When looking at any house, the first thing that catches the eye is roof covering. And this is not surprising, because the general perception of a modern cottage largely depends on the spectacular look of the roof. However, first of all, it must be reliable. and durable.
We have prepared an article from which you will learn:
- How to choose the right roof and not miscalculate during its further operation;
- Why is an integrated approach necessary when choosing;
- What are the types of roofing;
- How to reduce the cost of installing roofing without compromising its strength;
- Why is it sometimes more profitable to buy more expensive material rather than trying to save money?
Roof roof: how to choose
You have decided to build a house and have thought about choosing a roof. In this case, it should be remembered that no matter what material you choose, it, first of all, must meet the following parameters:
- Have suitable design;
- Be affordable for you;
- Be durable;
- Do not create difficulties with installation.
It is necessary to start choosing a roof even at the design stage of the structure, since all the loads on the rafter structure must be taken into account and then the calculation is made necessary materials and roof assemblies.
- It is also necessary to take into account the climatic features.
Consultant of our forum Sergey Namestnikov(nickname on the forum Pil18 ):
- By doingThe "correct" choice of roofing material for our climatic conditions, it is worth remembering that due to the size of our country we are dealing with several climatic zones. Namely:
- In southern regions with high solar activity, it is worth choosing a coating based on its color fastness parameters (ultraviolet stability) and the range of operating temperatures, since the roofing in areas where it is not uncommon to add thirty degrees is very hot;
- In coastal areas, it is worth choosing a coating, taking into account the aggressive environment of salty sea air;
- In the northern regions, it is necessary to take into account not only the winter temperature of minus forty, but the weight of the coating, since snow loads are of decisive importance.
When designing a roof, wind and snow loads must be taken into account, regardless of the materials!
Consultant opinion Elena Gorbunova, Moscow (nickname on the forum Matilda):
–
It is better to start the choice of roofing material even before the installation of the rafter system, since there are small but important differences in the construction of the roofing pie for different types roofing.
Wanting to save money on construction, many choose a roof, focusing only on the price for square meter and turning a blind eye to some of the shortcomings. But don't forget about the little things! The real price also consists of the necessary components, additional structural elements, elements passing through the roof and the possibility of their installation on a given roof covering.
Any roofing covering will last a long time if it is installed efficiently and in full accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations!
Roof selection algorithm
Despite the fact that there may be several selection criteria, nevertheless, first of all, any developer pays attention to the design of the roofing. After all, it should not only be combined with the house and outbuildings: a bathhouse, a garage, etc., but ideally also be in harmony with the landscape of the entire site. That is why an integrated approach is required when choosing.
Sergey Namestnikov :
– Roofing and general form the finished roof should be combined with the design of the building, which means that it should please the owners with its appearance. You can also highlight a number of secondary criteria that should be guided by:
- Price;
- Ease of installation;
- Market availability;
- Durability.
But before you finally decide on the choice of roofing, you need to carefully study its technical characteristics and inquire about the history of the operation of the material.
No universal good advice which coating is worth using and which is not. How many people, so many opinions. Some people like corrugated board, others like tiles, and in each case it is necessary to choose individually, in place.
Sergey Namestnikov :
- When choosing a roof covering, I always recommend adhering to this algorithm: choose a design, choose a brand (manufacturer) from the desired group of coatings, choose a specific product based on its technical characteristics and prices, we are looking for the best (optimal) offer on the market, we buy.
This step-by-step approach to selection will not let you get confused.
It cannot be said which roofing material is the best. The experience of our forum users suggests that there is no single answer.
Sergey Namestnikov :
– On your roof, in my opinion, there should be such a covering, which, first of all, will please you! And to the question "what kind of roofing material is better to refuse" I would answer "from low-quality".
Even the highest quality material won't last long if misused! But it is only necessary to save up to a certain level. Do not forget that the roofing system depends not so much on the quality of the material as on correct installation roofing system.
Sergey Namestnikov
:
- When choosing a roof covering, the shape of the roof should also be taken into account.
