill owners.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Processing Methods
Any of the owners of a woodworking enterprise or a sawmill wants to get rid of sawdust with maximum benefit, but there are situations when it is no longer about profit, but about minimizing the cost of disposing of this waste.
Processing is the most profitable, but everything depends on difficulties in selling the finished product and the high cost of equipment.
To dispose of sawdust at the landfill, you need to obtain permission from Rosprirodnadzor (RPN), buy quotas, and this is all a big expense.
After all, the amount of payment depends on the amount of material transported to the landfill. It is possible to bury sawdust in the ground if we are talking about a small batch, but when tens or hundreds of cubic meters of waste are received monthly, then it is already impossible to bury them.
In addition, it is highly likely that burying large volumes of sawdust into the ground will arouse the interest of RPN officials, who will immediately begin to write out fines, because such work needs to be coordinated with them.
Waste sawing wood can be give out to people for free, however, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with them on the gratuitous transfer of tangible assets.
Otherwise, questions may arise from tax office.
Such an agreement can be concluded in simple written form.
Waste sawing wood can be sold in any volume, if there are buyers, but with them you also need conclude a formal contract and write out a receipt, otherwise the tax office will have questions. The same situation is with the delivery of waste to processing plants.
The sale of sawdust may be very popular in bags with delivery, even if you do not make money on it, you can get rid of some of the accumulated waste. Stores take such goods for sale at a low price and sell them as cat litter.
For such a sale, you will also need conclude a contract with a store, as well as attach receipts confirming payment for the goods by the store. The disadvantage of this method is high transport costs and the inability to attach large volumes of material. Indeed, even hypermarket chains will be able to take only a few tens of cubic meters of such material per month.
The easiest way to use sawdust for heating their own premises in winter- no documents are required for this method of disposal.
However, even in this case, bureaucracy cannot be dispensed with, because in the process of combustion of wood, soot and ash are formed, which also need to be disposed of somehow. Otherwise, the RPN and the fire department have questions. Indeed, according to their logic, soot and ash are simply thrown into a landfill without paying a utilization fee.
Also, in the event of a fire at a landfill or any nearby waste disposal site under suspicion will be enterprises producing ash or soot, but refused to conclude a contract for their disposal.
The situation is the same with the production of pyrolysis gas: permits for the process itself and the use of gas on the territory of the enterprise are not required, but you still need to conclude contract for the disposal of soot and coal.
There are situations when sawdust lies for a long time and begins to rot, as a result of which the cellulose decomposes into carbon dioxide and various sugars.
It is difficult to get rid of such sawdust, because no one wants to take them even for free, so the easiest way is to bury them in the ground, having received for it on-load tap-changer resolution... This will be cheaper than purchasing quotas required for disposal of solid waste to a landfill.
If the nearest RPN branch is several hundred kilometers away, then sawdust can be bury and without agreement with them.
In contact with
Everyone knows that starting from the stage of timber harvesting and at all stages of wood processing, a huge amount of waste remains. Among them are tree branches, tops, twigs, stumps, slabs, substandard fraction, sawdust and trimmings. There are different methods volume reduction wood waste... The simplest one can be called incineration, but this method is not very effective and does not bring profit. Another method is the processing of wood waste with the creation of chips.
Wood chips
Wood chips are created in a variety of chippers, allowing short time to crush large volumes of wood waste to obtain high-quality technological chips at the output. Chip production facilities are quite a lucrative business that can be profitable on a regular basis.
What is made from wood chips? Today, wood chips have a wide range of uses. It is used as a fuel for the operation of gas generating equipment. Wood chip boilers provide buildings and businesses with steam and heat. Gas generating plants can operate on waste wood, they are economical. If, for the manufacture of wood chips, not one wood shredder is used, but a full-fledged production line, which includes a wood chip cutter, a drum dryer, a gas generator, a sorting and filling plant, conveyors and bunkers for the supply of raw materials, then the final product will be wood chips for low humidity smoking. As a result, shelf life and product quality are increased.
Wood chips are excellent for use as fuel in multipurpose solid fuel boilers, due to economy and high level efficiency. Such boilers are increasingly being used to equip boiler houses of both private houses and individual districts in large cities... Fuel wood chips are in great demand today.
