Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God
The city of Mytishchi (Perlovskaya station).Perlovka is one of the oldest villages near Moscow summer cottages. According to legend, the first dachas here were built by tea merchant Vasily Alekseevich Perlov (1784-1869) from the forest of the dismantled palace of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna in the village. Taininsky. Vasily Alekseevich from 1816 to 1819 was a member of the Moscow City Duma from 1855 to 1858. director of the office Commercial Bank, from 1858 to 1868 member of the Moscow branch of the Commercial Council.
He founded the tea company "V. Perlov and his sons."
In 1858, the Perlovs had only one store, in 1897 - 88 stores in 53 cities, including one each in Vienna, Berlin, London and Paris.
In 1887, the 100th anniversary of the company was celebrated, and the Perlovs were elevated to hereditary nobility for the anniversary. The motto on their coat of arms is “Honor in Labor.”
In Perlovka in the 1880s. there were about 80 dachas.
IN late XIX V. the village was well-maintained, there was a post office, a telegraph, shops, and a summer theater in which Moscow troupes toured.
In October 1895 at the station. Perlovskaya laid the foundation stone for the Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God. It was built at the expense of Ivan and Nikolai Semyonovich Perlov and was designed by the architect Pyotr Pavlovich Zykov (1852-1899), who graduated from the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University in 1874, and from the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1877 with the title of class artist of the 1st degree. , later supervised the construction of houses and churches according to his father’s designs, and in 1889 he was appointed architect of the Moscow Trusteeship Committee for the Poor.
On May 6, 1897, on the birthday of Nicholas II, the temple was consecrated; N. Perlov sent a telegram about this to the emperor. At the end of the service, the invitees, among whom were the head of the Moscow province, Chamberlain A.G. Bulygin, Major General Count V.F. Keller, Chairman of the Board of the Yaroslavl Railway Savva Ivanovich Mamontov offered breakfast, served in the theater building, also built by the Perlov brothers.
Ivan Semyonovich Perlov, who had a farm near Moscow with herds of cattle of the best breeds and the best breeds of chickens, received a gold medal in the section “Agriculture” at the All-Russian Art and Industrial Exhibition. Nikolai Semyonovich from 1882 to 1885 was a guild elder, trustee of the people's canteen, a member of the Moscow Trusteeship Committee for the Poor, a member of the Board of Trustees for disadvantaged students, a member of the trusteeship for the poor of the Meshchansky district, a trustee of the Moscow City Petrovsko-Meshchansky School and the house of the primary school of the Moscow Zemstvo established by the Perlovs.
For his charitable activities, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd and 3rd class, St. Anne, 3rd class, and the Red Cross badge.
In 1880, he married noblewoman Maria Kozminichna Gusacheva, they had children Nikolai, Alexander, and Maria.
At the end of the 1930s. The temple was closed and rebuilt into a residential building during the war. Then the residents were evicted, and the abandoned building began to be dismantled for material.
In the early 1980s. only the foundation remained.
In 1994, the community of the Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God was registered, preparatory work for its restoration.
Near the Perlovskaya station, the church community is building an Orthodox cultural and educational center with a house church of the Holy Trinity.
On June 17, 2007, the parish of the Don Church celebrated its 110th anniversary. The festive celebrations on this occasion were led by Archbishop Gregory of Mozhaisk, who consecrated the lower aisle of the Trinity Church in honor of the Royal Passion-Bearers. Trinity Church was consecrated in 2004 and is part of the parish of the Don Church.
The Don Church in Perlovka was built in 1894-1896. designed by architect P.P. Zykov with the zeal of the Perlov nobles. In 1938, the temple was closed and converted into a residential building, and in 1981 it was finally destroyed.
On October 11, 1994, the newly created parish of the Don Church in Perlovka was registered. The first service was held on December 4, 1995, on the Feast of the Entry into the Temple Holy Mother of God, in a private house. Then services were held on the first floor two-story house on Nikolai Seleznev Street, 32; as well as in a military field tent.
On April 21, 1999, the parish was allocated land under the former Donskoy Church. At the site of the temple set on fire by attackers on the street. Seleznev decided to build an Orthodox cultural and educational center with a house church in the name of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity.
