How to make paving slabs with your own hands: manufacturing technology. Paving tile - manufacturing technology at home, from a solution to a sidewalk of a paving slabs manufacturer

The main factors due to which tile power has become so popular - transparency of laying technology and simplicity of coating repair if necessary. To arrange a garden or pedestrian walkway in this case, severe construction special equipment will not need, cargo transport and a large number of workers. The landscaping of the household territory can be made independently, and with a large amount of work it will be enough to invite 1-2 acquaintances.

The only reason that makes think about this method of paving from a negative point of view, is the high cost of material in retail chains. However, there is an affordable option to significantly reduce costs. Tile can be done at home and then its cost will be significantly lower. Therefore, this article will consider how to make paving slabs at home.

Factory technologies

In an industrial scale, the release of vibrolyta, vibropressed and clinker tiles for paving sidewalks is carried out. At the same time, depending on the manufacturing technology, the quality of products will be much varied.

The technology is quite easy to use. It is based on the fact that the cement-based solution is poured into curly shapes and seal it on a special surface by exposure to vibration.

Vibropress.

Such products are distinguished by saturated. color shades And sold at a low price. However, the strength and frost resistance of such paving tile An order of magnitude lower than in other species.

Vibropressed tile Make on special equipment that condenses a concrete mix high pressure. Such a pavement is stronger, but also more expensive due to the use of the press and an increased electricity consumption.

SAMI best tile - clinker. Clinker production of paving slabs occurs by firing specially prepared clay in the furnace at a very high temperature. The final product is obtained very durable, frost-resistant and beautiful, not yielding to durability even a solid natural stone.

But large energy consumption for the manufacture of paving slabs and the need to use expensive industrial equipment raises the cost of this material several times.

Equipment and inventory for work

In the conditions of the household economy industrial equipmentOf course, there is no, and therefore the technology of manufacturing paving slabs at home is based on the vibrational seal of concrete. To perform work, you will need the following equipment and inventory:

small;
wide container for acceptance of finished concrete;
site for sifting sand;
or another flat vibrating surface;
molds for pouring a concrete mix;
rubber hammer;
shovels, buckets, spatula.

In addition, we need a durable stable rack for drying tile blanks in forms.

Necessary materials

Of building materials required:

cement brand PC500 or PC400;
washed or river sand, preferably an average fraction;
gravel fraction not more than 10 mm;
natural or Mineral Pigment;
lubrication for forms.

In that case, if gravel is contaminated or contains a lot of dust, it must be washed, because impurities may not affect the quality of products and their color shade.

Organization of the working platform

First of all, it is necessary to properly install the concrete mixer, vibrotole and rack for placing forms with concrete. These are the largest items and all actions will occur near them.

Concrete mixer, as the main equipment for the production of paving slabs, should stand so that there is enough space to accommodate sandy heaps and gravel near it.

You should also leave a place for buckets with water or summing up a watering hose. The best place for vibrationtola is on a straight line between the concrete mixer and the rack for storing forms with concrete.

The rack can stand indoors or on the street, but in such a place where it will be reliably protected from direct sunlight. Cement can be stored near the rack.

Molds for manufacture

Manufacturers offer forms of various configurations and sizes made from different materials. You can buy typical square or rectangular, composite of several elements or monoblock forms. It may be cups for the manufacture of each product individually and for simultaneous fill of several plates.

If desired, the molding equipment will be easy. In this case, you can get exclusive products that no one else has no one. For this, various materials are used - from wood and polystyrene to metal and plaster.

It is important to remember that the tile made by the vibration method has a reduced strength and frost resistance. Therefore, an important factor in the selection of forms is their depth that determines the thickness of the future product.

When homemade manufacture Its thickness must be at least 40 mm for pedestrian walkways and sidewalks and at least 60 mm for travel sites or parking a passenger car. The movement of freight transport on such a tile is extremely undesirable.

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Instructions for manufacture

The production of paving slabs by vibration is performed in several stages, which include:

preparation of concrete mix;
preparation of forms before laying concrete;
pouring the concrete mix in the shape and operation of vibrationtol;
the period of frozen concrete;
flealing and warehousing of finished pavers.

Each of the stages has its own technological features, some of which may have several versions.

Requirements for concrete mix

Concrete materials are subject to certain requirements. Sand must be sifted through a sieve to remove clay particles, land and other unwanted impurities that reduce the quality of concrete. Gravel should be clean. Otherwise, it must be rinsed with water. The use of cement PC300 is unacceptable even when adding it in an increased proportion.