If the shape of the roof is complex, with slopes, slopes, angles of various shapes, many valleys, trapezoidal and triangular slopes, then using sheet materials, metal tiles, etc. on it, leads to waste in excess of 30% of the total amount of material, which very uneconomical.
Therefore, on this kind of roofs, it is more advisable to use soft tiles and materials, during the installation of which the waste will not be so high.
Types of roofing
To understand which roofing is best for your home, you need to understand the parameters of roofing materials on the market.
Elena Gorbunova:
– The main types of materials are:
- Metal tiles;
- Soft bituminous shingles;
- Sand-cement;
- Ceramic;
- Composite.
Metal tile is rightly one of the most popular roofing coatings at the moment. It is a galvanized sheet coated (or uncoated) of various shapes (rolling shapes). The price range is approximately 200-500 r / m2.
Elena Gorbunova:
– Metal tiles differ in coating, steel thickness and profile. The thickness of the steel ranges mainly from 0.4 to 0.5 mm. The thicker the better. Steel 0.4 is too thin, and this makes installation difficult, because large sheets bend and crumple like foil.
Sergey Namestnikov
:
- The durability of this material directly depends on the quality of the coating and the quality of the galvanized steel sheet. There is an opportunity to both buy sheets of standard sizes and order sheets of the size you need.
Despite the fact that the choice of colors for metal tiles is quite extensive, there are not so many forms of rolling, and this imposes certain restrictions on the design of the roof of a house. Also, when choosing and buying, it is worth considering not only the cost of the "canvas" per square meter, but also the cost of additional elements, since the overpriced for additional elements leads to an increase in cost.
Sergey Namestnikov :
- Do not forget that during the rain, the metal tile makes noise, which, in principle, is eliminated by ordinary insulation and high-quality sound insulation.
The service life of high-quality metal tiles, subject to correct installation, is about 50 years.
Choice soft roof for home
Soft tiles- a very popular material on Russian market... This is due to the widest design possibilities of this roofing and a large number of colors, shades and shapes. The price range for a soft roof is also very wide - from 200 rubles for the material of the simplest quality to several thousand for a roof covering from exclusive collections.
This material is excellent for use on complex roofs, as it has practically no waste during installation. Flexible shingles are excellent soundproofing noise from rain. But given view the coating requires laying on a solid base (most often it is made from OSB - plywood), which increases the cost of the roofing system.
Elena Gorbunova:
– A continuous sheathing is required for soft tiles. The most practical thing is to first fill a rare crate, and nail an OSB board (or moisture-resistant plywood) over it. In this case, the step of the lathing can be adjusted to the dimensions of the OSB board and you do not have to cut the board.
And the plate itself can be taken thinner.
The standard slab width is 1220 mm. The lathing is an inch board with a pitch of 244 mm, and a 9 mm OSB board is attached along the axes. This thickness is quite enough for any climatic zone of Russia. And the edge of the slab will always be in the middle of the sheathing board.
Another feature of bituminous shingles is that they do not need additional waterproofing along the rafter slope. A lining layer is laid along the continuous crate and the roofing tile is already running along it. In this case, there will be no mini-leaks or condensation dripping from the inside of the material onto the insulation.
It is cheaper and easier to remove a chimney, a fan pipe or a ventilation pipe through such a roof covering than through any other.
Elena Gorbunova:
– It should be remembered that the places underall these exits must be provided in the roof in advance!
And in order for such a roof to last a long time, you can use the following advice when buying it.
Elena Gorbunova:
– It is important that the bitumen in the roofing tile does not become brittle over time. A fairly easy way to check its quality when buying is to sniff the tiles. There should be no strong bitumen smell, which means that the bitumen is artificially aged and the necessary modifiers for elasticity have been added to it.
Corrugated bituminous sheets Is a material based on organic fibers (cellulose) impregnated with bitumen. This material is easy to install and lightweight.
However, it limits the developer's design options.