Source: http://www.mepar.ru/eparhy/temples/?temple=431
In 1894, on October 4, the hereditary nobleman Nikolai Semenovich Perlov turned to Metropolitan Sergius (Lyapidevsky) of Moscow with a petition in which he expressed his desire “... to build in Perlovka at his own expense, a non-parish wooden single-altar church in the name of the Don Mother of God for the sake of in order to provide summer residents with the opportunity to attend church services on holidays. ...I would ask that the future church in Perlovka be assigned to the local parish church in the village of Taininsky.” The construction department of the Moscow Provincial Board already next year and probably began to implement construction plan, and in 1896 it was completed. In any case, the 1897 guidebook reported: “...rich peasants living in Perlovka and the surrounding area help to maintain the splendor of the new temple, recently built near Perlovka.” On May 6, 1897, at 9 o’clock in the morning, “not far from Moscow along the Moscow-Yaroslavl railway, seventeen kilometers from the Kremlin... the consecration of water and the consecration of the Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God was carried out.”
The church project was developed by the architect Pyotr Pavlovich Zykov - Zykov the second, as he was called at that time. He was the son of Pavel Petrovich Zykov, one of the most famous Moscow architects. The wooden Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God was one of the most significant architectural works of P.P. Zykov II. It was a small one-domed tented church in the Russian style, belonging to the “octagon on a quadrangle” type, which was very common in medieval Rus'. In other words, the cubic volume of the main temple space was crowned with a small octagonal frame with a tent and a bulbous dome, covered in the ancient style with a wooden ploughshare. Belfry with bells by P.N. Finlandsky was built away from the temple.
The temple ceased to exist in the early 1980s. But until now no one can answer exactly when services stopped in the church. Upon reviewing the archival materials, it turned out that the Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God in Perlovka was closed by the Moscow Regional Executive Committee three times: in 1930, 1935, 1940. Special Effort Soviet power were attached in 1929-1930. In the Taininsky club “Proletary” there was a union of militant atheists, headed by a certain Sergeev.
The agitation was carried out in order to “close the church, ... the priest and deacon of the Perlovskaya church, the chairman executive body Afanasyev and other malicious churchmen should be evicted from the Mytishchi district, ... prayers by all religious associations should be closed.” The headquarters held an anti-religious demonstration and organized a collection of signatures for the closure of the temple. At this time, the priest of the Perlovskaya Church, Father Georgy Izvekov, was under investigation by the Cheka and, after long interrogations and torture, died at the Butovo training ground. In 2004, he was canonized as one of the holy new martyrs of Russia.
5 years later, in the documents of the Moscow Regional Executive Committee, a decree on the closure of the church in the village of Perlovka dated September 22, 1935 is again found. Perhaps the new campaign to close the church and reorganize it into a club is connected with the decision to build in Perlovka not far from the Donskoy Church high school on Moskovskaya Street (now Selezneva Street). But this decision was not the last. On August 23, 1940, the Executive Committee of the Moscow Region made a decision to close the Perlovskaya Church in the city of Mytishchi: “The building will be converted into a school,” “the religious objects will be dealt with in accordance with the resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR of April 8, 1925,” “the decision will be announced to the believers, explaining to them the procedure appeal within two weeks to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.” There has never been a school, a home of pioneers, or a cultural and educational club in the church building. From the end of 1940 to 1970, by decision of the Mytishchi executive committee, the iconic building was rebuilt and occupied by tenants. In 1981, the Donskaya Church was completely destroyed, only the brick foundation remained.
The current Orthodox parish in honor of the Don Icon of the Mother of God in Perlovka was re-established and registered on October 11, 1994. Its first rector after the revival was the late priest Anatoly Proskurnya. From December 4, 1995 to May 11, 1997, services were performed on the veranda of a private house on 1st Yaroslavsky Lane, building No. 5. Services in the revived parish began on December 4, 1995, on the feast of the Entry into the Temple of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In March 1997, at the request of the parish, the administration of the Mytishchi district allocated part of the house number 32 on Selezneva Street to the Perlovskaya Orthodox community. On May 18, 1997, the religious service was moved to the market square, to house number 32 on Selezneva Street. The altar was set up in a military field tent, and the parishioners prayed under open air. The second floor of the allocated part of house No. 32 was occupied by residents, and the temple community, with the consent of the district administration, began to improve the first floor, which was in an extremely neglected state. In parallel with the conduct of liturgical activities in the new building, the parish corresponded with the city authorities about the return of the land plot on which the Don Church was built 100 years ago. The Land Commission, by protocol No. 15 of June 23, 1998, made a positive decision to allocate the former site for the reconstruction of the temple.
A significant event was planned for May 30, 1999: the consecration of the foundation stone on the site where the Don Church previously stood.