In order to increase the strength of the tile, the composition of concrete can add synthetic fibers (fibrovolok). Dear industrial plasticizers are allowed to replace with a liquid detergent. Applied pigment dyes should be resistant to ultraviolet and are intended for external work.

Fibrovolok.

The ideal ratio of the components of the mixture for the manufacture of tiles on the calculations of specialists is:

cement PC500 - 21% or 30 kg;
gravel or granite screening - 23% or 32 kg;
sandy sand - 56% or 75 kg;
pigment dye - no more than 7% of the mass of concrete or 700 g;
industrial plasticizer C-3 - 0.7% of the mixture mass or 50 g;
water - 5.5% of the mass of concrete or 8 liters;
fibrovolocity up to 0.05% of the mass of concrete or 60 g

Since at home to withstand such accurate proportions is almost impossible, then the solution is usually prepared based on the following calculation:

1 part of the cement of PC500, 1.5 parts of gravel, 3 pieces of sand;
1 part of the cement PC400, 1 part of gravel, 2.5 pieces of sand.

Liquid is added as a plasticizer detergent At the rate of 1 cup on the kneading. Water is added gradually until the mixture becomes homogeneous, and the density will be like a thick sour cream.

If a dry pigment dye is used in the work, it must be dissolved in the water first, and then add to the concrete in the amount of no more than 1.2 liters on the knead.

Initially, dry components fall asleep in the mixing equipment for the production of paversing, and water is gradually added after they are mixed. At the same time, it is recommended to first fall asleep half of the necessary sand and gravel, and then pour cement, mix and add everything else. In this case, the cement will not stick on the walls of the mixer.

Mixing the solution.

Stirring a concrete mixture with added water should not be less than 15 minutes. The finished kneader is poured into a trough or other similar container, and from there produce transportation or loading directly into the forms.

Lubrication forms.

Laying of finished concrete in forms

About the types of forms and their possible choice or manufacturer it was mentioned above. Therefore, the process of filling and sealing on vibrationtole itself will be described here.

In order for the finished tiles easier to remove after the form of form, it is necessary to implement pre-processing. For this they are lubricated from the inside light machine or vegetable oil. In extreme cases, it is allowed to use a thick soap solution.

If financial means allow you, then in stores you can purchase a special composition for lubrication. It will provide easier rapidly, but will require additional costs.

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To quickly fill the forms, it is recommended to install a low table near the vibrostol. It will be possible to put forms and make filling there. This will reduce the amount of cement mortar spilled onto a working vibrating surface.

The fill process can be produced in three ways:

The concrete mixture painted throughout the volume is poured into forms in one approach, align the surface with a spatula and installed on vibrationtol.
Initially, a quarter of volume is flooded with a color solution, and the rest of the volume is filled with conventional gray concrete.
A colored layer takes about 15-20% of the volume, and a reinforcing mesh or slices of wire are stacked between the color and gray layer to increase the strength of the products and the best connection of the layers.

The first option will be technologically simple, but a concrete mixture with a large amount of dye can have reduced strength.

In the second case, pure concrete will perform the role of a durable basis, as a result of which the tile is stronger. In addition, the costs of acquiring a dye decrease. However, it will be necessary to simultaneously prepare two different solutions - color and gray, which complicates production technology.

The third option allows you to get the strongest and beautiful tile, but it is even more difficult. Ultimately, the choice of technology in this case Depends only on you.

Methods of staining tile

To obtain color shades on the surface of the paving slabs, four different methods are used:

The tile is made of colored concrete throughout the volume;
Products make two-layer, where the top layer of the tile is made of color colored solution, and the rest of the mass is from a conventional gray concrete mix;
Before the fill of concrete in the mold, their inner surface is covered with a water-based coloring;
Surface.

The most steady color in the manufacture of paving slabs can be obtained in the case of the application of the first two ways, but they are sufficiently costly from a financial point of view. The fourth option allows you to save money, but the paint from the surface will be easily stitched, as a result of which it will have to be periodically tint.

Forms with a bonded concrete mix on vibrationtole.

Installation of filled forms on a vibrating platform

After the required number of forms are filled, they are placed on the surface of the vibrationtol. At the same time it is allowed to put forms one to another, but not more than 2 rows.

The vibration treatment of paving slabs allows you to squeeze all air and qualitatively compact the concrete mixture. If in the process of vibration, a strong solution drawdown occurs, then it is necessary to add it to the blank-free bowl and align the surface with a spatula.