Chip grades
| Chip brand |
Appointment |
|
Sulphite pulp and wood pulp for controlled trash papermaking |
|
|
Sulphite cellulose and wood pulp intended for the manufacture of paper and paperboard with uncontrolled trash, sulfate and bisulphite cellulose intended for the manufacture of paper and paperboard with controlled trash |
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Sulphated cellulose and various types of semi-cellulose intended for the manufacture of paper and cardboard with unregulated trash |
|
|
Alcohol, yeast, glucose and furfural |
|
|
Food grade crystalline xylitol T |
|
|
Furfural and yeast in two-phase hydrolysis |
|
|
Fiber boards |
|
|
Chipboards |
Chip requirements
|
Indicator name |
Norm for brands |
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|
Mass fraction of bark, no more |
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|
Mass fraction of rot, no more |
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|
Mass fraction of mineral impurities, no more |
Not allowed |
Not allowed |
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Mass fraction of residues on sieves with holes in diameter: |
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|
30 mm, no more |
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20 and 10 mm, not less |
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5 mm, no more |
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on a pallet, no more |
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|
Charred particles and metal inclusions |
Not allowed |
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Wood species for the manufacture of chips
|
The purpose of the chips |
Mass fraction of wood species in chips,% |
|||
|
conifers 100 |
deciduous 100 |
in the mix |
||
|
conifers |
deciduous |
|||
|
Cellulose production: sulphite and bisulphite |
Spruce, fir |
Not less than 90 |
No more than 10 |
|
|
Birch, aspen, poplar, alder, beech, hornbeam |
No more than 10 |
Not less than 90 |
||
|
sulfate |
All species, larch separately |
Not less than 90 |
No more than 10 |
|
|
All breeds |
No more than 10 |
Not less than 90 |
||
|
neutral sulfite |
Not allowed |
All breeds |
Not allowed |
|
|
Semi-cellulose production |
All breeds |
Not less than 90 |
No more than 10 |
|
|
All breeds |
No more than 10 |
Not less than 90 |
||
|
Wood pulp production |
Spruce, fir |
Not allowed |
Not allowed |
|
|
Hydrolysis production: yeast |
All breeds |
All breeds |
Allowed in any ratio |
|
|
alcohol |
All breeds |
All breeds |
Not less than 70 |
No more than 30 |
|
glucose |
All breeds |
Not allowed |
Not allowed |
|
|
furfural |
Not allowed |
All breeds |
No more than 5 |
Not less than 95 |
|
Xylitol production |
Not allowed |
Birch, aspen admixture no more than 10 |
Not allowed |
|
|
Furfural and yeast production by two-phase hydrolysis |
Not allowed |
Birch, beech, maple, oak, hornbeam, aspen admixture no more than 10 |
Not allowed |
|
|
Fiberboard and chipboard production |
All breeds |
All breeds |
Allowed by agreement with the consumer |
|
Chip production
In the manufacture of wood chips of a specific size, in order to calibrate the raw material, drum chippers are used, which are equipped with removable screens with a given mesh size. In such installations, wood chips of any given parameters are created. For example, if your specialization is the production of wood chips for smoking, then it is important to use wood chips of the same size in your smokehouses. When using chips of the same size, you will never encounter the problem of flames from small particles. Chips of the same caliber are excellent material for creating building materials, for example, wood concrete. Due to the homogeneous mass, a high quality of the final product is achieved. Wood chip plants equipped with sizing grids significantly increase production possibilities.
Process chips are used to create cellulose, wood-based panels and products of wood-chemical and hydrolysis industries. It is created from small-sized round wood raw materials with a cross section of 2-6 cm and a length of 1.0-3.0 m with a gradation of 0.5 m and marginal deviations in length ± 5 cm.
Making wood concrete
Chips are used to create modern high-tech wall blocks. Arbolite blocks produced on the basis of wood chips and a cement component. This produces a building material that is not hazardous to human health. It is lightweight, retains heat well, does not freeze, does not rot and does not burn. Wood concrete panels are used for the construction of country cottages, as well as yard buildings, baths, garages, warehouses, cowsheds and poultry houses. Projects of wood concrete buildings are almost similar to buildings made of bricks or other materials. Arbolite houses are an excellent replacement log houses... Today, high quality wood concrete blocks are quite popular on the market, this makes it possible to erect a building in a short time.
Creation of building materials
Wood chips are actively used to create chipboard, fiberboard, cardboard and paper, plywood, briquettes for heating, wood pellets and pellets, drywall. For these purposes, it is necessary to additionally grind the chips in wood chips to obtain a finer fraction. The use of wood chips for the manufacture of building materials used in everyday life makes it possible to significantly reduce the felling of trees, reduce the amount of wood waste.
