Very often in front of gardeners and utilities, the issue of disposal of household garbage in the form of various shrubs, bombs and trunks from trees is arising. If large waste of wood is possible to cut and use in wood furnaces, then other trees remnants are simply emitted or burned. With tightening environmental requirements, such a type of disposal began to give birth to a lot of issues from the relevant public services that began to impose penalties for the perpetrators. The emergence of the mechanisms in the market, grinders of branches, made it possible to solve all these issues.
Waste waste disposal mechanically
The process is the wiring of cut trunks of trees and bumps through the nozzle of the chopper branches equipped with a disk or a rotor with knives. As a result, it turns out a wood mass (mulch).
Advantages of this type of processing wood waste:
- The legality of this method of recycling. Ellipment in the garbage containers of this type of waste not approved by communal servicesAnd the reset in the wrong place can lead to fine. It is prohibited and burning garbage.
- Getting excellent fertilizer. For a separate gardener - unacceptable generosity to endure biological waste from the garden. Thus, the depletion of their land.
The use of artificial fertilizers is not as effective as natural components. Using the crusher for chopping wood waste, it is possible to get excellent component of the compost fertilizer. Groceries and garden tracks are sprinkled with chopped wood sawdust.
Business also learned to extract profits from grinding waste in the form of shrubs, borties and other plant components, receiving various formulations Organic fertilizers.
The disadvantages include the price for the crushing apparatus for chopping waste from trees treatment. Although it is worth noting that by saving on fertilizer, it is possible to recoup the cost of chopper branches, not to mention business projects for the sale of additives to fertilizers.
Types of crushers for grinding bits and branches
There are two main most commonly used chopper mechanisms:
- autonomous (gasoline or diesel);
- electric.
The advantages of the shredder on a combustible fuel should be attributed to the autonomy of production. In the presence of fuel it will work at any distance from power supplies.What has great importance For work in large areas and in removal from electrified settlements.
Gasoline choppers branches are more powerful and allow processing volume about 70 mm.
The disadvantage is noise and exhaust toxic substances. Although modern technologies Run these problems to a minimum. It is also worth noting more complex maintenance.
Shredding on the electrical apparatus allows you to work with much smaller noisethan on gasoline. There are no harmful emissions. In addition, it is much easier by weight.
The price of electrical models of the shredder below gasoline, like power. But the trunks of the trees are about 40 mm completely in the teeth of the electric rig.
The main drawback is attachment to the power source. Failures in the power grid and the lack of voltage make useless use electrical model Shredder.
Types of knives used in choppers branches
For engines shredders much of importance are cutting mechanisms Devices. We note three types of knives:
Power of crushing mechanisms Grinding branches
Power of an aggregate - important component when processing branches. In addition to the thickness of the grilled branches, the volume of processing and the duration of the uninterrupted operation of the shredder depend on it.
Not all consumers need powerful mechanisms of branches of branches, so the manufacturer highlights the devices for various groups of destinations:
- unprofessional (amateur;
- semi-professional;
- professional.
Models of non-professional branches of non-professional levels do not have a big power (in the area of \u200b\u200b1.6 kW). Capable to grind branches up to 30 mm. Work on electric motors. Completely can serve garden plot With new plantations.
Second-level models have a capacity of 2.6 kW. May be gasoline and electric. Credit with branches up to 40 mm.
Professional crushers are distinguished increased power up to 8 kW. Equipment weight up to 100 kg. Work on gasoline engines. Allow to grind branches up to 75 mm.
What is guided by choosing a branch chopper?
For an amateur gardener, there is no need to acquire a professional chopper. With a permanent power supply enough to buy a simple model Grinding branches.
If there are old shrubs plantings, which are planned to be cut, it is desirable to purchase more powerful models of crushers.
For utilities and entrepreneurs, professional models of shredders will be suitable.
In addition to power and power sources, you should pay attention to the design of the shredder knives. Since various devices of cutting planes allow you to get crushed wood waste different sizeslike small sawdust and small chips.
Additional features of crushers
Household models of grinders of branches, in addition to crushing bans, small tree trunks, can grind and other organic trash: Grass, chip, various plants. This is especially relevant after the end of the crop crop crops: tomato, cucumbers, etc. Processed and used seedlings serve as excellent components for compost and cargo care in the garden.