Due to the quality of the compaction of the concrete mixture, the strength and frost resistance of products, and, it means, their durability. Therefore, the process of vibration treatment must continue necessary time. The exact duration depends on the frequency of oscillations and power of the engine and is determined experimentally (on average it is 40-120 seconds).

Homemade vibrationtol.

The process of frozen concrete

After processing on the vibration table, the filled form must be transferred to the storage rack. Shelves of the rack must withstand a large weight load, and the shellage itself should stand in the shadow, excluding the contact of the surface of direct sunlight.

The process of primary grasp of concrete during the manufacture of paving slabs occurs in 12-18 hours, but the complete hardening will end only after 72-96 hours depending on the temperature and humidity of the air. Only then can be proceeding with the withdrawal of products from forms and their storage.

False and further storage of finished products

Rasal forming.

The process of the removal of finished products from forms after pouring concrete is called Dfalform. It must be done carefully, trying not to damage the plates and maintain the possibility of reuse forms.

If the inner surfaces of the forms were processed before the filling of the concrete, then the rapid formation will not be so complicated, especially in the case of the use of soft models.

In case of complications, it is possible to recommend the formation of the external form hot water. Plastic or silicone materials will expand from hot water and release the tile. During the rampage, it is allowed to tap on the forms and tiles of rubber hammer

Cutting tiles are stored on pallets, observing the dressing between individual products when laying. The height of the stack on the pallet should not exceed 1.2 meters. This condition allows you to secure the tiles of the lower rows of destruction due to the weight load.

Conclusion

As you can see, it is possible to make paving slabs with your own hands, since this technological process is not very complex and does not require special knowledge from the artist.

Consumption for self-making tiles.

True for successful work It is necessary to have such equipment for the production of paving slabs as a concrete mixer and vibrationtol, but they can be bought, renting or do it yourself. The most important thing to get qualitative results - accurate adherence to technology and the use of high-quality raw materials.

And the gardener is an amateur, trying to reflect his plot and make it more comfortable. One of the main factors of successful gardening are the garden tracks, because they carry the function of preservation on the plot and tidy species on themselves, it's more pleasant to work on such a dacha, and you have an increased productivity.

Many of the dacrooms perform these roads perform from different materialsMostly the tile bricks come out of the need. Also can be performed from the tree, or the stone is shorter who is what the most importantly, the most important thing is free and performs its main function.

Nowadays, there are also a huge set of paving slabs and the other similar material For the arrangement of the tracks, but such beauty is not always for the pocket of a simple dac.

The author decided to save on the purchase of paving slabs and come up with a way of paving the tracks without much costs and with maximum savings family budget. The principle of the author used the simplest made square shape made with its spent oil, so that later the solution is not adhered to the matrix. Prepared a plot where the track will be located in the future, put the shape on the ground, laid the solution and crushed and after a few minutes it raised the shape, and the tile remained in place, that's the whole principle of manufacturing tiles with their own hands. And now we will consider in detail how the author does it and that it took him for this.

Materials: Boards, cement mortar, waste oil.
Instruments: Haves, shovel, trowel, brush, hammer.

And so first of all, he prepared a place under the future track, removing the turf and crushed the surface.

Then prepared the shape, smearing the inner edges by spent oil.

Next decomposed forms in order.

Prepared cement mortar per one to three, that is, 1 part of the cement and 3 parts of the sand.

Then laid into the form. He left him for one section of a bucket of the solution.

After filling, all the forms crossed them a trowel.

And then it raises the shape, and the tile remains lying in its place.

That's all, did his garden track Without special costs and maximum family budget savings.

The technology of production of paving slabs with their own hands has been mastered for a long time and everything is improving every year. Finished products In terms of its characteristics and quality, nothing is inferior to the shop, and sometimes surpasses it. So why overpay a considerable amount of money for a cat in a bag when you can make a good paving slabs at home. This does not require acquiring expensive equipment and tools, of course if you do not want to produce it on an industrial scale. The pledge of high-quality pavers is the "right" solution and skillful hands.

Technology production of paving slabs

Despite all the simplicity of production technology, there are some nuances that should be explored before proceeding to the manufacture of tiles on their own. First of all, you need to choose and master the method of manufacture suitable for you.

Vibrolic paving slabs

Such a tile production technology provides continuously working vibrotole on which hesitates sand-cement mixturelaid in special forms.

