Biomedical support in preparation for the competition. Biomedical support of sports activities Biomedical support of physical culture and sports

Purpose of the program- is the formation of general cultural and professional competence among masters, contributing to their research, pedagogical, coaching and teaching and physical culture and health-improving activities.

Place of the course in Master's training

Data content academic disciplines meets the requirements of the master's qualification characteristics physical culture... These disciplines are fundamental in the formation of the strategy and tactics of the Master of Physical Education and contribute to the formation of personal qualities, general cultural and professional competencies in the field of physical culture in master's students for implementation, scientific and pedagogical, research, physical education and educational activities, taking into account the needs; will acquaint with the methods of medical and biological support of physical culture and sports in order to ensure the preservation and strengthening of health, as well as increase the level of sportsmanship of those involved.

Disciplines studied in the magistracy

A cycle of disciplines in the M1 direction:

History and methodology of science
Logics
Information technology in science and education
Modern problems of the sciences of physical culture
Foreign language.

Cycle of special disciplines M2:

Conflictology in sports and extreme activities
Research technologies in sports and extreme activities
Functional systems theory
Psychological personality correction in sports and extreme activities
Medical-biological and psychological-pedagogical criteria for the selection of persons for sports and extreme activities.

Disciplines of the choice M1.V.DV1:

Chronobiology in sports and extreme activities
Biomedical Ecology.

Disciplines of the choice M1.V. DV2:

Workshop on biomedical support for persons with disabilities
Workshop on adaptation mechanisms to various types of sports and extreme activities.

Disciplines of the choice M1.V.DV3:

Biomedical support for people with disabilities
Adaptation mechanisms to various types of sports and extreme activities.

Optional disciplines M1.V. DV4:

Psychophysiological methods and means of restoring a person to sports and extreme activities
Prevention of maladaptive states in sports and extreme activities.

Disciplines of the choice M1.V.DV5:

Biomedical optimization tools functional state human
Biomedical ethics in medical and biological support of sports and extreme activities.

Disciplines of choice M1.V.DV6:

Modern trends in nutritional science in sports and extreme activities
Ontokinesiology.

Electives:

Prevention of injuries in sports and extreme activities.

Practices:

Educational practice
Production
Pre-graduation.

Research work:

Research work
Research seminar.

Questions for the written exam "Theory of physical culture and sports" for admission to the magistracy for the master's program "Biomedical support of sports and extreme activities"