By midnight from May 29 to May 30, everything was ready for the feast of the Most Holy Trinity and the solemn consecration of the foundation stone. The visit of the vicar of Metropolitan Juvenaly, His Eminence Gregory, Archbishop of Mozhaisk, was expected for the consecration of the stone. But that night, at about half past two, the building in which the church was located was set on fire by unknown attackers. Despite the fire, the community of the Don Church, led by rector priest Anatoly Proskurney, together with the administration of the Mytishchi district, began construction of the first stage of the building for the Orthodox cultural and educational center with a house church in honor of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity.
On August 1, 2003, a chapel was consecrated in honor of St. Seraphim of Sarov at the Donskaya Church, in which spiritual conversations, prayer services and akathists are held. On June 6, 2004, on the Sunday of All Saints, with the blessing of Metropolitan Juvenaly of Krutitsy and Kolomna, the consecration of the Trinity Church took place. The celebrations were led by Archbishop Gregory of Mozhaisk. On June 17, 2007, the parish of the Don Church celebrated its 110th anniversary. The festive celebrations on this occasion were led by Archbishop Gregory of Mozhaisk, who consecrated the lower aisle of the Trinity Church in honor of the Royal Passion-Bearers. This is one of the few churches that are consecrated in memory of the brutally tortured royal family.
While the restoration of the Don Church is at the design stage, a wooden church in the name of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious is being built on the territory of military unit No. 41427, located within the city of Mytishchi. Upon completion of construction, the temple will be able to accommodate about a hundred worshipers. It, along with the Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity and the chapel of St. Seraphim of Sarov, is also part of the parish of the Don Icon of the Mother of God.
In 1894, on October 4, the hereditary nobleman Nikolai Semenovich Perlov turned to Metropolitan Sergius (Lyapidevsky) of Moscow with a petition in which he expressed his desire “... to build in Perlovka at his own expense, a non-parish wooden single-altar church in the name of the Don Mother of God for the sake of in order to provide summer residents with the opportunity to attend church services on holidays. ...I would ask that the future church in Perlovka be assigned to the local parish church in the village of Taininsky.”
The construction department of the Moscow Provincial Board probably began to implement the construction plan as early as the next year, and in 1896 it was completed. In any case, the 1897 guidebook reported: “...rich peasants living in Perlovka and the surrounding area help to maintain the splendor of the new temple, recently built near Perlovka.”
On May 6, 1897, at 9 o’clock in the morning, “not far from Moscow along the Moscow-Yaroslavl railway, seventeen kilometers from the Kremlin... the consecration of water and the consecration of the Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God was carried out.” The church project was developed by the architect Pyotr Pavlovich Zykov (1852-1899) - Zykov the second, as he was called at that time. He was the son of Pavel Petrovich Zykov, one of the most famous Moscow architects. The wooden Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God was one of the most significant architectural works of P.P. Zykov II. It was a small one-domed tented church in the Russian style, belonging to the “octagon on a quadrangle” type, which was very common in medieval Russia. In other words, the cubic volume of the main temple space was crowned with a small octagonal frame with a tent and a bulbous dome, covered in the ancient style with a wooden ploughshare. Belfry with bells by P.N. Finlandsky was built away from the temple.
The temple ceased to exist in the early 1980s. But until now no one can answer exactly when services stopped in the church. Upon reviewing the archival materials, it turned out that the Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God in Perlovka was closed by the Moscow Regional Executive Committee three times: in 1930, 1935, 1940.
The Soviet government made special efforts in 1929-1930. At this time, an anti-religious campaign was underway in the Mytishchi district (Proletarskaya volost), and a competition in closing churches was announced. In the Taininsky club “Proletary” there was a union of militant atheists, headed by a certain Sergeev.
The agitation was carried out in order to “close the church, ... the priest and deacon of the Perlovskaya church, the chairman of the executive body Afanasyev and other malicious churchmen to be evicted from the Mytishchi district, ... prayers for all religious associations to be closed.” The headquarters held an anti-religious demonstration and organized a collection of signatures for the closure of the temple. At this time, the priest of the Perlovskaya Church, Father Georgy Izvekov, was under investigation by the Cheka and, after long interrogations and torture, died at the Butovo training ground for the faith of Christ. In 2004, he was canonized as one of the holy new martyrs of Russia. His memory takes place on November 27. Despite all the efforts of the union of militant atheists, people were able to preserve both their faith and their temple. 5 years later, in the documents of the Moscow Regional Executive Committee, a decree on the closure of the church in the village of Perlovka dated September 22, 1935 is again found. Perhaps the new campaign to close the church and reorganize it into a club is connected with the decision to build a secondary school in Perlovka, not far from the Donskoy Church, on Moskovskaya Street (now Selezneva Street).