After a complete lunch and frozen the mixture of the shape shift into a warm place where they should stand at least 12 hours.

The finished product is flat and smooth. Such a tile is easy to remove from snow and sand. It has a bright, rich color, and the form of its manufacture is practically limited.

For paving tracks, it can be realized any designer idea On your site. Qualitatively laid out tile can give the focus of any of your construction on the plot, especially perfect solution Get away from the boring asphalt.

From an industrial point of view, the manufacture of vibrolite paving slabs is a fairly cheap process, which is superbly suitable for private application.

Vibropressed paving slabs

The technology of manufacturing vibropressed paving slabs is as follows.

The concrete mixture is placed on a continuously vibrating bed in a special shape (matrix).
Then, made on the form of a matrix, a special blank (punch) under high pressure, like a piston, begins to put pressure on the mixture.
After a complete seal, the matrix and Punson rises up, and the finished product remains on the bed. This method is fully automated and requires minimal human participation.

The surface of the product is carbonated and porous. Such a tile is capable of withstanding heavy loads, resistant to severe frosts, suitable for places of large cluster of people and car movements.

Despite the fact that there are compact installations that allow you to place such equipment on the home plot, the cost of them is still high.

Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that for private needs it will be enough vibrolyant paving slabs.

There is no need for the ability to withstand large loads, since neither the crowd of tourists nor the vehicle will not move on it. Therefore, in this article we will look at the manufacture of paving slabs using vibration technology.

Paving tile manufacturing techniques

The feasibility of buying equipment or take it for rent depends on the scale of the planned manufacturing.

If you need to cover the tile of small areas of your site, it makes sense to take the necessary equipment for rent, but if the grandiose work on the laying of paved tracks, scene, various platforms is coming, it makes sense to think about its acquisition. In a word to solve each of you.

Necessary work equipment

Bring a mixture of concrete to the desired consistency manually is very difficult. An alternative can serve as a powerful drill with a special nozzle for a kneading solution.

However, it is worth working for such a tool for a long time, periodically need to give him time to rest from the load. The ideal option Will be a tested electric concrete mixer.

The main element of production without which it is not necessary. To date, you can buy vibrotol in any store specializing in the sale of building equipment.

The initial price of them starts from $ 300. But it is not worth a hurry, very simple from the girlfriend. To do this, you will need (electric motor, metal sheet, corners, metal plates and springs).

Local couliabs manage to use the usual washing machine for these purposes, putting it on high spin speed.

Molds under the mixture. You can also make the necessary forms using the material that is available in almost everyone on the plot (plywood, metal plate, plaster, and so on).

Forms manufacturing options for paving slabs

You can buy ready-made forms on any construction market, the price of them is not very big, so it is not significantly on the budget to affect.

Vibrostol do it yourself

Sick phased production of vibrotol for future forms. The main task to get a smooth surface of the upper platform. Required Material And the tool that will take:

Vibration Maker;
Metal sheet thick from 5 mm. (top pad);
Metal corner either profile trumpet (frame);
Springs (depreciation);
Welding machine, electrodes and Bulgarian.

Frame

Of metal corners Either pipes weld the usual frame of suitable sizes. It is important to monitor that the opposite pipes are the same size.

Using the same material welded a rectangle. On the one hand, the metal sheet is welded on one side, with another reinforced platform for the vibration motor with slots for fastening.

Vibrodigitel

For vibratetol, it is better to use a platform vibration motor. It is installed on the prepared base and is tightly clamped with bolts.

Installation

The final stage is the connection of the frame with a frame, pre-inserting into the landing bowls between them the springs. The table is ready to use.

The composition of the solution for paving slabs

The composition of the solution for the manufacture of paving slabs must contain the following components:

Cement M-500;
Sown river sand;
Crushed stone (fractions not more than 10 mm,);
Fibrovolok;
plasticizer;
Concrete dye (optional);
Clean water without impurities.

Must be crumbly without the maintenance of lumps and extraneous impurities. Remember that cement is a binding component, therefore the strength of the tile will depend on its quality.

Sand Like cement should not contain extraneous impurities such as clay or algae. There is an easy way to check the sand on the content of clay in the composition.

Sand need to tightly squeeze hands in a romoc, fix for a few seconds and dismiss, look at its condition. If the sand does not scatter, the explicit sign of the presence of clay components in it.

Crushed stone preferably acquire a fraction 5-10 mm.

Fibrovolokno Communicates the role of concrete reinforcement. Fiber material is more often a polypropylene. Purchase in the construction market this component will not be difficult.