"Physical culture" as the initial concept of the theory of physical culture (definition of the concept; its characteristic as a kind of activity, as a set of objective values, as a result of activity).
The subject of the theory of physical culture (the formation of a general theory of physical culture, the theory of physical culture as a science and academic subject).
Components and forms of physical culture used in society (content, focus).
General and specific functions of physical culture.
Health-improving forces, natural and hygienic factors as auxiliary means.
Content and form physical exercise(characteristics of the content and form of physical exercises, their relationship).
Exercise technique (definition, general concept: basis, defining link, details of technique).
Characteristics of motor actions: spatial, dynamic, temporal and spatio-temporal (content, practical examples).
Exercise effects (near, track and cumulative).
Load in progress physical education(definition of the concept, "external" side of the load, load criteria, types of loads).
Rest as a component of the load in physical education (types of rest by nature and duration, their characteristics, functions of rest).
Organizational and methodological foundations of the domestic system of physical education.
Ideological-theoretical and program-normative foundations of the physical education system (physical education programs and the state standard in the subject "Physical culture").
Methods of using words and means of visual influence in the process of physical education (groups, types, methods of their application in the practice of physical education).
Game and competitive methods (content, specific traits, tasks to be solved).
Uniform and repeated-interval methods (content, application in the practice of physical education).
Methods of continuous and variable interval exercise (content, application in the practice of physical education).
Methods of dismembered-constructive and selective influence (content, application in the practice of physical education).
Methods of holistic-constructive and conjugate impact (content, application in the practice of physical education).
Combined exercise methods (characteristics, application, specific examples).
Circular training as an organizational and methodological form of training for the complex use of physical exercises (content, application in the practice of physical education).
Strength as a physical quality of a person (definition of the concept, modes of manifestation of strength, types of strength abilities; tasks, means of training strength abilities and ways to assess the level of their development).
Methodology for training strength abilities. The use of "limit" and "near-limit" weights, "non-limit" weights with a limit number of repetitions, isometric tensions in the method of training power abilities (content, impact, application in practice).
Speed as a physical quality of a person (definition of the concept, forms of manifestation of speed; tasks, means of training speed abilities; factors determining the emergence of speed abilities and methods of assessment).
Education of speed of movements (means, methods, approximate parameters of loads; speed barrier, ways to prevent and remove the speed barrier).
The upbringing of the speed of motor reactions (types of motor reactions, the method of upbringing the speed of motor reactions).
Education of endurance (definition of the concept, forms of manifestation of endurance, tasks, means, methods, dosage of load parameters).
Education is motor- coordination skills(types of manifestation of coordination abilities, tasks, means and distinctive features methods of development of motor-coordinating abilities).
Education of flexibility (definition of the concept, types of manifestation, factors that determine their manifestation, means and methods of education of flexibility, criteria for assessing the development of the level of flexibility).
Body weight regulation (an exercise technique that stimulates an increase in muscle mass; method of exercises that contribute to weight loss).
The role of foci of chronic infection in assessing the health status of athletes.
Assessment methods physical development individual.
Factors affecting physical development.
Growth laws.
Biochemical research methods and assessment of the athlete's performance.
Eco-hygienic factors affecting physical performance and the functional state of the athlete's body.
The structure of the morbidity of athletes.
Classification of causes of sudden death of athletes.
Possible injuries during exercise game types sports.
Morphofunctional characteristics of the age characteristics of athletes and people involved in physical culture.
Self-control of an athlete (self-control diary).
Ways to restore sports performance.
Influence of large physical activity on the functional state of the athlete's body.
Preventive, rehabilitation and restorative measures during physical exercise.
Individual physical education.
Socio-biological foundations of physical culture and sports.
Physical self-education and self-improvement as a condition for a healthy lifestyle.
Possible injuries during classes: gymnastics, athletics, skiing.
Treatment of the victim and general principles first aid.
The main causes of injury.
Hypokinesia. Causes of hypokinesia and its consequences.
Prevention of sports injuries.
Overwork in athletes: causes, symptoms (overwork, asthenia), recovery measures.
Explain the adaptation to various physical activities. Give a definition of the types of adaptation.
Describe the methods and means of accelerating the processes of recovery of the body.
Explain the physiological features of development physical qualities in children and adolescents. Sensitive periods.
Tell us about the physiological foundations of the sports selection of children.
Clinical death and pre-medical resuscitation measures.
Resuscitation measures for drowning.
Medical support for sports events. Control over the readiness of venues, accommodation, meals.

When preparing for a competition, it is especially important to monitor the health of an athlete. Bringing an athlete to the competition at the peak of his physical capabilities is the task not only of the coaching staff, but also of the sports medicine doctor.

Medical and biological support of athletes in preparation for the competition includes the examination of athletes according to specially developed programs of staged complex (IVF) and current (TO) examinations. The examinations are carried out according to the schedule agreed with the coaching staff.

Conclusions based on the results of a medical and biological examination enable the coaching staff in a timely manner:

get recommendations for correcting training programs;
receive recommendations on the selection of sports pharmacology (individual schemes for each athlete with the ability to achieve the maximum training effect without causing harm to health);
to balance Various types loads within the training cycle;
apply a differentiated approach to training athletes.

How often are IVF and maintenance performed?

The frequency of IVF is determined together with the coaching staff, based on the stages of the athlete's preparation and the competition calendar. Maintenance programs and the frequency of their implementation are determined after receiving the results of UMO together with the coaching staff, based on the micro- and macrocycles of training athletes.