It is popular, first of all, due to the fact that the installation of corrugated bitumen sheets is easy to perform independently, and the material itself is easy to transport.
Sergey Namestnikov :
Steel roofing (seam roofing)- this is the most reliable and durable steel roof, which is produced using the double standing seam technology. Such a roof has no holes, the surface is monolithic and sealed. Seam roofing is exactly the case when the material for the manufacture of the roof is not expensive, but the main problem of this type of coating is high-quality installation. There are not so many masters who can perform this type of work, which affects the price of the installation work.
Sergey Namestnikov :
- Such material should be used when it is necessary to obtain a durable roof, and the question of price fades into the background.
Shingles Is a material with a deep history, used in antiquity. Such a roof covering is durable and beautiful, but it has a lot of weight, which imposes increased requirements on the rafter system and the structure of the entire building.
Sergey Namestnikov
:
- This material, I would refer to the premium segment, because the cost of high-quality ceramic tiles can hardly be called low.
There are several technologies for making shingles.
Distinguish between cement-sand, polymer-sand and ceramic tiles. The classic design is ceramic tiles.
Elena Gorbunova:
- Sand-cement tiles. Here you need to pay attention to such an indicator as "cyclicality". Such a roof picks up moisture, which, when the temperature passes through "zero", expands inside and leads to the destruction of the roof covering. For a year in the Moscow region, several dozen crossings of "zero".
- Composite tiles. It looks very impressive, tk. combines both the volume of the profile and the stone dressing. But it is quite difficult to install, and its installation cannot be doord by roofers without experience in working with just such a roof.
If you decide to buy a roof made of natural tiles, do not count on a low cost!
Slate and painted slate Is an inexpensive material. And it can be recommended for use as a roof covering only if the price of the material is the main selection criterion. 
It should be remembered that slate is already a rather outdated material. It is also quite fragile, which imposes certain restrictions on its installation.
Also, do not forget that with excessive savings on the roofing material, there can be significant losses in quality, and the cost installation works, insulation, wood, remains unchanged. Therefore, if there is an opportunity to purchase a roofing with a higher quality, it is always worth taking advantage of this, because, like a house, the roof is put on for more than one decade!
Site users can find out all the information on; understand,. The participants of our forum will tell you all about. Also here you can get acquainted with a detailed and visual description of the laying technology. In a branch of our forum there is a heated discussion of how much more expensive than metal tiles. We are discussing and. Our video clearly explains how to choose the right economy-class roofing. The roof is made up of roofing little things, and from which ones, you will learn from the second video. And if you want to assemble a seam roof with your own hands, but do not know how to do it, watch the video where our forum member talks in detail about all the intricacies and secrets of working with this coating!
In order for the roof to fulfill its task, in addition to a solid structure of the frame, an appropriate coating is required - durable, airtight, aesthetic. The use of the wrong roofing material can end in disastrous results - ranging from financial losses caused by continuous repairs, up to serious accidents that occurred, for example, as a result of the collapse of the frame. It is also desirable that the roofing material is easy to install - with less risk of errors. There are different types roofing materials, and they all have characteristic features, the knowledge of which will help to make the right choice in each specific case.
An important criterion when choosing roofing materials is the complexity of the roof structure. For simple designs, without decorative elements, it is advisable to use Various types sheet roofing, which allows you to carry out roofing work in the shortest possible time. Below are the main types of roofing materials that are most suitable for this purpose.
Metal tile is a roofing material that is made from galvanized steel sheets with a thickness of 0.4-1.25 mm, with an organic coating with a thickness of 25 microns (polyester coatings) to 200 microns (plastoizol). Weight 1 sq. M. coverage ranges from 4.2 - 6.5 kg. Products can be supplied in sheets, or in modules (modular metal tiles). A standard module has dimensions of 350-400 mm in length and about 1100 mm in width, and a sheet can reach several meters in length - one sheet of metal tile, on average, 6 sq. M. roofs. The service life of a metal tile is 30-50 years.