Component of the concrete, strength and moisture resistance is - plasticizer. Pigment dye is used as needed.

Important! When they knead all the above components, it is necessary to observe a strict dosage and sequence.

The ratio of components in solution

Components	Proportions in%	On 1 m² tiles	On 1 m³ tiles
Cement (M 500)	20%	28 kg.	490 kg.
Crushed stone (fractions 5-10 mm.)	22%	30 kg.	520 kg.
River sand	55%	73 kg.	1300 kg.
plasticizing additive	0.5% of the mass of the solution	45 gr.	1.7 liters
Dye (pigment)	7% of the mass of the solution	650 gr.	9 kg.
Fibrovolokno	0.04 Massive Mass	55 gr.	0.8 kg.
Water	6% of the mass of the solution	8.5 liters	135 liters

How to mix the solution

The sidewalk of the sidewalk is produced in the following sequence:

In a drum with a small amount of water (1-1.5 buckets) add a plasticizer and dye;
We run the concrete mixer and stir the added components within one minute. From this time, the mixer should work continuously until the complete kneading solution;
Then, observing the above proportions, the cement is alternately added, and then sand and crushed stone.
Carefully follow the consistency of the solution in the drum. The solution should be driving, but in no case is not liquid.
The final stage will be adding to the finished solution of fibrovolock. Measure another 2-3 minutes. The solution is ready.

Casting and vibration

In the pre-lubricated (soap or oil solution), the molds on the platform of the vibrationtola are poured by a solution.
The vibration process must be carefully monitored. Once the foam is formed on the surface, this signal to that, the degassing of the fluid is complete and the machine can be turned off.

Usually this process lasts 4-5 minutes. Reducing the solution on the bed can not, the process of its bundle will begin.

Some people are wondering why the vibration of the solution is needed, why it is simply impossible to pour the finished mixture into the form.

The answer to this question lies in the tiny bubbles of air, which are in the frozen concrete. With severe frosts, they contribute to the splitting of paving slabs.

Drying and platform forms

In the summer, the drying of castings should last at least 24 hours, with cool weather for at least 2 days. In order for the tile easier to come out of the form, it should be immersed in a hot water container for 10-15 seconds. Molds are well rinsed with water and they are again ready for work.

Important! It is not recommended to put a freshly literate tile in the work. For a durability, it should stand on fresh air Under the sun back all over the week. Only after that the paving slabs is ready for use.

If you have made solutions to make paving slabs with your own hands, we hope that this article will be a good help and help in your work.

Paving slabs, paving slabs - popular, convenient to use and affordable Material For registration of sidewalks, tracks, platforms, elements landscape design On the street, in the park, garden, on panstone. She has many advantages and a wide range of applications, as it is inexpensive, simple in manufacturing and safe environmentally coating.

The paving slave made in compliance with all technological nuances will be resistant to abrasion, withstand many freezing cycles and subsequent thawing. In addition, it is simple in laying and, if there is a need to replace damaged areas, it can be done at any time.

Production of paving slabs

Paving tile make it easy, the technology is quite simple and allows to obtain as a result of a variety of shapes, sizes and colors. The production process can be divided into steps:

preparation of forms
cooking concrete
molding
hood and drying of finished products,
stripping,
storage.

The simplest and appropriate, including for home use, is the technology of vibration casting using plasticizing additives. It does not require high costs for equipment, it, in the presence of skills, it is possible to make yourself. The result is a tiny concrete pavement with a dense texture and a smooth surface. This is just achieved with vibration cast when concrete is compacted under the influence of electromechanical vibrators on a special vibration table.

Necessary equipment and materials

Since concrete tiles, first of all, we need a concrete mixer, preferably forced type, that is, acting on the principle of the mixer. The vibration table will also need, molding and lubricant for them, a concrete mix.

Forms for casting various sizes and configurations can be purchased freely. They are on sale are rubber (they are the most durable, withstand up to 500 castings) plastic and polyurethane (about 200 production cycles). Their variety is very large, manufacturers can make them to order, whether it is forms with a pattern, a specific surface texture or shape for glossy paving slabs.

Lubricant is necessary for trouble-free sprawling products after pouring concrete. It can be purchased in finished videoAnd do it yourself. The simplest lubricant is prepared for this: 50g mineral oil should be mixed with 1.5 liters of water until emulsion formation. But it is important to achieve the desired balance of fat content, otherwise the lubricant can spoil appearance ready-made concrete products.