Substandard timber and technological chips can accumulate dead weight on the territory of the timber industry enterprises, but they can be given a second life, thereby saving nature.
Any owner country house wants to make it unique and beautiful. This can be helped by decorative chips, which are attractive in appearance and at the same time useful for the soil product.
Decorative chips are used for mulching, that is, covering the soil in the process of growing both agricultural and ornamental plants. The main task of mulching is to prevent erosional destruction of the soil, suppress the development of weeds, optimize the water regime of the soil and improve the soil nutrition of plants.
At the same time, today wood chip mulch is often used as a decorative element in landscape architecture and horticulture. It perfectly complements the decorative properties of any plants, brings variety to the design of flower beds, gardens, squares and parks.
Despite the fact that marble chips, calibrated pine bark, gravel, and crushed stone can act as decorative mulch, decorative chips are very popular today. The main advantages of wood chips:
- environmental Safety
- ease of disposal
- softness (it is even pleasant to walk on it)
- excellent aesthetic characteristics.
Decorative chips can be colored in a variety of shades. It is used as a background for landscaping elements, as well as in the role of an independent decorative element... Mulch from this chips stylistically unites parts of the composition into one complete one, visually divides the site into zones and replaces the lawn, thereby creating tremendous opportunities for creating unusual projects landscape design.
Mulching with decorative wood chips is an excellent way to enrich poor soil. Wood stimulates the reproduction of earthworms and beneficial microflora in the soil, protects it from drying out and has high heat-shielding parameters.
Mulch is placed on warm and moist soil. In the conditions of central Russia, this is done in May - June, after the threat of frost. The site must be cleared of perennial weeds, because they can sprout through the chips. If you need to plant the plants in mulch soil, then the mulch layer will have to be removed. Decorative chips, or bark, need to be added every year in the spring to maintain an attractive appearance, with a layer of 1 - 2 cm.
Alder and oak chips
Oak chips perfectly "ennoble" the taste of an alcoholic drink. This is the most common use for oak chips. It is added to different stages wine production, both at the very beginning of fermentation and in the process of filling industrial containers with wine.
Oak chips brought to wine production are preliminarily "fried" over the fire, and then saturated with water. Under the influence of flame and smoke, the chips are saturated with a persistent smoky smell, the aroma of smoked meats and caramel.
The use of wood chips in wine production can significantly increase the area of contact between wine and wood, which greatly speeds up the aging process, and saturation with water reduces the concentration of tannins.
Alder chips are an excellent material for smoking a wide variety of products. It is alder chips - perfect option for cooking smoked dishes at home. Alder during combustion does not emit corrosive toxic smoke, and also does not form a layer of soot on the surface. Alder chips can be used in any smokehouse: both factory-made and your own design.
Chip production, despite the simplicity of the product, is a fairly profitable business. Especially considering that in our country there are very few enterprises that manufacture wood chips. Mainly, it is created in workshops on the basis of other wood processing industries. In this article, we will tell you how to make wood chips with your own hands and why it is profitable to do such a business.
08 februaryNowadays, it is easy to set up production from materials that usually seem to be only waste and garbage. On the plastic bottles, rubber tires, wood and even broken glass can be arranged. All it takes is a decent business idea, an implementation guide, and some hardware. Of course, no matter what business is established, be it old ideas or, it needs to be registered with the relevant authorities.
Business ideas for sawdust production
Sawdust is a waste material obtained in the manufacture of wood products. But you shouldn't throw it away, because it can still bring some profit to their owner. With low investments, sawdust processing can bring a consistently high income. At least two types of products can be made from sawdust: fertilizers and fuel.
Fertilizers
Sawdust fertilizers are quite popular among gardeners due to their availability, ease of use and low cost. To obtain a high quality fertilizer, sawdust is processed and mixed in certain proportions with mineral additives. It will be necessary to purchase a crushing chamber, dryer and mixers, which in general will cost about 1-2 million rubles. Depending on the scale of production, you also need to think about hiring personnel and renting premises. The sale of products can be made through cooperation with stores, through your own retail outlet or online store, as well as through advertisements.
Manufacturing high quality fuels from sawdust can be very costly. It can only cost 4-6 million rubles, depending on the manufacturer. One working line includes:
- Crushing chamber;
- Mixer;
- Granulator;
- Dryer.
Such a line is capable of producing 0.5-1 tonnes of products per hour. The costs will be required not only for the purchase of equipment, but also for wages workers, rent of premises (if not owned), payment of taxes, transport and other related expenses.