Metal tiles are used in various industrial facilities and residential buildings, for roofs of roofs with an angle of inclination from 9 - 12 °. The sheets are attached to the lathing with self-tapping screws with special sealing caps. The step between the elements of the lathing is from 35 to 40 cm, depending on the angle of inclination of the roof.
Pros and cons of this type of roof:
- advantages - ease of installation, relatively high strength with low weight, wide range of colors, low price;
- disadvantages - a large amount of waste, poor thermal insulation properties.
Profiled sheets are made from the same material as metal tiles and using a similar technology, but are mainly used for domestic and industrial purposes, for example, to cover industrial buildings or shops. They produce corrugated board of different profiles (trapezoid, wave, etc.) and different colors... Thanks to the production technology, this material, if properly installed, can serve up to 50 years.
Profiled sheet is a durable type of roofing material and can be safely used on long roofs. The sheet is attached to the crate with self-tapping screws sealing gasket, on any roof with an angle of inclination from 10 °. At a small angle of inclination, the seams should be treated with a sealant.
The relatively low price and ease of installation made it in demand in various areas of construction. Among the positive and negative properties of the material, mention should be made of:
- advantages - ease of installation, lightness and high strength of the resulting structure;
- disadvantages - poor thermal insulation, dubious aesthetics of the finished roof.
Decking, like other sheet metal roofing materials, is characterized by high noise, which is why the roof needs additional sound insulation.
Ondulin
For the production of sheets of ondulin, pulp and paper fibers, refined bitumen and polymer resins are used. Ondulin sheets are painted in various colors with heat-resistant paint. The material is used as a coating for residential buildings of one- and multi-storey buildings, agricultural facilities, as well as public facilities. The sheets have a wavy profile, length - 2000 mm, width - 950 mm. With a sheet thickness of 3.0 mm, its weight is only 6.5 kg. This, as well as the ease of installation, allows you to make the roof yourself.
Ondulin sheets are attached to the crate with special nails. Installation on roofs with an angle from 6 ° is possible, the pitch of the battens is from 30 cm. The material is easily cut with an ordinary hacksaw, which simplifies work with it.
For all its attractiveness, ondulin, in addition to its positive properties, also has disadvantages:
- advantages - resistant to corrosion, does not need maintenance, safe for health and the environment, has good sound insulation;
- disadvantages - low level fire safety, relatively short term operation (up to 25 years).
Slate
Asbestos-cement sheets, better known as slate, are characterized by high strength and durability. Today, both flat and corrugated slate, as well as its painted version, are on sale. Wavy slate is available in six, seven and eight wavelengths. Quite heavy construction material, with a length of 1750 mm and a width of 980 - 1130 mm, it can, depending on the thickness, weigh up to 25 kg.
The slate is mounted on a lathing made of timber with a cross section of 50 mm to 75 mm, with a step of 50 cm. If the angle of inclination of the roof is less than 22 °, then the lathing must be reinforced. Slate is fastened with special roofing nails.
Pros and cons of slate:
- advantages - service life of about 40 years, low price, high fire resistance;
- disadvantages - fragility, low moisture resistance.
Given this, slate can only be used for outbuildings.
This roofing material is made of galvanized sheet steel, with a thickness of 05 and 0.7 mm, covered with a protective and decorative colored coating. It can have either a completely flat surface, or a corrugated or trapezoidal profile, which serves to strengthen long sheets and minimizes the effect of deformation, which sometimes appears as a result of exposure to high temperatures. Sheets are available in various widths. The length is adjusted to the dimensions of a particular slope. On small roofs (with a slope length of up to 10 m), one sheet can cover the entire length.
The roof got its name because of the way the individual elements are connected. The edges extending from the eaves to the ridge are connected by a standing seam, and the transverse edges of the roof slope are connected by a recumbent. The connection can be single or double. During installation, the side edges are seamed, moving from the eaves to the ridge. The panels are fixed to the crate with special fasteners (clamps).