The composition of the concrete mix is \u200b\u200bthe most important part of the production technology. This includes:

hard crushed stone of a nonmetallic rock is 3-10 mm, or, as an alternative, granite dropout or gravel;
purified washed sand;
m500 brand cement;
plasticizer concrete;
dry dye;
water.

The composition of the mixture may change to obtain different properties final product.

Preparation of concrete mix

The recipe for sidewalks is simpleBut requires careful preparation of all ingredients and methodical observance of the sequence of actions. Calculate the amount of each component is easy if you know need proportions volume of substances.

On one part of the cement you need to take two parts of the sand and rubble mixture, 0.02 parts of the plasticizer and 0.2 pieces of dry coloring pigment. The ratio of water volume to the dry mixture volume will be 2: 3, that is, two parts of the water are needed into three parts of the dry mixture. This ratio will ensure the strength of the finished concrete product and how it is not better for production at home.

You can also give such a calculation of an approximate consumption of materials for one square meter The finished paving slabs with a thickness of 4.5 cm:

23 kg of cement;
56 kg rubble (gravel or screening);
390 g plasticizer.

If concrete is colored, then the number of materials of the dye will need 1.5 kg. Water will be added not by weight, but by volume of dry components.

To obtain high-quality concrete, you need to follow some rules for handling a plasticizer and dye. Neither a plasticizer or dye, dry in a mixture of cement and rubble can not be added. The plasticizer is diluted in hot (70-80 degrees C) water (per liter of water 200 grams of substances) and add portions to the kneaded concrete solution. The dye is also divorced in water (40-50 degrees C, 250-280 grams of dry dye per liter of water) and added at the same stage as a plasticizer.

Before starting the preparation of the solution, we need to rinse the walls of the concrete mixer with water, as they should be wet. Then water is poured and with continuous stirring it is covered with sand cement in parts. After receiving a homogeneous emulsion from water and cement, rubble is added. Last but the plasticizer and dye are poured, diluted before. It is necessary to mix the resulting solution to uniformity, this process takes some time. In case the volume of production is scheduled to be small, you can do without a concrete mixer, mix the solution manually.

We offer video instructions for the manufacture of paving slabs with your own hands.:

Filling form

Technological features of how to fill the paving slabs correctly, the following. Fill out forms with concrete first better to half, then they need to be placed on the vibration table. After the work of the vibration table begins, the concrete will become compacted, the evidence of the foam bubbles on its surface will be evidence - so it turns out the air in the mixture. As concrete is sedired, it needs to be added to the required height.

Also, if gravel or crushed stone is not added to the solution, you can increase the strength of the tile, placing in the form for casting reinforcement in the form of an iron mesh or wire.

Concrete can be poured by layers, for example, to save the dye. Front side finished block Then it will be colored, and the rest is gray. Color and conventional mixture should be kneaded separately, it is important only that its density is the same.

On average, on the vibration table forms with concrete you need to leave for 4-5 minutes. After the end of the vibration, they need to be placed on a flat surface. Frozening paving slabs should not be exposed to direct sunlight. For complete frost, given the presence of a plasticizer, takes up to three days.

Video on the fill of the forms of paving slabs on the household plot:

Flat and storage of paving slabs

In order to do not damage the shape in the Draft, it is necessary to warm it up, lowering the Celsius in water at 50-70 degrees, then it is enough to cleanse the rubber hammer so that you can easily "catch up" the finished product. After the formation of the form is ready for a new production cycle.

The finished paving slabs must be withstanding up to three weeks on a flat surface and also in the shade, for further hardening and set of the fortress. It is necessary to lay it for storage "face to face" if the rows are several, covering each shrink film. During this time, the tile will eat enough and gain strength necessary to use.

The above manufacturing technology is applicable not only for paving slabs, in a similar way it is possible to organize the production of borders .

Application of paving slabs

Since paving slabs - the material is universal, it can be used almost anywhere. Playgrounds, car parkings, pedestrian streets, park areas, bicycle paths, private land ownership - this is only the main list of directions, expand that will not be difficult. The sidewalks are drawn up flower beds, fountains, garden reservoirs, decorative fences and fences, porch and terraces, staircases.

Laying this coating leaves the opportunity to "breathe" under it, because it passes air, and water, and does not contain toxins, although it hinders the growth of plants. But the soil still retains its properties, unlike the soil under solid concrete or asphalt.

