Options for painting wallpaper for painting. What is the best wallpaper for painting: recommendations on which non-woven wallpaper for painting is better to choose. Designer wall color combinations

Not every person is ready to agree to long-term monotony in interior design - especially creative people and those who have not yet been able to fully decide on a style solution for their home. Paintable wallpaper is a great opportunity to change the appearance of a room without much financial or time investment. It is worth noting that only special wallpapers that have the necessary characteristics are suitable for this purpose: high moisture resistance, rich pigment and sufficient relief of the coating.

Types of wallpaper for painting

There are three main types of wall coverings that can be classified as paintable wallpaper. These include the following types: non-woven, paper and fiberglass.

Non-woven wallpaper

They have one of the densest and most wrinkle-resistant bases. The mechanism for creating non-woven wallpaper is to apply a pattern with vinyl through a special stencil. The reverse side of the product remains completely flat. Experts like to use this material for painting because it is resistant to mechanical damage and can also smooth out uneven walls, mask cracks or other aesthetic imperfections, which is especially important in new homes where walls may shrink. Variety of texture thicknesses and color shades will also please design “gourmets”.

Paper wallpaper

A popular and proven type of wall covering that is suitable for painting itself. different surfaces. Special impregnation allows you to be confident in the high water-repellent properties of this product. This characteristic does not lose its relevance even with repeated staining with bright pigments. