One of the most important stages in the construction of any building is the installation of embedded parts. This procedure precedes the start of concreting and further ensures the integrity and stability of the structure.
In compliance with all safety requirements, it is of particular importance, since it is they who perform the functions of connecting elements for the building.
Features of the manufacture of embedded parts
Most often, elements for insertion into the structure before concreting have standard shapes and sizes. That is why the production of embedded parts is carried out on the basis of standard designs and drawings. One of the requirements for a construction project is a list of used metal structures and their specific names.
For a more accurate understanding of customer requirements, embedded parts have symbols:
If necessary, these elements can be made according to your drawings and individual sizes, but the cost of such products will be higher.
The production of embedded parts is carried out from metal sheets. Depending on the specific element, the thickness of the material can be from 2 to 200 mm. Anchor bolts are made from special reinforcement and rods.
In order for the parts to ensure the integrity of the entire building, the following work must be performed for their manufacture:
- reinforcing and metal bending,
- cutting (for example, plasma) metal,
- knurling and threading,
- primer,
- welding,
- edge processing.
The final steps are corrosion inhibitor coating and specification marking.
What are embedded parts for?
The production of embedded parts is in great demand today, since these elements are necessary in the construction of various buildings and structures. For example, they will help to securely install heat exchangers or tanks, aluminum profiles or facades.
Also, embedded parts are used when fastening:
- various reactors,
- telephone masts,
- crane runways.
They are used to install:
- technological equipment,
- fire and mortgage ladders,
- searchlight masts,
- columns and fences.
Installation is carried out with the help of embedded parts:
- various structures (bearing and enclosing),
- louvered and metal grilles,
- hydraulic structures, etc.
What are the embedded parts?
Usually, the production of embedded parts is carried out of two types:
- closed,
- open.
You can also choose the most suitable shape for you: the elements differ according to the ratio of the anchor bolts to the metal plate.
Then they can be divided into parts with a bar arrangement:
- oblique,
- mixed,
- perpendicular,
- parallel.
Elements with a thread on the rod belong to a separate class.
Material for the production of embedded parts
Another basis for classification is the material from which the parts are made.
Most often these are different types of steel:
- channel,
- round,
- strip,
- corner.
In order for the builders to correctly install the parts, their location is indicated immediately on the drawing. Then the workers will only have to fasten them with bolts or welding.
The North-West Plant is engaged in the production of embedded parts.
Click to listen
What are embedded parts and where are they used ?. No building is unthinkable without a solid frame. ... To strengthen the strength of structures cast from concrete, special metal products are used in the manufacture of the frame, which are placed in the mold before the pouring process begins. These products are called embedded parts, and they are used for various purposes in construction. Types of embedded parts. Among the variety of embedded parts, the following products stand out: Reinforcing embedded parts. In their manufacture, reinforcement and wire are used. With this combination, the reinforcement can deform, but the wire does not allow it to break. The construction becomes more robust. Formwork embedded parts. They are used to protect the concrete product from the effects of various external factors, since they are not removable. Technological embedded parts. Their role is played by various seals for technological holes, door frames, guides and other structures. Embedded foundations are used where other parts will be mounted to the structure. Most often, metal plates and molds with fittings welded to them are used as embedded foundations. Where are embedded parts used? As noted above, embedded parts are widely used in construction, since they serve as a frame that increases the strength of the entire building. In addition, such parts are used when installing lampposts. Parts of such a frame can be connected to each other "tightly", or fixed with bolts. Accordingly, their fasteners can be open or closed. Also, all metal parts are usually treated with a special coating to increase their service life. Where can I buy? You can buy embedded parts in the quantity you need on the website of the St. Petersburg plant "Severozapad". The directory contains a large number of finished products, among which you can easily choose what you need. In the manufacture of parts, the workers of the Severozapad plant are guided by fundamental principles... They monitor the exceptional quality of raw materials, control the quality of products at all stages of their production. Thus, the probability of a marriage of the party is reduced to zero. In addition, the production process is constantly being optimized thanks to the work of engineers and designers. By ordering a batch of embedded parts on the site of the Severozapad plant, you can be sure that your order will be completed on time and the quality of work will be ideal. You can find out more about working conditions on the website www.zavodsz.ru.
No building is unthinkable without a solid frame.
To strengthen the strength of structures cast from concrete, special metal products are used in the manufacture of the frame, which are placed in the mold before the pouring process begins. These products are called embedded parts, and they are used for various purposes in construction.
Types of embedded parts.
Among the variety of embedded parts, the following products stand out:
- Reinforcing embedded parts. In their manufacture, reinforcement and wire are used. With this combination, the reinforcement can deform, but the wire does not allow it to break. The construction becomes more robust.
- Formwork embedded parts. They are used to protect the concrete product from the effects of various external factors, since they are not removable.
- Technological embedded parts. Their role is played by various seals for technological holes, door frames, guides and other structures.
- Embedded foundations are used where other parts will be mounted to the structure. Most often, metal plates and molds with fittings welded to them are used as embedded foundations.
Where are embedded parts used?
As noted above, embedded parts are widely used in construction, since they serve as a frame that increases the strength of the entire building. In addition, such parts are used when installing lampposts.
Parts of such a frame can be connected to each other "tightly", or fixed with bolts. Accordingly, their fasteners can be open or closed. Also, all metal parts are usually treated with a special coating to increase their service life.
Where can I buy?
You can buy embedded parts in the quantity you need on the website of the St. Petersburg plant "Severozapad". The catalog contains a large number of finished products, among which you can easily choose what you need.
The rock goes to the sky. There is a crack on the rock. I want to climb up and not kill myself. Traditional insurance is provided by mortgages. Let's start the classification of embedded elements with the classification of the cracks themselves.
So, there are cracks:
- vertical / horizontal / inclined
cracks are with pronounced tapering and with parallel smooth walls
Well, finally, cracks come in different widths and different depths.
And there are also caverns in the rock. For each type of cracks, any type of embedded elements is optimally suited.
Types of embedded elements.
There are not so many of them:
Stoppers
Stoppers are a truncated tetrahedral pyramid, usually with asymmetric and often curved edges, with a steel cable. Due to the asymmetric shape, the stoppers can be installed in a crack with a wide or narrow side. Stoppers are designed for relatively narrow cracks from 5 to 40 millimeters, with a pronounced narrowing. Microstopers with a size less than 5 mm can only be used as an artificial pivot point (AID). To install, the stopper must be inserted into wide part cracks and then wedge at the constriction. The constriction should be on the side of the expected load. Stoppers are ideal for vertical and inclined cracks with a pronounced taper towards the bottom. Stoppers are also suitable for cracks expanding inward, including horizontal ones. Stoppers are easy to install and remove and are very reliable when correct installation... An important advantage of stoppers is their low weight and volume. Set of ten stoppers different sizes weighs only 450 grams and takes up very little space in your backpack.
Eccentrics (hexes)
Eccentrics, or else they are called "hexes", have the shape of an asymmetric hexagonal prism. Due to its shape, the hexa can be placed in four different positions. Thus, one hex covers a fairly wide range of crack widths. Under load, the hexa tends to rotate around the central axis and thereby firmly wedges in the crack. Cracks with less pronounced narrowing are suitable for installing hexes than for stoppers. Minimum size the hex is 11mm, which in fact partially overlaps the stopper range. However, for narrow cracks, stoppers are more convenient. The most relevant hexes are large. The maximum size is 91mm. Hexes are available in two versions: with a guy line or with a steel cable. The version with a cable may be more convenient when installing and placing on the harness of the leader, but this is a matter of habit. As well as stoppers, hexes are easy to install and remove, and very reliable. In terms of weight and volume, hexes are only slightly smaller than the corresponding size of a friend, but much more convenient for transportation and placement on a harness.
Friends, camalots
A friend consists of:
- four movable spring-loaded cams installed on one axis;
flexible rod - handles made of a steel cable covered with a plastic sheath (in some models - two rods), to which a guy wire is attached;
control bar with rods driving the cam mechanism in motion.
Camalots differ from friends in that the working cams are mounted on two separate axles with two cams per axle. This increases the reliability of the structure and somewhat increases the working range along the crack width. When installed, all four cams can move independently of each other, which makes it possible to install friends in a crack with a complex wall surface shape. In addition, Omega Pacific offers Link Cam brands, in which each cam is divided into three parts. This allows you to significantly increase the working range and cover several numbers of ordinary friends with one friend.
Ideally, installing and removing friends is easy and convenient. He clenched the cams and inserted the device into the crack, released the cams and the device wedged securely in the crack. To extract - clenched his fists, and took out a friend. The beauty! But there are nuances ...
Firstly, due to the cam movement, a wide range of using a friend is achieved. However, the friend cannot be used in extreme positions. If the friend is set in a position close to the extreme opening, it will most likely fly out under load. If a friend is installed completely compressed, it will be extremely problematic or impossible to pull it out. A common situation on a climbing route - a leader inserts a friend into a narrow deep crack, for deeper reliability. In the depths, the crack is narrower and the friend gets stuck. And then the second participant spends half an hour to extract the ill-fated device from the crack. And even after long fruitless attempts, he states that it is impossible to extract a friend.
Secondly, in order to extract a friend, it is necessary, as already mentioned, to squeeze the fists, and to squeeze the fists, it is necessary to move the friend a little forward. Just a little bit! However, if during installation the friend is inserted into the crack all the way and there is no way to move the friend forward, it will be problematic to remove the friend from the crack.
And thirdly, friends have an unpleasant property to walk along cracks with parallel walls, for which they are actually intended. It happens like this. The leader pushed the friend into the crack in the correct position with the handle down and zipped in the brace. If the line of further movement goes to the side, and this happens often, the rope through the guy pulls the friend to the side and turns the handle to a horizontal position. In this case, the pair of cams remains in place, and the second pair, located closer to the rope, moves around the first two cams and steps a little deeper into the crack. Then a slack is formed in the tension of the rope, and under the influence of gravity, the friend again turns with the handle down, and now the first pair of cams takes a step a little deeper. During the leader's work, the tension and loosening of the rope is repeated many times, and with each cycle the friend becomes deeper and deeper. There can be several results of such walking. A friend can walk so deep that it will be impossible to reach the control bar, he can get stuck in a narrow place having taken an extreme position, he can run into a wall.
In all these cases, it will be problematic or impossible to extract a friend. On many popular routes, you can find forever jammed friends and cams. Left forever cams not only violate the pristine beauty of the mountains, but also painfully hit the wallet of the climber, since the cost of an average camalot is about three thousand rubles. And also, as a result of walking, a friend can fall into a wider place of a crack and simply fall out, which is not good at all. Therefore, if it is possible to set a stop or eccentric instead of a friend, I prefer simpler devices. If this is not possible, I carefully study the installation site for hidden traps, and fasten a long guy line so that the rope does not pull the friend to the side during the passage.
During installation different systems pipelines and various connections are used by builders embedded part... In order to make embedded parts in Tula, various steels are used. The production of such parts involves the use of sheet steel, strip steel, and reinforcement. These products can be of the most varied forms. Embedded part is a necessary element in monolithic construction.
Varieties of embedded parts.
1. Opened embedded part
This type of product is covered with a plate on only one side. This design is necessary for production purposes.
2. Closed embedded part
In the manufacture of a closed embedded part, two cover plates are used.
In any case, the embedded parts must have increased strength and resistance to corrosion. For the latter purpose, each part during production is coated with a special compound - galvanized. With such a coating, embedded parts can withstand external factors for a long time.
The installation method can be different. Parts can be welded by welding or embedded in a reinforced concrete structure.
The designation MH indicates that such products are metal and non-removable.
Embedded parts play a very important role in construction. These products determine how strong the finished structure will be.
Products are supplied to the construction market in finished form... It is also possible to make these parts to order. Modern production assumes the ability to use customer drawings for such purposes.
At correct installation long service life of this product can be guaranteed. Product quality also depends on the grade of steel from which it was made embedded part.
Also read:
At the stage of pouring reinforced concrete structures, most of them require an embedded part sunk into concrete in whole or in part. These elements are joined (welding, threaded connections) separate parts of the prefabricated foundation or attached to it flights of stairs, Wall panels, ceilings, other enclosing structures.
What are mortgages for?
Foundations are made of concrete; it is very difficult to join together, it is very difficult to attach two such products. Therefore, the embedded part is immersed in the concrete, a thread, a plate, and other seat remains on the surface. It is enough to weld these elements to each other to obtain complex spatial structures made of reinforced concrete. Mortgages are used for construction:
Practically the entire range of rolled metal products (circle, sheet, reinforcement, strip, channel, angle, bar) are used for the manufacture of mortgages.
Classification of embedded elements
To increase the strength, concrete structures are reinforced with wire meshes, rods of periodic, constant cross-section. These elements also refer to closed-type embedded parts. The classification is made according to the following characteristics:
Any embedded part must comply with GOST 10922-90, since they bear a significant load. For the foundation, an anchor rod or reinforcement A-III - A-II of class 25 - 8 mm in diameter is used. If the temperature in the region of operation falls below 30 degrees, plates are chosen from VSt3ps6 steels. In other cases, VSt3kp2 steel is used.
Anti-corrosion treatment consists of galvanizing, galvanizing, painting. At low loads, stamped ZDs are usually placed in reinforced concrete products. With an increase in shear, tearing forces, anchor rods welded to the plates are used.
Embedded manufacturing technology
When designing metal elements inside the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the nuances:
The embedded part of the stamped type is manufactured in accordance with the RS9903 album, developed by the leading designers of reinforced concrete: NIIZHB, MNIITEP. The sketches given in the album allow you to use ready-made schemes of the minimum possible reinforcement in the area of the SP location.
The project should include the smallest possible cross-sections of profile rolled products and fittings. To do this, part of the effort is distributed to stops made of strip steel or short bars.
Welded connections
To increase the adhesion of stamped SDs inside the concrete parts of the foundation, 6 cm hooks with two or more ledges are created at the ends of the strips. The rods are connected to the plates, shaped rolled products by welding in accordance with the requirements of GOST 19292:
- tee seam - manual or automatic submerged arc (in some cases, zigzag, relief surfacing), roller seams, contact-relief, in a carbon dioxide environment, semiautomatic
- inclined seam (joint) - submerged directly or in the end
- overlap joint - an extended seam, along two, one relief (manual arc, contact, respectively)
Relief-spot welding is prohibited for SPs used in concrete products that experience vibration loads during operation (for example, flights of stairs).
Places of installation, the use of embedded elements
The main operations of the construction of the foundation and other enclosing structures are:
For individual developers, the industry produces a range of embedded elements for monolithic foundations. The simplest modification of the anchor for fastening a wooden post has the following structure:
Embeddments for fastening gates, wickets to fence posts are made independently:
- plate - used for hanging sections, wicket hinges
- corner - connects the plate with shaped pipe armopoyas pillar
Homemade embedded elements are usually not calculated, they are made from scrap materials, immersed in concrete without binding with the armored belt of structures. Most often, an individual developer uses mortgages in the following operations:
For more serious reinforced concrete structures, buildings, it is necessary to purchase factory products with embedded parts. All of them undergo flaw detection, laboratory tests for permissible loads, have accompanying documentation, and manufacturer's warranty obligations.