The paving slabs withstands heavy structures, it does not destroy moisture and extreme weather conditions. These properties are due to the fact that its composition is close to the composition of the concrete structures used in construction in the supports and overlap of buildings. This is a durable and durable material that is little affected by the climate and an aggressive urban environment.

Several examples of the use of paving slabs on their country site

For paving tracks and playgrounds perfectly suitable. Such a coating is not gazith like asphalt, it does not crack when the soil is bent and does not collect puddles.

Another important advantage:, significantly reduces construction work.

There are two ways to manufacture paving slabs:

vibropressing. Includes two stages: molding the mixture in vibropress when exposed to vibration and pressure and drying in the thermocamera in conditions of elevated: temperature and humidity. The tile made on this method is characterized by high strength and is suitable for use in places with a significant load;
vibratoryate. The solution seal is carried out only by vibration, for which the forms are installed on. Drying - in vivo.

Equipment for vibropressing is expensive and therefore, this method is not suitable for the home workshop. The vibrostole can be made independently, so that the adjustment in the handicraft production conditions is vibrating, it will not require serious costs.

The tile obtained by the vibration tile is acceptable for places with a small pedestrian load. But for the device of the automotive platform, its strength is already not enough.

Required tools and materials

For production will be required:

concrete mixer. In the extreme case, you can replace a powerful drill with a nozzle mixer;
vibrotol. How to make it yourself - tells below;
. Sold in stores, but you can;
construction level: They control the horizontal of vibrationtol and racks for drying. When the tile breaks, it turns out uneven;
soviet shovel, trowel, bucket;
brush.

Materials are used:

cement. A sulphate-resistant (with a reduced content of 3-calcium aluminates) portland cement brand is not lower than M400. PCII / A-W-400 is suitable. The preferred color is white: gray when painting looks inactively. The date of production is important: 3-month cement Even with proper storage loses 20% of strength, 6-month - 30%, annual - 40%;
filler: large - granite screening, pebbles or slag size 3 - 5 mm; Small - sinking clean river or career sand with a size module. The purity of the sand check the attempt to make a lump from it: if it turns out - the material contains a lot of clay inclusions;
pure water. In most cases, the usual water supply is suitable;
plasticizer. Makes concrete durable, moisture and wear-resistant. Good feedback From the manufacturers of the tile received the "Superplastic C-3". Also used compositions of brands "Component", Master Silk, Plastimax F.

The reinforcement function performs:

crushed fiberglass;
fiber from polypropylene Micronix 12 mm;
fiber from the basalt MICRONIXBAZALT 12 mm.

To give tiles of the desired colors use dyes:

mineral: give a bright color, racks to chemical exposure and temperature differences;
organic: Give soft, natural shades.

Paving tile color in two ways:

surface. The dry dye is rubbed into the surface of still wet modules, either stained with them with a solution by painting. The method gives a bright color, but is characterized by consideration. In addition, with abrasion and at chips, the tile loses color;
volume. A dye is added to a solution when mixing, in an amount of - 7% of the mass of dry substances, which in view of the high costs is associated with costs.

In order to save, the modules are poured into two layers: first for a third or half - painted concrete, then the rest is colorless. The maximum allowable time interval between the fills of the layers is 20 minutes.

The production cycle

The process of manufacturing the tile includes the following steps:

preparation of a solution in strict accordance with the recipe;
laying in vibration form (produced on vibrationtole);
clarification in forms of about 2 days;
platform (extracting castings from forms);
hold up to complete rejection.

Preparation of forms for the production of vibrolic products

Forms are acquired in the store (most durable) or manufactured independently.

Homemade are two types:

simple. They are a 4-coal or 6-coal frame from wooden bars or metal products. The form is left without the bottom - they simply set it onto a rubber rug, covered with polyethylene film;
figured.

Figure forms are made of plastic materials as follows:

check the level horizontal table for work;
located from wooden bars formwork;
tit-sample placed in it: it is acquired either made from wood / plaster;
poured in the formwork of plaster, molten plastic, polyurethane or silicone.

Plastic material will repeat the contours and relief of the sample tile.

The smallest details are reproduced silicone and polyurethane. But the plastic exceeds them in the resource (more modules can be made from one form). Before the fill of the concrete, the shape is lubricated from the inside to eliminate the adhesion of the solution.

With an excess of fat in the lubricant, shells will appear in the tile, with a shortage - the solution is to shape. Therefore, it is important to apply either special compositions ("Emulsol", "Lirossin"), or make lubricant for a proven recipe itself.