But this decision was not the last. On August 23, 1940, the Executive Committee of the Moscow Region made a decision to close the Perlovskaya Church in the city of Mytishchi: “The building will be converted into a school,” “the religious objects will be dealt with in accordance with the resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR of April 8, 1925,” “the decision will be announced to the believers, explaining to them the procedure appeal within two weeks to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.” There has never been a school, a home of pioneers, or a cultural and educational club in the church building. From the end of 1940 to 1970, by decision of the Mytishchi executive committee, the iconic building was rebuilt and occupied by tenants. In 1981, the Donskaya Church was completely destroyed, only the brick foundation remained. The current Orthodox parish in honor of the Don Icon of the Mother of God in Perlovka was re-established and registered on October 11, 1994. Its first rector after the revival was the late priest Anatoly Proskurnya.
From December 4, 1995 to May 11, 1997, services were performed on the veranda of a private house on 1st Yaroslavsky Lane, building No. 5. Services in the revived parish began on December 4, 1995, on the feast of the Entry into the Temple of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In March 1997, at the request of the parish, the administration of the Mytishchi district allocated to the Perlovskaya Orthodox community part of the house No. 32 on Selezneva Street: by this time the number of parishioners had increased, and it became difficult to lead parish life on the small veranda of a private house. On May 18, 1997, the religious service was moved to the market square, to house number 32 on Selezneva Street. The altar was set up in a military field tent, and parishioners prayed in the open air. The second floor of the allocated part of house No. 32 was occupied by residents, and the temple community, with the consent of the district administration, began to improve the first floor, which was in an extremely neglected state. In parallel with the conduct of liturgical activities in the new building, the parish corresponded with the city authorities about the return of the land plot on which the Don Church was built 100 years ago. The Land Commission, by protocol No. 15 of June 23, 1998, made a positive decision to allocate a former plot of 0.4 hectares for the reconstruction of the temple.
Initially, a plot of land for the reconstruction of the destroyed Donskaya Church was allocated along Ulyanovskaya Street, completely different from where the church was originally located. With the personal participation of the then head of the Mytishchi district, Anatoly Konstantinovich Astrakhov, the land plot was re-registered, and the community was allocated a plot on Selezneva Street, on which the remains of the foundation of the former church were still preserved. Part of house No. 32, the community of the Don Church asked the administration to organize an Aesthetic and Spiritual Center for the education of children and adolescents in the traditions of Orthodoxy. In 1998, a second priest was appointed to the temple staff - Priest George of Bulgaria (now the rector of the Church of St. Nicholas in the village of Druzhba). A significant event was planned for May 30, 1999: the consecration of the foundation stone on the site where the Don Church previously stood.
By midnight from May 29 to May 30, everything was ready for the feast of the Most Holy Trinity and the solemn consecration of the foundation stone. With the help of the Experimental Plant in Perlovka, the Stroytex group of companies and other organizations of the city, from the facade of the future Orthodox Center in short time a brick fence with a beautiful metal lattice was built, Mytishchi landscapers laid out lawns, sowed them with grass and planted many flowers in the ground. The central path was laid out paving slabs. The visit of the vicar of Metropolitan Juvenaly, His Eminence Gregory, Archbishop of Mozhaisk, was expected for the consecration of the stone. But that night, at about half past three, the building in which the church was located was set on fire by unknown attackers...
But despite everything, the celebration took place. Bishop Gregory arrived, a crowded religious procession proceeded from the still smoldering house to the historical site of the Donskaya Church, and the foundation stone was consecrated. Head of Mytishchi district A.K. Astrakhov presented the parish with a tray made by Zhostovo craftsmen with an image of the Don Church. Despite the fire, the community of the Don Church, led by rector priest Anatoly Proskurney, together with the administration of the Mytishchi district, began construction of the first stage of the building for the Orthodox cultural and educational center with a house church in honor of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity.
Since March 2000, conversations have also begun with children of primary school age. Groups of choral singing, sewing, embroidery, beadwork, and icon painting were formed. Since the fall of 2000, there has been a Sunday school for children and adults. In 2001, priest Anatoly Proskurnya, due to health reasons, filed a petition to remove his duties as rector of the temple. The next rector of the Don Church was priest Vitaly Likhonin, who worked in this field until June 2004. During this period, the construction of the Trinity Church and the clergy house was completed.