Seam roofing is used in residential and industrial construction. Her strengths and weaknesses:
- advantages - high flexibility and low weight, aesthetics, no risk of fire, immunity to low temperatures;
- disadvantages - the complexity of installation, noise.
When selecting roofing materials and analyzing their properties, one should take into account the severity of certain atmospheric phenomena in a given region of the country (wind strength, intensity of rain and snow). For example, roofs of houses in mountainous areas should have a large slope to easily get rid of snow. In areas where strong gusty winds are common, it is advisable to choose heavy types of roofing materials for the roof, rather than light metal coverings.
Soft roof and its varieties
There are several types of soft roofs on the building materials market, which are widely used both on the roofs of industrial buildings and in private construction, especially on roofs with a large number of architectural elements.
Flexible shingles - fiberglass plus bitumen
Bituminous shingles are often called shingles, shingles, etc., the structure resembles a classic roofing material. Technically, it differs little from it, since its design also uses a core in the form of a solid base (cellulose, fiberglass or plastic), which is impregnated with a bitumen mass and covered with stone chips. The advantage of shingles is the ability to install them on roofs of any configuration.
Fits most roofs with a pitch of 12 ° or more. If we are talking about the upper border, then the roof can be very steep, up to vertical planes. Flexible shingles are attached to a solid sheathing of plywood or OSB boards. A brief description of:
- advantages - resistance to the negative effects of weather conditions, various kinds of deformation, simple installation that does not require special skills and equipment, good sound insulation, long service life;
- disadvantages - it is difficult to replace one element, it heats up quickly under the scorching sun, a rather high price.
Roll welded roofing
It consists of two layers of bitumen, between which a load-bearing base is placed, then a layer of polymer and a mineral dressing on top. Polyester, fiberglass or fiberglass is used as a base. The main area of application of roll roofing materials is industrial construction, utility buildings. The optimal slope for one layer is 9 - 22 °, for two layers 3 - 15 °.
Roof strips are fused onto the cleaned, bitumen-based primer using a torch. Each strip should overlap the previous one by at least 10 cm. High-quality deposited material can serve up to 30 years.
This is perhaps the most budget-friendly roofing option - all types of bitumen-based roll roofing materials are characterized by a low price. The pros and cons of this material are as follows:
- advantages - good vapor permeability, lightness, environmental friendliness;
- disadvantages - low fire resistance, not very attractive appearance.
This product is a variety roll materials new generation. The membranes are PVC, TYPE and EPDM. The nominal thickness of the product is 1.80 mm, 2.20 mm and 2.50 mm (while the homogeneous waterproof membrane layer has a thickness of 1.20, 1.50 and 1.80 mm, respectively). Dimensions 2 * 20 m.
Sealing is carried out by hot air welding, without the use of additional preparations. Thanks to this, the joint is homogeneous, its strength is higher than the strength of the material itself, and the seam itself retains all the advantages of the base material. The production of materials is carried out in compliance with high environmental standards. If the angle of inclination of the roof is more than 10 °, then the membrane is fixed mechanically. The main pros and cons of the material:
- advantages - resistance to mechanical stress, water resistance, ease of installation;
- disadvantages - increased requirements for the base, exposure to aggressive chemicals.
Self-leveling roof - applied directly to concrete
With the help of a self-leveling roof, a single (without joints), elastic, lightweight and durable (up to 15 years) coating is created. For covering flat roofs, bitumen-rubber or polyurethane (from polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomers) masses are used. All of them are supplied ready for use in construction.
Execution condition good coverage is the appropriate preparation of the base. It must be strong, with a homogeneous structure, before starting work, it must be cleaned, leveled and primed. On flat roofs, reinforcement can be dispensed with. If the angle of inclination is more than 2 °, then in order to avoid draining the mass, the surface is reinforced (with fiberglass tapes, polyamide, polyester or polypropylene mesh). In any case, the use of reinforcement increases the service life of the roof. In addition to advantages, the material also has some drawbacks:
- advantages - no seams, perfect fit to the base, ease of use and relatively low price;
- disadvantages - increased requirements for the base.
Like other building materials, the main types of roofing materials, in addition to indisputable individual advantages, are not without some disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a roof covering, you should carefully analyze the conditions in which the building will be used.
The progress of science and technology is constantly giving rise to new materials for construction. New roofing materials also appear. The durability and safety of the entire building largely depends on the type and quality of roofing. That is why it is so important to treat the choice of this building material with all responsibility.
The main types of roofing
To cover the roofs of modern buildings, a variety of building materials are used: hard and soft, profile and flat, piece and roll. All of them are widely used in the construction of urban buildings, country houses and outbuildings. But in order to make the right choice regarding a certain type of building, it is necessary to carefully study the properties of each roofing material.
The following types of building materials for the roof can be distinguished:
- tiles (various types);
- asbestos-cement materials;
- metal profiled sheets;
- sheet metal;
- membrane roof;
- roofing material;
- folded metal sheets.
Each of them has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a certain type of roof, you should rely on several important parameters and properties of the coating.
Selection of modern roofing material
The service life of the building directly depends on the choice of modern coating for the house. Experts recommend not to save money and opt for high-quality and durable material. Before buying a coating, you need to familiarize yourself with a number of its most important parameters.:
And yet, one of the main parameters of the roof is its durability.... To understand such a concept as "service life", it is necessary to disassemble the average service life of the most common roofing materials:
- slate will last, according to manufacturers, about 10 years;
- the metal tile will last about 15 years, it all depends on the quality of the coating;
- ondulin is guaranteed to last 15 years;
- the term of "life" of soft tiles is not more than 20 years;
- ordinary tiles can last up to 30 years;
- slate roofs last about 40 years;
- metal roofs made of copper and its alloys are practically eternal, however, the price is extremely high.
These time frames are indicative, and, depending on the observance of the operating rules, the terms can be either longer or vice versa.
The main types and advantages of tiles
Shingles are considered the most popular material for roof decoration.... It not only has a long service life, but also an aesthetic look. Therefore, this material for the roof of the roof is chosen for both private housing construction and industrial construction.
The main types of shingles:
In the choice of shingles there is different options that will satisfy any consumer. This type of roofing is noteworthy.
Features and benefits of slate
Asbestos-cement roofing products have gained wide popularity in Russia... In terms of external parameters, it can be either a flat rectangle or a classic slate. Made from cement and asbestos fibers. Light enough material. It exerts pressure on the roof only 15kg / m2. Standard size 120 × 70 cm, has six waves 2.8 centimeters high. Slate is laid with an overlap. For fastening, special slate nails are used. Before laying the slate, it is necessary to install the waterproofing. Slate, due to its relative cheapness, still remains the most popular roof covering in our country.
The pluses of slate include: low cost, ease of cutting, relatively high strength. The disadvantages include: fragility, environmental harm, unaesthetic appearance and the formation of fungi on the surface with a long service life.
The main qualities of corrugated board
The corrugated board has earned great popularity due to its various shapes and a wide palette of colors.... Today, three types of profiled sheets are produced: sinus-shaped, rounded and trapezoidal. Widespread on rafter roofs with a slope of 10 degrees.
The profiled sheeting is laid with an overlap, while special self-tapping screws with a rubber washer are used, which ensures the tightness of the hole. It has a very high price-quality combination. It is widely used in industrial facilities. This type of coating is notable for its availability and ease of installation.
Rebated steel roof
Steel roofing today can be found less and less, but this building material is also used in the construction of buildings for a wide variety of purposes. Folded sheets are made of polymer coated metal.
Fastening to the lathing is done using clamps. The sheets are joined together by an electromechanical method. For this, there are hooks along the edges of the sheets. The minimum slope for folds is 20 degrees. When laying metal, it is necessary to carry out additional thermal insulation.