What to pay attention to when working on choppers branches?
All mechanisms of this type require special care and proper use in accordance with the documentation. The main thing is that it is necessary to pay special attention to not spoil the mechanism:
- disposable items must be no more provided for by the manual of the chopper of the processed volume;
- prevent stones, plastics, fabrics, glass, etc.;
- do not process shrubs, roots with the ground on the root system;
- for the smallest wear of the shredder, it is preferable to handle fresh wood waste.
Safety requirements when working on a shredder
All works on crushing bans and branches must be produced in protective glasses or mask. Depending on the power of the chopper, the branches can fly sins, so it is desirable to close the face and head completely.
The gloves on the hands must be tightly fits and not crawling out. It is necessary to dress so that parts of the clothes could not get into the mechanism of chopper branches. Do not correlate with the engine running stuck items.
Grinder of branches required in the farm tool. Price simple models Allows you to purchase almost everyone. Currently, its broad introduction to all personal farms. And only the lack of information about its advantages does not allow it everywhere.
It is possible to predict that in the near future, the shredder will become an indispensable object of gardening inventory of any farm.
Improving environmental requirements for production on logging and woodworking enterprises makes equipment for grinding wood relevant and profitable. As a result of grinding wood waste, raw materials are obtained for mDF production, Arbolite plates, briquettes or pellets for the heating of private houses. Separately, the effectiveness of the use of grinders on logging defensions should be selected, because Heaps of busty, thinner and other not condition is disposed of on site.
Stankalles-Trade offers a wide range of wood choppers, which are selected depending on:
- Requirements for the quality of chips or crushed wood;
- The composition of raw materials (waste) and their volumes;
- Directions for further processing.
In practice, the technique of building cars with different type Grinding in line, which allows to obtain a product with high consumer properties.
Types of grinders
At the first stage of the processing of woodworking waste, pinching machines are used. By type, these cars differ on:
- Drumbody drumswhich are suitable for processing wood waste and low-grade wood with a wide range of sizes.
- Disco-caring, With 3 ... 4 movable knives, fixed on a disk with grooves. The process of cutting occurs during the movement of the disk and the passage of the movable knife, fixed on the disk relatively fixed counterpart. The size of the chips fraction is regulated by the knife blade extension relative to the disc plane, which is basic.
- The greatest productivity is possessing monosal and twin shredders For wood with disk knives. Schroeder can process pallets in chip, cable coils, etc., which can be with nails. The chip has low quality and further processing requires magnetic separation to remove metal.
Deep chips recycling involves grinding to size 5 ... 12 mm. For this apply hammer crusher wood or a stroke machine that has a large number of knives or disks with teeth. The feed in the cutting zone is conducted from the bunker under its own weight or with a carriage with a drive.
The hammer crusher crushes the chip with the help of plates (hammers), which are fixed on the rotor and have some degree of freedom. Hammers fly over the sieve and crush chip.
In some models of pomprobills on the rotor, except for chopping knives, we set crushing hammers chip. At the bottom of the machine, a sieve is installed that calibrates chip desired size. Such a layout reduces the dimensions of the machine and allows you to get better raw materials.
Cover of chopper equipment for wood
Today there are many devices that greatly facilitate daily concerns about the garden and the house. It will not be superfluous and with your own hands to make such a device can almost everyone. With the help of such an aggregate, you can grind solid items.
Of course, someone will fit the b / y tree crusher. Rent of such an aggregate, however, will be no cheaper than creating a device with your own hands. Very often, the crusher is used to grind plastic, domestic garbage, wood and stones, as well as to crush items from metal.
What are the crushers
Conditionally crushers shared on the type of use. They can be grinding:
- plastics;
- household garbage;
- tree;
- metal;
- stone.
In addition, the crusher is classified in size. The unit may be small - 0.02 m, medium - 0.1 m and large crushing - 0.3 m.
Based on features, devices are:
How to work homemade unit
Recently, the resulting crusher for wood used "Avito". However, this is not a universal unit. If desired, you can do homemade device. To collect it, it is worth understanding the principle of action of such a device.
A homemade crusher is working like a conventional meat grinder. The principle is quite simple. First, the material passes through the drum - the receiving bowl, and then falls into the crushing system, where it is very quickly crushed. The branch that grinds the garbage consists of several cutters and cutters. In this case, the productivity of the unit directly depends on the power. However, this indicator should not be more than 2.6 kW. It is such a power that has a wood crusher (used or new - no essence is important).
What you need to work
To create a wood crusher, the following materials will be required:
Wood Crusher do it yourself
Making drawings - this is the first thing to do. Otherwise, you can get confused and incorrectly assemble the aggregate. Only after that you can start collecting the entire design.
All saws should be installed on the already prepared axis. Thes of them must correspond to the size of the cutters. After installation, the discs must be fixed using nuts and washers. This should take into account some features of the structure. Between the saws should be thin washers. They will not allow the disks to cover each other by the edge. At the same time, the amount of washers should be 1 less than the amount of saw.
When the axes are fixed, and the discs are separated, the pulley should be installed. If there is no such detail at hand, it can be taken from the car generator of domestic production. To rotate normally normally, it is worth using several bearings, the diameter of which is 2 cm.
Making framework
Almost ready crusher for wood. You can make it possible to make a frame for an aggregate. This will require proftrube. They should be prepared in advance. To make a frame, proftrubby need to be welded. Now you need to strengthen the design. For this, there are several profiles inside the frame. This will increase the fastening of the grinding unit and the bunker.
A metal sheet should be welded to the finished frame, and then make holes in it intended for fastening the drum and motor. So that the crusher stood more steadily, it is worth the 4 legs.
Now you need to install the disk that provides the belt tension. It should be positioned so that the disks are fluently moving. Such a placement will allow you to freely adjust the belt.
So, how the crusher for wood is created with their own hands. Make a housing and connect saws - it is half of the case. Now it is necessary to wear a casing disc. Above the cutting unit is worth fixing the bunker. That's all. Aggregate is ready.
What is worth considering
Now you know how the tree crusher is done with their own hands. Making an aggregate is not really as easy as it may seem at first glance. There are several nuances that it is worth considering:
In conclusion
This is how the tree crusher looks like. How to sit such an aggregate? It is easy if you know how to draw drawings correctly and work with tools. Of course, in the absence of experience, some difficulties may arise. It is worth noting that the crusher created by the instructions, which is described above, is ideal for grinding not only fallen foliage and small garbage, but also for household waste, and for wood.
This design is considered longer and reliable thanks to the saws installed horizontally. As for factory models, here the grinding system is fixed vertically. With this location, the saws must be constantly monitoring the wetness of garbage and stems. Otherwise, the unit will quickly break. In addition, when making a crusher for a tree, you can independently select the engine with the desired power indicator and the desired amount of saw.
Most shredders are designed to work with high-quality wood, therefore, thick twisted trunks and branches are seriously processed.
Anyone who fell along with the wood nail inflicts them so serious damage that further work is possible only after repair.
In contrast to these devices, Schröder initially designed to work in difficult conditions - It will shut out wood with twisted fibers without any problems, and a small metal fragment or a bullet in most cases will not harm him in most cases.
During the rotation, the shaft with its hooks (knives) gears and drags it to the jackhaft knife.
As it approaches the jacking knife, sometimes called a counterpart, the gridden woodwork takes such a position in which further movement or even the rotation is impossible.
When it happens, the hooks begin to crush the wood, bowing big pieces from her. Having achieved a counterpart hooks perform the function of scissors and cut the debris Woods on sides of a certain size.
Then, all shredded wood either enters a hammer crusher, where further grinding occurs, or flies out.
Due to the low (200-300 rpm) velocity of the rotation of the shaft and a huge torque, the shredder is easy to crush the wood of any breed, and also cuts too thick metal parts.
Due to the fact that the hooks move pretty slowly, when meeting with details of non-solid varieties, they do not get serious damage. But this is exactly what is the most frequent cause breakdowns of chopper of other models.
Shafts are made of high-alloyed steel with high strength, and also hardened different waysThanks to which the item gets high strength.
Varieties
These shredders available in:
- the number and design of the shafts;
- wood feed method.
Number and design of shafts
The most popular single and twin models of shredders are most popular. In a single model, the shaft works in conjunction with the bubbling knife, and in two-channel devices both shaft are both shafts both shafts and jackhammers.
Two-room devices are more expensive and more difficult, but have a higher productivity. However, they are more difficult to adjust the dimensions and shape of chips.
On single devices Most often the shaft is made in the form of a blank (cylinder), to which knives are fixed with bolts.
Such a design is complicated in the manufacture, but more maintainable - if knives are damaged, it is enough to unscrew the secret bolts and replace them.
On two-robes Schroeders are used composite shafts made from hexagonal shaft and replaceable nozzles. Half nozzles are equipped with knives, the second half is less than in diameter and performs a counterpart function. In case of damage to one or more knives we will have to repair both shafts, then disassemble them and change damaged items.
For the manufacture of shallow chips, type set shafts are used, in which the thickness of each nozzle is 5-10 mm. The gap between the nozzles of both shafts is tenths or hundredths of MM, and the greater the thickness of the nozzles, the smaller the clearance.
This is due to the fact that splitting up Woods leads to the heating of the shaft, Moreover, thin parts are heated faster, and therefore they have higher temperature expansion.
Sometimes, composite shafts are collected with a small shift on each nozzle, due to which the overall shift over the entire length of the shaft is 5-25 degrees. This design is better suitable for grinding curved wood.
Wood feed method
In Schröderh apply 3 methods of filing:
- the upper load at which the wood is pressed against the shafts by their own weight and weighing slices lying above it;
- the gear (gear), at which rotating gears gears wood and pushed it to knives;
- press (pusher), in which wood to knives pushes a special plate connected to hydraulic, electrical or crank drive.
Top download use only the cheapest shredders, because she can not create sufficient pressure for fast processing Woods, which is why performance is reduced.
The lack of sufficient pressure leads to the fact that a piece of wood is constantly turning until it takes such a position at which a further turn will be interfered with both the shaft and a counter.
Despite some flaws, this way of supplying wood is becoming increasingly popular. The reason for the growth in popularity is that such shredders are easier to load with the help of technology, because it is enough to fall asleep into the receiving bunker trimming, and the rest will make the power of gravity.
Often top download combined with a pusherThanks to which it is possible to eliminate the main disadvantage of the press feed - a restriction on the height of the press. Excess wood during the movement of the press will rise through the Bunker, and after his return it will take the liberated place.
Tog feed
Seamless feed system Woods provides constant pressuresufficient to effectively grind any wood. The gear gears are made in the form of shafts, the length of which is equal to the width of the space intended for the movement of wood.
Due to this, the grinding wood receives the impulse of the progressive movement, regardless of the place in which it is located.
In some schirdors, the height of the space for the movement of wood exceeds the size of the protruding of the shaft, therefore they provide the redistribution of the gridden material.
For this, the mobility of the last feed gear installed in front of the grinding shaft is limited to the height of this shaft, so that the bottom layer of wood passes first under it, then after its completion, the upper one passes.
Such a system allows you to upload pretty large volumes of grinding materialBut it works well only with logs and branches.
Usually such a feed system connect to a separate electric motor Through a powerful gearbox with a large gear ratio.
However, there are models where the grinding shaft and the feed system are connected to one motor.
Among themselves all gears are connected by a chain transmission, due to which the rotation speeds create huge torque.
Most often, this drive is used where it is necessary to grind not waste, but non-color round wood, so there were no widespread such shredders. After all, such a drive greatly increases the price of the already very expensive aggregate for grinding wood.
Pusher
Pusher Apply on shredders of small performance intended for grinding wooden material small sizes, for example, cheat wood, trimming trunks and branches or parts of the chipboard, MDF and other wood.
Regardless of the type of drive he creates such pressurethat provides fast grinding Woods, because the time is not spent on waiting for the classes of the right position.
However, the same limits the return rate of the pusher in its original state. After all, you have to choose a balance between speed and pressure, so the return time is 1-2 seconds.
Such submission systems always work from a separate electric motor, After all, there is always the likelihood that too hard wood will fall, which Schroeder will not be able to grind over the usual time.
If the feed system and the shaft of the shredder will be connected to a common motor, then it can lead to its complete stop. If the engines are different, then in such a situation, the load on the engine of this system is sharply increasing, which can be compensated in various ways.
For example, use the principle of automotive clutch, at which a large load leads to slipping discs relative to each other. In the feed system with hydraulic drive The same function can perform bypass valve.
In S. systems electrical drive Automation reduces current strength, which disappears and excessive pressure on wood.
The essential minus of this system is limited amount of materialwhich can be downloaded to them.
Excess this amount will lead to the encoding of the feeding mechanism, because for maximum efficiency it is necessary that the top layer of wood does not exceed the level of the top edge of the shaft or shafts.
Therefore, the excess of the amount of wood will lead to the fact that some of them will be strengthened into the housing and the cause of the encamination. Because of this, such systems are used only in the shaders of small performance.
Advantages and disadvantages of these aggregates for chopping wood
The main advantage shredders of this type in that they suitable for processing any, including metals containingWoods. With proper configuration of all shredder mechanisms, it is from any wood produces technological chipswe told about.
Therefore, the wood is crushed with its help can be applied for any purpose, with the exception of manufacturing, because it does not meet the requirements of the arbolite chip. You can read more about chips for arbolit and equipment to get it here (chips for arbolit).
Change shape and chip size
To obtain chips from trunks and branches better fit devices with gear drive. When the trunks are submitted entirely, the wood comes into contact with the knives, because of which the knives not only crush it, but also immediately separated along the border of the annual rings. As a result, the chip is obtained short, thin and narrow.
If the trunks and branches are pre-cut into pieces, the length of which is equal to or slightly less than the length of the shaft, then the knives begin not to crush the wood, but to divide the fibers, which is why ships is wide and quite thick.
Top Download devices It is better suitable for grinding small-sized waste. When processing long trunks or suitable over the length of trimming, which move down parallel to the shafts, the chips are the same as described above.
However, small-sized trimming falls in different ways, so the shape and size of the chips are also obtained different.
It is also happening in the shaders with the press feed, where the feed press is constantly moving to the shaft, then from it.
therefore change the size and shape of chips In the shredders with the top and press feed almost impossible.
However, in the shaders with a toothed feed, both feed rate and the frequency of rotation of the shaft can be changed. Increasing the feed rate, as well as an increase in the rotational speed of the shaft, leads to a decrease in the chip size, and the decrease leads to an increase in size.
Popular models and their prices
We did not turn on the price of shredders in the table, because their value directly depends on the configuration directly, which is why the same model of the shredder, but in different configurations, can differ significantly at the price.
In addition, many manufacturers and intermediaries offer the manufacture of shredders for specific requirements, so that with minimal cost it is possible to obtain maximum efficiency.
| Model | Characteristics and a brief description | Manufacturer site or seller |
| Untha LR1000 | Austrian monitant machine, suitable for grinding any wood waste. Equipped with a hydraulic pusher. Finished chip from the machine removes auger drive. Equipped with various systems protection, as well as reverse shaft. Thanks to the electromagnetic sensors, the shaft stops if a metallic object hit the bunker. Productivity 2-6 m3 per hour, weight 2.4 tons. | www.stanki.ru. |
| Vecoplan. SERIES VAZ. | Supred Industrial Shredders of Great Performance. Suitable for grinding any wood waste. The size of the finished chip is 10-100 mm (depends on the size of the sieve and settings). The maximum capacity is 18 tons per hour. | alforest.ru. |
| RPM-2/6 | Two-room apparatus of small performance with upper backfill. Maximum performance when working without sieve - 1 t / h. When the sieve is installed, the performance decreases, and the less the hole, the stronger the performance decrease. | www.bmpa.ru. |
| Wagner WS 70. | A single unit with a hydraulic controlled pusher and top loading. If the resistance of the pusher movement becomes too big, it automatically departs, allowing the grinding items to change its position, then presses them again to the gear shaft. | www.shredder.su. |
| Piranha 2-76 | Two-walled shredder with a unique arrangement of shafts and general counterpart. All parts of the grinding mechanism are made of instrumental steel. Equipped with top boot without drive. | productCenter.ru. |
Usually you come to the cottage, but to work. But even such work it seems not so difficult far away from the urban bustle. Especially if you thought about everything and acquired the necessary villages. If not, this article is just for you. Let's talk about how to independently assemble the chopper of the wood and that it will be needed for this. Difficult, actually nothing, you will need a little tool, material and, of course, patience.