On August 1, 2003, a chapel was consecrated in honor of St. Seraphim of Sarov at the Donskaya Church, in which spiritual conversations, prayer services and akathists are held. On June 6, 2004, on the Sunday of All Saints, with the blessing of Metropolitan Juvenaly of Krutitsy and Kolomna, the consecration of the Trinity Church took place. The celebrations were led by Archbishop Gregory of Mozhaisk. On December 24, 2004, after a long and serious illness, the first rector of the revived parish of the Don Church, priest Anatoly Proskurnya, died. On this day, the temple could not accommodate everyone who wanted to say goodbye to him. Father Anatoly was buried in the church fence of the Epiphany Church in the village of Borodino. From mid-2004 to December 2006, the rector of the temple was priest Vladimir Vorobyov. Through his labors, Sunday school classes were resumed in the church and the lower church was transformed. A new carved iconostasis and fresco painting appeared.
In December 2006, priest Alexander Kralya was appointed rector of the Don Church. On June 17, 2007, the parish of the Don Church celebrated its 110th anniversary. The festive celebrations on this occasion were led by Archbishop Gregory of Mozhaisk, who consecrated the lower aisle of the Trinity Church in honor of the Royal Passion-Bearers. This is one of the few churches that are consecrated in memory of the brutally tortured royal family.
Moscow dioceseA wooden church in honor of the Don Icon of the Mother of God was built in 2007 according to the architect's design Peter Pavlovich Zykov.
Architectural features of the pre-revolutionary temple
It was a small one-domed tented temple in the Russian style, “an octagon on a quadrangle” - the cubic volume of the main temple space was crowned with a small octagonal frame with a tent and an onion dome, covered in the old-fashioned way with a wooden ploughshare. Belfry with bells by P.N. Finlandsky was built away from the temple.
On the plan, the Perlovskaya church was a square with a side of 7 fathoms 1 arshin (approximately 16x16 meters) with a protruding faceted apse from the east. The main space of the temple was also square in plan (approximately 8.5 x 8.5 meters), above which rose a powerful octagonal tent, the height (up to the head) approximately equal to the height of the walls of the quadrangle. Original feature The Perlovsky church had triangular kokoshniks with small windows, which created a second light in the interior (in addition to the light from the quadrangle windows) and gave its silhouette elegance and individuality. This motif of kokoshniks, different in shape and size, was the leading motif in the decorative decoration of the Perlovsky temple.
A tier of small kokoshniks was also located at the base of the neck of the head of the temple. The central window openings of the quadrangle were marked with traditionally shaped kokoshniks, topped with crosses, and above the entrances (west, south and north) to the temple gallery, figured three-bladed kokoshnik-cases were arranged to place icons. The church was decorated with figured platbands over the quadrangular windows and various square and rectangular panels, traditional for wooden church building of the second half of the 19th century century.
Closing and destruction of the church
After the revolution, the atheists began to fight the Church. The campaign was carried out to “close the church, ... the priest and deacon of the Perlovskaya church, the chairman of the executive body Afanasyev and other malicious churchmen are evicted from the Mytishchi district, ... prayers by all religious associations are closed.” An anti-religious demonstration was held and a collection of signatures was organized for the closure of the temple. They said that the same person signed ten times. Even small children from 7 years old were included in the collection of signatures.
The temple in Perlovka was closed by the Moscow Regional Executive Committee three times: on April 21, September 22, and August 23. From the end of 1940 to 1970, by decision of the Mytishchi executive committee, the church building was rebuilt and occupied by tenants.
Sunday school classes resumed in the church and the lower church was transformed. A new carved iconostasis appeared. In the year, artists V.I. Sherdin, A.V. Ilina, I.V. Lukina, E.V. Kuprina, V. Kuteko, the lower church was decorated and painted.
Since Christmas of the year in the church of St. Seraphim of Sarov, regular Sunday services began, and the attic floor was specially converted for a youth club.
Thanks to the help of donors, a block container for collecting clothes for those in need and prisoners was purchased and produced technical equipment, the roof is done. Two more block containers are intended to temporarily serve as classrooms. One of them was also purchased, and the other was built on site by workers from purchased building materials. A common roof was built over the block containers. “Building No. 2” and “Building No. 3” are listed in the schedule of Theological courses and clubs operating at the Spiritual Center.