To sell finished products it is possible through construction stores and markets, own retail outlets, through the Internet and advertisements in the media.
Advice: for the production of non-food products, you can choose almost any room as a room, including an ordinary garage. Such a production building will help to significantly save on rent up to 100-150 thousand rubles per month, depending on the scale, and its size is quite enough to accommodate one production line of almost any kind, if we are talking about a small business.
Fuel briquettes
Fuel briquettes are another convenient and efficient type of fuel used mostly for heating fireplaces and lighting barbecues. The process of its production is in many ways similar to the process of making pellets. The difference is that chips and even clay are mixed with the raw materials for the manufacture of briquettes, and instead of a granulator, a press machine is used in production, which does not cost more. The profitability of such a business with a serious approach can be more than 100%. It is possible to sell products both privately and through cooperation with shops and boiler houses.
Business registration
The sawdust business is usually classified as a small business, and it is better to register it as an individual entrepreneur. An LLC may be suitable if the owner wants to open a large-scale production, but then taxes will be calculated differently, and there will be more documentation requirements.
Advice: even if you are determined to open such a production and have already purchased equipment, do not connect it until the business is registered. So you will protect yourself from very large fines.
Selection of raw materials
Depending on the terrain and possibilities, raw materials can be purchased both from sawmills and from carpentry workshops and furniture factories. As a rule, these enterprises sell sawdust inexpensively - about 100 rubles per cubic meter, and the quality of such raw materials is rarely bad. But it is worth noting that when negotiating supplies with sawmills, quality will need to be monitored more carefully, since sawdust can be dirty, wet and moldy.
Such a simple type of wood waste, like sawdust, finds its application in many areas of life. By themselves, as a material or energy carrier, they are not of great value. But if you force this waste to undergo some processing or a certain technological process with the addition of other components, then the output can be obtained with many useful and inexpensive products or products. In this article, we will tell you what can be made from sawdust and try to cover the most popular methods effective use of this material.
What is made from sawdust in industrial production?
If you study the issue thoroughly, it turns out that there are a lot of all the ways to use sawdust and it will be difficult to list them in one article. Therefore, we will focus on the most popular options:- Construction Materials;
- various types of biofuels.
Strong and lightweight sawdust concrete is produced in slabs or blocks and is used for the following purposes:
For self-supporting device interior partitions instead of more expensive brick ones. In this case, the density of the material is over 500 to 850 kg / m3.
Lighter sawdust blocks with a density of less than 500 kg / m3 serve as insulating and soundproofing elements.
The advantages of wood concrete slabs - low price, light weight and good strength. Disadvantages - inability to withstand the flame for a long time during a fire and high moisture permeability. Because of this, sawdust and cement blocks cannot be used outside the building without a suitable waterproofing layer. Otherwise, the product will become saturated with moisture and lose its thermal insulation properties, and in the cold it will collapse.
Sawdust fuels
Several types of fuel can be made from sawdust. In the factory, solid and liquid biofuels have been produced from them, and for a long time. Solid fuels are successfully burned in the furnaces of various heating boilers, and cars, whose engine is adapted for this, are refueled with liquid fuel. Here is a more accurate list of these fuels:- hydrolysis alcohol (bioethanol);
- wood pellets (pellets);
- fuel briquettes.
Oddly enough, but alcohol is made from sawdust using sulfuric acid. The tree contains cellulose, which, when interacting with dilute sulfuric acid, turns into sugar, and we all know how to get alcohol from it. On an industrial scale, this process is called hydrolysis and takes place in closed vats with a temperature of about 180 ° C and at a pressure of 8-10 bar. In simple terms, the acid solution flows through the sawdust, resulting in a sugar solution. Bioethanol is isolated from the latter by the traditional method - by means of yeast fermentation.
The most advanced solid fuel to date is also made from sawdust. We are talking about pellets, wood cylindrical granules up to 5 cm long and up to 8 mm in diameter. It should be noted that to make steel granules from sawdust in European countries, and then this technology came to us. Their perfection lies in the fact that pellet boilers fully automated and able to function without human intervention for several days. No other wood-burning heat generator can boast of such a duration of work. Not to mention the efficiency, which reaches 85% for pellet boilers.
Granules are produced on special machines - granulators, which compress the raw material to such an extent that a natural binder, lignin, is released from it. There is only one condition: pellets can be made from raw materials, crushed to a powder state and dried to a moisture content of no higher than 12%. Therefore, wood waste undergoes a crushing and drying operation. After granulation, strong cylinders are obtained, which allows them to be transported in bulk over considerable distances.