Stage comprehensive examination

IVF is carried out at the beginning of the preparatory cycle for the tournament on the basis of the NAKFF Sports Medicine Center. Includes:

consultation with a sports medicine doctor;
functional diagnostics: carrying out stress or specialized sports tests;
performing a wide range of laboratory tests;
consultation with a psychologist.

During the examination, athletes are accompanied by a sports medicine manager, which makes IVF at the NAKFF clinic comfortable and organized.

Results of the staged comprehensive survey:

assessment of the reserves of the cardiovascular, autonomic, respiratory and other systems;
identification of the threshold of anaerobic metabolism and pulse intensity zones;
determining the maximum power that an athlete can develop;
determination of kinematics and dynamics in joints in a competitive exercise;
determination of the absolute muscle strength and explosive muscle strength at the current moment;
assessment of recovery processes;
analysis of physical and functional fitness of an athlete;
identification of pathological changes, phenomena of overtraining; correction of physical activity and recovery phases to improve the efficiency of the training process;
selection of speed, pace, weight of weights in special and general preparatory exercises in order to improve sports results in strength and speed-strength sports;
recommendations for correcting training programs;
recommendations for the selection of sports pharmacology and drugs sports nutrition.

Current examination

The current examination is carried out at the training site by NAKFF specialists (sports doctor, nurse). As a rule, at least two current examinations are carried out: 1) through a macrocycle (20-22 days) after a staged comprehensive examination 2) 10 days before the date of the competition.

The composition of the current survey:

load testing;
measurement of lactates, hemoglobin;
cardiointervalometry;
measurement of blood pressure, heart rate before and after exercise.

Goals and objectives of the current survey (TO):

operational control over the state of health and the dynamics of adaptation of the body to training loads;
assessment of the dynamics of the training effect in micro- and macrocycles.

Results of staged complex and current surveys

Based on the results of IVF, TO (medical and biological support), the conclusions of a sports doctor are provided with recommendations on the organization of the training process, sports nutrition, the use of sports pharmacology. The sports doctor's opinion is drawn up on the basis of:

laboratory research results (dynamic monitoring of indicators of all types of metabolism, markers of acute and chronic underrecovery);

a comprehensive assessment of the results of functional stress tests (identifying the threshold of anaerobic metabolism and pulse intensity zones, tracking recovery processes, assessing the reserves of the cardiovascular, vegetative, respiratory and other systems, analyzing the physical and functional fitness of an athlete);

In the November issue, we talked about the unique fit-complex of the fund for the development of innovations and modernization in medicine and sports "Heraklion", where different methods general physical training, and the emphasis is on crossfit, which is gaining momentum around the world. Following the CrossFit GERAKLION sports club, today we will talk about another component of the complex - the laboratory of sports medicine and physiology.

Any training process aimed at achieving a result necessarily requires scientific, methodological and medical support. in order to correctly manage the training process, the coach needs to evaluate a number of indicators reflecting the performance and health of the athlete. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a medical examination at a certain frequency, as well as to regularly monitor the functional state of the athlete.

That is why in the FIT-complex of the Heraklion Foundation in close proximity to sports club CrossFit GERAKLION created a laboratory for sports medicine and physiology. It is designed to be maintained as professional athletes and people who are fond of sports and have made it a major part of their leisure time.

The laboratory is unique in its equipment and applied methods. We have at our disposal modern, high-tech devices for medical and functional diagnostics.

Another feature of the laboratory is that it has a full-fledged training base and a sports nutrition restaurant, which undoubtedly allows a more detailed approach to the study of physical activity and human health.

There are three main areas of work of the laboratory:

diagnostics of the state of health;

medical and biological support for professional and amateur sports;

research work in the field of sports and physical culture.

HEALTH DIAGNOSTICS

Within the framework of this direction, full-scale research is carried out in the laboratory. cardiovascular systems s and the musculoskeletal system, as well as an integral assessment of the state of health in general.