Other types of roof coverings
Depending on the type of building and the wishes of the developer himself, various roofing materials are used. There are a number of practical and at the same time inexpensive types of roof coatings that are not so widely used in our country, but still occupy a worthy place in the construction market:
Whatever roofing materials are used to create the perfect roof, they must always fulfill the intended purpose.
The roof is a significant item in the home construction budget. Different kinds roof structures are radically different from each other, which affects the cost of construction, which may be quite affordable or, on the contrary, cause a shock. The type of roof and the angle of inclination of its slope also affect the possibility of arranging the attic and shape the appearance of the whole house.
Various types of roofs of private houses have a configuration of varying degrees of complexity, from the simplest - flat to complex combined structures.
Flat roof , the device of which belongs to the least complex, and, therefore, the most attractive solutions from a financial point of view. Floor elements laid on load-bearing walls, in fact, are the roof. Usually flat roof has a slight slope (up to 3%) for drainage of rainwater.
A pitched roof is a generalized concept for roofs with inclined planes, the basis of which are rafters and lathing. This category is presented in several variants.
A pitched roof is a kind of intermediate solution between a flat and a gable roof. Relatively simple construction, typical for the construction of outbuildings and country houses. It, like flat, consists of one slope, but differs in the angle of inclination, and also a separate structure floors and roofs. A pitched roof allows you to conveniently equip an area on the second floor, which is not limited to slopes, as in the case of, for example, gable roofs, and, as a rule, provides the same amount of space as on the first floor. Recently, they are often used in large houses, where the area allows you to create several blocks with roofs located on different levels.
The device of a pitched roof depends on the size of the building and the expected angle of inclination of the slope. Below are the most common designs:
- Rafter structure - the rafters rest on outside wall... This kind of wooden roof structure is simple to implement and does not create high costs. Can be performed on buildings in which the span of the walls does not exceed 6 meters.
- Rafter structure with struts - the inclined beam strengthens and stiffens the frame. With its help, you can make a roof on a building with a wall span of up to 7 meters.
- Roof structure with truss truss - this kind of roof structure can be used on roofs with a span of up to 12 m. The wooden structure is additionally supported by pillars that provide it with greater rigidity.
Gable roof
A gable roof is a structure with opposite slopes connected in a ridge. Characteristic feature is the presence of triangular pediments of the side walls that cover the roof in planes perpendicular to the ridge. Distinguish between the main types of two pitched roofs- symmetrical (when the sections are equal and inclined at the same angle) or asymmetrical.
This design is characteristic of traditional architecture, but it is also present in modern, minimalist buildings, primarily due to its simplicity, which affects the convenience and lower construction costs. In houses where the angle of inclination of the roof is 35 - 45 °, an attic is usually equipped. A gable roof has many advantages, among which the most important are:
- due to the possibility of adapting the attic for residential purposes, they receive additional space;
- a simple design makes it easier to build a house, and also allows you to add a garage or a shed to the building without any special difficulties;
- a large and simple area makes it easier to arrange the roof;
- when carrying out roofing work on gable roof, there is little waste of materials, so the choice of coverage is unlimited;
- this type of roof also provides effective removal snow and rainwater.
It is also important for the building that due to the strong slope, ventilation between the roof and the wind insulation is much easier than in the case of other types of roofs.
The hip roof is a four-slope structure, where two of the four slopes are in the shape of a trapezoid, and two more are in the shape of a triangle. It is these triangular slopes that are called hips, which gave the name to the structure. The slopes, converging to the short ridge, are usually inclined at one angle. The truss structure uses beams and double tightening. This construction is recommended for single-storey buildings that give beautiful proportions. Despite the presence of an attic, a reasonable arrangement of the attic in this case is not an easy task. The interior design is hampered by numerous bevels. Usually, the functionality of the attic is improved by increasing the angle of inclination of the ramp, but in the case of a four-slope structure, this can not be achieved much. The best solution is the installation of roof windows, which will visually increase the volume of the room.