A similar use of sawdust occurs in the production of so-called eurowood or briquettes, in any case, the manufacturing technology is almost the same. The only difference is that the requirements for grinding raw materials are not so high. You may ask: why make briquettes that need to be burned like wood, if there are pellets? The answer is simple: not everyone has access to a pellet boiler, but many have an ordinary stove or a simple heat generator to burn fuel briquettes from sawdust. Moreover, in terms of calorific value, they are not inferior to wood pellets.
Using sawdust at home
In the private sector, there is also a use for wood waste. By the way, small sawdust can also be useful in an apartment, for example, when laying parquet. The fact is that after the installation of parquet boards, gaps inevitably remain between them. So, to eliminate them, it is recommended to prepare filler on sawdust mixed with parquet varnish. The mixture is made to a thick consistency and all the cracks are filled with it. After such an improvised putty has dried, the parquet is sanded with a special machine.Small waste woodworking can be used for the purpose of both insulating and heating the house. This will take time and work, but tangible savings will come out. With the help of sawdust, it is most convenient to insulate the attic floor or the floors of the first floor. Less often they are used for internal wall insulation, filling the cavities between load-bearing wall and exterior cladding of the house. It should be borne in mind that sawdust insulation loses in terms of thermal insulation properties to such popular materials as foam or mineral wool, but it will cost much less.
To insulate horizontal surfaces, sawdust is mixed with lime and cement, achieving uniformity of the composition, and then water is added. The resulting solution is placed between the floor beams or on the prepared floor surface. Instead of cement, clay is often used, only it is advisable to grind it thoroughly and remove pebbles. Working with any solutions containing small wood waste, the surface is covered with a waterproofing film before laying. In the same way, the laid insulation is covered with a film on top.
All these manipulations are necessary due to the fact that the sawdust absorbs moisture well, which cannot be allowed, otherwise their thermal insulation properties are sharply reduced. Similar measures to protect against moisture will also be required in the case when a wall is being erected from sawdust blocks. These can be successfully made at home if you mix wood waste with lime, sand and cement, and then fill the prepared form with this solution. Immediately after setting, the product is removed from the mold and then dried for a long time. Sawdust concrete slabs for wall insulation are made according to the same principle.
Homemade sawdust fuel
Solid fuel from sawdust at home is made only in the form of briquettes. Of course, you can buy equipment and make pellets from sawdust, but such a solution is not economically feasible. In order for the purchased dryer and granulator to pay for itself, you will have to produce most of the pellets with your own hands for the purpose of selling, otherwise it is easier to purchase ready-made pellets for heating.As for the manufacture of briquettes, there are 2 methods used at home. The first is with the help of a small screw press - an extruder, which is most often bought in finished form... Then the technology is almost no different from the production technology, and home-made briquettes from sawdust, made by hand, are obtained good quality and give a lot of heat when burned. It is clear that significant investments will be required here.
An easier and cheaper way is hand made a briquette from a mixture of sawdust and clay, which plays the role of a binder. To compress this mass, home craftsmen use a hand-held machine equipped with a form for storing raw materials. After shaping, the finished products are dried in the open air. Such briquettes are incomparable with factory briquettes in terms of heat transfer, since they have a low density due to low compression pressure. Nevertheless, the method has found very widespread use among homeowners who have the raw material in the form of sawdust.
If necessary, from high-quality briquettes, made by hand, you can make charcoal... Traditional methods are used for this - coal is burned in pits or barrels, and then sorted and packed in bags.
Other areas of application of sawdust
List everything that can still be made from sawdust in household, rather difficult, we will give just a few examples. One option is to make insulation mats for a variety of purposes, such as wrapping water pipes and other pipes that are laid above ground level. But, again, it is necessary good waterproofing such mats. In another case, sawdust is used as mulch in the vegetable garden or in the garden. To do this, they are poured over the soil with a layer of 4-5 cm, which makes it possible to retain moisture in it for a long time and prevent weeds from germinating.Sawdust is a good help when you need to arrange bedding for pets and poultry. Since they absorb moisture well, the litter stays dry for a long time. In an apartment, sawdust is also used as a filler for cat or dog toilets. And finally, one cannot fail to mention all sorts of souvenirs and homemade toys filled with sawdust. Children like these crafts in the form of toys, and pictures from colored sawdust can add a special charm to the interior of your home.