For example, for plastic form, the agent is prepared as:

50 g of engine oil is poured into 1.5 liters of water;
long and carefully shake the mixture to the state of the emulsion.

Singling concrete composition

Ingredients for the solution are taken in such quantities:

cement: 21%;
granite screening: 23%;
sand: 56%;
plasticizer: 0.5-0.7% of the mass of dry substances (M.S.V.);
dye: From 2 to 7% M.S.V. (the more, the more bright and resistant will turn out color);
fibrovolok: 0.05% M.S.V.;
water: 5.5% M.S.V. or 70% of cement volume.

As can be seen, the solution is preparing semi-dry: only 2 buckets of water are poured on 3 buckets of cement. In this feature of the vibratinglading: the solution in the form will also seem liquid.

Cooking process:

dissolve plasticizer B. hot water (70-80 0 s). Approximate ratio: 1 l per 200 g of powder. It is important to stir carefully, because the plasticizer is served in a small;
in water with a temperature of 40-50 0 C dissolved dye. Approximate ratio: 3 l per 800 g of powder. Calculating the required amount of water, you should consider the liquid contained in the solutions of the dye and plasticizer;
lubricate a concrete mixer, twisting in it a few minutes with a liquid cement solution (then poured it).

After that, they are loaded into the working concrete mixture components in such a sequence:

fifth part of water;
cement and sand;
a large aggregate (when the cement in water forms an emulsion or, in everyday life, milk);
solutions of plasticizer and dye;
the remaining water;
fibrovolok.

With stirring is not tightened because the water evaporates. Interfere with 1 to 3 minutes.

In a small concrete mixer (less than 0.5 m 3), the ingredients can be served as follows:

sand and half rubble: interfere with 30 - 40 seconds;
cement: All interfere with another 1 min;
all the water volume provided for by the recipe, including solutions of plasticizer and dye;

Then the remaining crushed stone and fibrovocol, and perform the last stirring for 1 min.

Molding, exposure and ramp

Forms are filled with a solution and installed on a working vibrotole. Approximate time of vibration layout - 5 min. The level of the solution due to the seal falls, therefore it has to be treated.

When white foam appears, the vibrotole is disconnected: this indicates the output of all air from the solution, the further vibration layer will lead to its bundle. Forms are installed on the rack and are covered with polyethylene.

After a day, two, the castings are removed (platforming): undercover the bedspread, knocked out of the shape with light blows of rubber hammer. If you come out badly, forms for 5 minutes. lowered into water with a temperature of 60-70 0 S.

Forms before applying washed saline (It is better to soak them in it for some time) prepared at the rate of 30 g of salt on 1 liter of water.

Making vibrostol with your own hands

As a vibrationtol, you can use the washing machine - the machine included in the pressure mode.

The simple version of the table for 1-2 forms do this:

placed horizontally car tire;
from above - steel sheet with a thickness of up to 10 mm;
the electrolybiz is screwed to the sheet.

A more complex option is made in the form of a table from the sheet of the same thickness and rolling profile:

cooked the frame. The legs are strengthened with crossbars, tides the bustles. At the bottom of the frame, the shelf is mounted;
springs put on the bins;
in the field of contact table tops with spring supports, glasses weld. The finished design is freely installed on elastic elements;
on the lower shelf, the frame mount an engine with an eccentric. The unit with a capacity of 500-900 W, for example, IV-98E or IV-99E will be suitable.

You can use the engine from washing machine. On the mass production It is not designed, but when replacing the bushings and standard bearings on the bearings of the reinforced type, the resource will increase significantly.

What can spoil the finished product?

In order not to spoil the tile, it is important to observe the following conditions:

the shelving for storing castings to the platform is installed in a strict horizontal position;
castings are protected from direct ingress of sunlight;
the rapid evaporation of moisture is excluded: castings are covered with polyethylene, there are no drafts in the storage zone. Water reacts with cement, because with its lack of concrete loses strength. In hot weather, the castings are periodically sprayed with water.

When performing these conditions and when compliance with the formulation, the homemade tile is not inferior to the strength of the factory.

Video on the topic

Step-by-step instructions, how to make paving slabs at home:

Having mastered the production of paving slabs at home, you can not only save, but also earn: among residents of the districts, you will certainly have to buy this popular building material.

The process, as can be seen, is no difficulty, therefore the basis of success is not so much skills and qualifications, how much hardworking and perseverance.