A hip roof is more expensive and more difficult to implement than a gable roof. The implementation is hampered, in particular, by the angles at which the planes converge. This is a job for highly qualified roofers. Also, roofing work requires the use of solutions that increase the cost of construction. When using sheet roofing, a lot of waste remains, so it is better to use piece roofing materials, which will reduce losses. Having mounted a reinforced rafter system, you can even use ceramic tiles. The hip roof has subspecies.
Semi hip roof characterized by beveled corners, and truncated triangles located on the end walls. Is an good option for investors looking for a way to get rid of the monotony.
Such constructions are typical for regional architecture. They can be found, in particular, in the mountains.
The truncated triangles of the half-hip roof reduce the roof surface and strengthen the edges of the frame, thereby protecting the house from strong winds. The optimal slope angle of such a roof is 35 °, which allows water and snow to be removed, at the same time not limiting the choice of roofing.
Installation of such a roof is easier than a hip roof and only slightly more difficult than a gable roof. At the same time, it looks aesthetically pleasing and has a comfortable attic in which an attic can be equipped. However, special attention should be paid to the careful implementation of thermal insulation at the joints of the slopes.
A hipped roof is a specific type of hip roof, which is used in buildings that have a square or regular rectangle at the base. They do not have a ridge, their slopes converge at one point, forming the so-called ridge knot. Visually, this design resembles a pyramid. Looks great as a covering of a one-story building built in classic style.
Hipped roofs are often used as covering for free-standing garages, farm buildings, shops. They are sometimes used as coverings for turrets and other elements in more architecturally complex buildings. It must, however, be remembered that although they are visually attractive, the cost of their implementation is always higher than in the case of conventional gable structures.
Traditionally, a multi-gable roof is called a roof formed by a varied combination gable roofs... It consists of many planes different sizes, shape and angles of inclination. Most often they are triangular or trapezoidal, sometimes rectangular. The roof is beautifully presented but has too many building complexities. To drain water from the entire surface, it is necessary to install additional drains and drainpipes. The complex shape of the roof affects the increase in its cost. A large number of slopes is associated with a large consumption of roofing material. At least the purchase will be a significant expense a large number ribs, valleys and skate. A large number of bends also contribute to an increase in the weight of the roof covering. This, in turn, is associated with the need for a more powerful and more stable rafter system. To complete all the work, highly qualified masters are needed. Plus, a multi-gable roof looks good on a large building on a large site. In a small area, this is rather impractical - it will visually reduce the entire territory.
An example of a sloping roof is a mansard roof - this is a structure in which each slope consists of two parts: the upper one with a smaller angle of inclination and the lower one with a larger angle. The sloping roof can be two- or four-pitched. The use of this design improves performance properties attic - the usable area increases. A sloping roof most often has a lower inclined plane at an angle of 60 °, and the upper one about 30 °; layered rafters are used in the rafter system. It is best to use as a roof shingles.
The disadvantage of this option is a more complex and difficult design, as well as the need for very careful preparation of the coating. Leaks may occur in the places where the slope is fractured. Also, the complexity of its implementation lies, in particular, in the appropriate arrangement of the rafters. In any case, it is better to entrust the installation to specialists.
Dome and tapered roofs
Dome and conical structures are associated mainly with architectural monuments. However, these types of roofs are also used in the construction of private houses, in particular on all kinds of superstructures and annexes (turrets, drums, belvederes). They are mounted over multifaceted or round structures. Rafter systems for domed and conical roofs, hanging and layered roofs are used, respectively. For the arrangement of the coating, piece roofing materials are used, as a rule.
Combined roofs
The shape of the roof depends on many factors, including regional conditions and preferences, the type and purpose of the building, the landscape into which the object should be inscribed. At the same time, home owners and developers strive for originality. This is where combined roofs come to the rescue. Most often, such designs are found in cottage villages. The bottom line is to combine several roof structures into one structure to achieve a certain aesthetic effect. Combined roofs are also used in case of building expansion. So, for example, it can be a hip roof over a house, complemented by a lean-to roof over an attached veranda or a winter garden.