As it turned out, small wood waste is a very versatile material. The range of application of sawdust is very wide, they are used for various purposes both in the household and as a raw material for the production of heat-insulating products and fuel.
It's no secret that starting from the stage of timber harvesting, a huge amount of waste is generated at all stages of wood processing. These are tree branches, tops, twigs, stumps, slabs, substandard wood, sawdust and trimmings.
Exist different ways reduce the amount of wood waste. The easiest way is to burn them, but this is ineffective and does not bring enough profit. Another way is the processing of wood waste into chips.
For the production of chips, various chipping machines are used, which allow you to quickly grind large volumes of wood waste and get high-quality technological chips at the output. Chip production is a profitable business that can generate a steady income, taking into account the uninterrupted supply of raw materials.
Detailed information from the equipment manufacturer on the PPM chippers page
Chips - shredded wood of established sizes, obtained as a result of shredding wood raw materials by chippers and special devices, used as technological raw materials or fuel.
Using wood chips
What is made from wood chips? Wood chips have a wide range of uses. Wood chips are often used as fuel to operate gas generators. Wood chip boilers make it possible to provide homes and businesses with steam and heat. Gas generators capable of operating on wood waste are more economical. If for the production of wood chips you use not just a wood chipper, but a whole production line, which will include a wood chip cutter, a drum dryer, a gas generator, a sorting and filling plant, conveyors and bunkers for feeding material, then at the exit you can get wood chips for smoking low humidity , which will increase the shelf life and quality of the product. Alder chips are highly valued by smoked meat producers. Large manufacturing plants smoked sausages, smoked fish, smoked cheeses will be happy to cooperate with you. If you add a painting unit, you can produce colored decorative chips, which are used by specialists for landscaping and decorating lawns. The sale of wood chips will allow you to receive a guaranteed profit, since this product is currently in demand by consumers.
Calibration of wood chips
If it is required to produce wood chips of a certain fraction, to calibrate the material, then drum chippers equipped with removable nets with a given mesh size are used for these purposes. This allows the production of wood chips of any desired size. For example, if you specialize in the manufacture of wood chips for smoking, then you should know that using wood chips of the same size in smokehouses can achieve a more stable result. This will avoid the effect that while large chips give smoke for smoking, small chips burn, form a flame and can spoil the product. Technological chips of the same size are also suitable for the production of building materials (wood chips for arbolite), the homogeneity of the mass ensures a high quality of the final product. Wood chip machines with sizing grids significantly increase production possibilities.
Process chips - chips for the production of cellulose, wood-based panels and products of wood chemical and hydrolysis industries. It is produced from small-sized round wood raw materials with a diameter of 2-6 cm and a length of 1.0-3.0 m with a gradation of 0.5 m and maximum length deviations of ± 5 cm.
Wood concrete production from wood chips
If you purchase equipment for wood concrete, you can open a business for the production of modern high-tech wood concrete wall blocks. Wood concrete blocks are made on the basis of wood chips and cement binder, construction wood concrete is safe for human health, it is lightweight, perfectly retains heat, does not freeze, does not rot and does not burn. Arbolite panels are used for suburban low-rise construction residential houses and cottages, yard buildings, baths, garages, warehouses, cowsheds and poultry houses, industrial buildings... Projects of wood concrete houses practically do not differ from buildings made of bricks or other types of wall blocks. Construction of houses from wood concrete is a great alternative to log houses.
Manufacturers of equipment for wood concrete offer a complex of machines, which includes a wood concrete chip cutter, a mixing station, molds for wood concrete blocks different sizes, manual rammers or rammers with surcharge, vibrating table, drying chamber. High quality wood chips for wood concrete guarantees a stable result, correct proportions of wood concrete, each batch of material will be the same without deviating from the standard, which is important for construction work. High-quality wood concrete blocks are in demand in the market, this will make it easy to organize sales.
Wood chips for the manufacture of building materials
Wood chips are also used for the production of chipboard, fiberboard, cardboard and paper, plywood, briquettes for heating, wood pellets and pellets, drywall. In this case, wood chips are re-crushed in wood chips to obtain a finer fraction. The use of wood chips for the production of building materials that we use in everyday life can significantly reduce wood consumption and reduce the amount of wood waste. If you invest in equipment, then wood chips will no longer be a waste of wood production, but will become a valuable secondary product, which can be earned and put into business. Substandard wood and technological chips will no longer lie as a dead weight on the territory of timber industry enterprises; it is very easy for them to give a second life for the benefit of society.