General information and information
With confidence, we can say that a similar chopper is a double benefit for the owner. Why? - you ask. First, there is no need to light big bonfires and carry branches to them. Secondly, the resulting chip can be used in the future. For what purpose? Heating, flooring for poultry and much more. As for how to make wood chopper with their own hands, then it does not need to invent a bicycle. We just take the drawings of the factory product and try to repeat it in your workshop using materials available to us. It is worth noting that if you acquire the factory equipment, it will cost it very expensive.
Beginning of work
First of all, you must take care of the manufacture of the cutting disk. It should be durable and massive, installed in the car body. In addition, the design involves the presence of a powerful drive that will rotate knives.
As a base for a disk, we take a metal circle with a diameter of about 30 cm and a thickness of 1.6 cm. It is on it that the knives will be attached, it will also perform the role of the flywheel in our car. If the suitable disk does not find, we are engaged in searching for old wheels, couplings, etc. In the extreme event you have to order a finished product. In the center of the wheel make grooves and hole. In the edges cut out the slot. Their number must correspond to the number of knives on the disk.
Homemade wood chopper
The next important step is to process the place for the installation of knives. Regardless of their quantity there are holes symmetrically. As for the attachment, it is best to use the hexagon bolts with a secret head. During the attachment, they are easier to hold, as a result of long-term operation, it does not destroy the seating opening, which is extremely important. Next, it is necessary to mount the radial bar from the installed knives. It is needed to pushing the chips resulting from processing.
Now you can proceed to the manufacture of the unit of the unit. It is necessary to do it from steel with a thickness of at least 5-6 mm. From the sheet it is necessary to cut two identical details. They are a circle, the diameter of which is 5 cm exceeds the diameter of the flywheel. To make a narrow wall, you need to bend the metal sheet so that it repeats the cross-section of the side walls. It is important to ensure that the flywheel can rotate freely. In principle, we have almost made the chopper of the wood with their own hands, there are several strokes.
Assembling the unit of the aggregate
At this stage we can not do without availability welding machine. If you do not know how to use them, it is desirable to invite a specialist, a friend or friend. At the first stage, the side wall is welded to the back. After that, check whether the clearance between the flywheel and walls is correct. In case of error, it will have to do everything in a new one that is quite laborious. If everything is done correctly, we weld the entire design. It is necessary to do it carefully, because during operation the framework will take serious vibrations.
Now you need to take care of the organization of attachment of the upper plate. To do this, in barrels you can make holes with a thread or drill through a hole under long studs. With any scenario in the lid, and the bottom plate is made through the drive shaft. Here we have practically and produced wood chopper. The price of such a product will not be very high. The accurate unit will cost approximately 10,000 rubles, and homemade in 3-4 thousand. All you need to buy is a sheet metal, drive and if necessary shaft with a disc. With any scenario, it is two times cheaper than the factory product.
Final stage of work
It is clear that the drive shaft will work in the bearing. To do this, the corresponding hole must be made in the lower wall-plate. The bearing is necessary in our case stubborn, if you select any other, collapses too quickly. Another part that was not said in this article - the manufacture of the receiver branches. To do this, in the upper plate, cut the hole of the suitable diameter. It is important to make a small angle, under which the branches will be served on the knives. In this case, the flywheel itself will delay the branches, which must be achieved.
Before assembling and installing, you can paint parts, and metal surfaces are additionally treated against corrosion. Do not forget that the greatest load will have to be on the bearing installed under the flywheel. Its height should be somewhat more than the thickness of the planks. In general, the unit is fully ready for work.
Afterword
When assembling it is recommended to use the wood chopper drawings given in this article. This will help maximize the framework, disk and other important machine components. You can also sketch your own sketch, which you will be guided in the process of assembly work.
The body of the product is fully ready. Install it on a pre-prepared welded frame. It is desirable that she was on the wheel chassis, which will allow you to comfortably move the unit from place to place. As for the engine, it is easy to pick it up. We do not need a powerful 3-phase motor. This, by the way, may be gasoline engine. Its capacities should be enough to bring the flywheel rotation through belt transmission. In general, the main task of the motor in our case is to promote the flywheel, which in the future thanks to the forces of inertia will grind branches in the chip. Well, that's all on this topic. Now you can take on the drawing and proceed to the practical part, that is, the direct assembly of the unit.