For non-invasive assessment of health status, the integrated monitoring system "SIMONA 111" is used. The system allows you to simultaneously evaluate a number of important physiological indicators: central and peripheral hemodynamics, parameters of respiration and gas exchange, body temperature, brain activity, and metabolic rate. Comprehensive diagnostics of the state of the cardiovascular system is carried out on the systems of electrophysiological and ultrasound diagnostics of the expert class of GE: MAC 800, SEER 12, CASE, LOGIQ E9.

This diagnosis allows you to quickly and accurately examine the patient for the most common diseases: atherosclerosis, heart defects, coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, heart rhythm disturbances and others.

Studies of the condition of the musculoskeletal system in the laboratory are carried out on a digital dual-energy absobtiometer (densitometer) of an expert class Lunar Prodigy from GE. Osteodensitometry is the main tool for determining bone mineral density and predicting the risk of fractures.

An additional function of this device is the ability to determine the composition of the body. Today, dual energy absorptiometry is considered the most advanced technology in such studies.

If necessary, it is possible to carry out digital radiography on a mobile GE Optima XR device. This device has an ultra-low radiation load and makes it possible to carry out "field" research, obtaining high quality images.

PACS SYSTEM

The PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) telemedicine system is installed in the laboratory of sports medicine and physiology.

This system unites all laboratory diagnostic devices into a single digital archive and allows specialists to exchange medical information while in different parts the globe.

With the help of this equipment, the specialist also has the opportunity to remotely, online, monitor the condition of the athlete during training and, if necessary, promptly adjust or stop the load.

This technology makes it possible to significantly improve the quality of diagnostics and makes it possible to provide highly qualified assistance to specialists from leading medical centers in the world and significantly save patient costs.

MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SPORTS

One of the main directions of the laboratory's work is the medical and biological support of athletes of various specializations.

Within the framework of this direction, a comprehensive diagnostics of sports performance is proposed, which includes the determination of the functional state of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, speed-strength and aerobic capabilities of muscles, analysis of body composition and much more.

Athletic performance in different types sport depends not only on the functional state of the central physiological systems, but also on the state of the executive apparatus, namely on the specific anatomical links and muscles that perform the main work in this sport.

With this in mind, in order to obtain reliable data when testing various specializations in the laboratory, three load modules are presented:

treadmill HP COSMOS;

bicycle ergometer for footwork Lode Excalibur Sport;

bicycle ergometer for work with hands Lode Brachumera Sport.

In terms of developed power, measurement accuracy and safety level, this equipment fully meets the requirements of professional sports. Each of the load modules is equipped with modern system for gas exchange analysis Quark CPET and 12-channel electrocardiographic system of the Italian company Cosmed. The athlete's muscle and body fat percentage, as well as bone mineral density, are measured using a GE Lunar Prodigy densitometer. Today it is the most modern method body composition analysis.

Based on the results of medical and functional testing, the health status and level of performance of the athlete are determined. Based on these data, the limiting factors of the growth of the sports form are revealed and recommendations are given on the use of certain loads, and the effectiveness of the training process is also assessed.

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORK IN THE FIELD OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL CULTURE

Modern professional sports and health-improving physical culture in Russia are in great need of methodological support from fundamental and applied science. Often, the success of teams, clubs or representatives of individual sports is dictated by the practical experience of a particular coach or the talent of the "stars".

In domestic teaching aids on sports training empiricism continues to dominate and the latest achievements of biomedical sciences are not used. However, it is quite obvious that for the formation of modern sports theory it is necessary to work at the intersection of pedagogical and biomedical sciences. This approach is implemented in the laboratory of sports medicine and physiology of the Heraklion Foundation.

In addition to a wide range of modern diagnostic techniques in the laboratory itself, the FIT-complex has its own training base for conducting "field" research and experimental data verification. All this makes it possible to carry out a full-fledged research work in the field of physical culture, sports and medicine. Based on this, the Heraklion Foundation sets itself the task of combining the latest achievements in medicine, information technology and practical sports experience into a single technology aimed at increasing the efficiency and maintaining the health of athletes and thereby contribute to the formation of modern theory and methods of physical education.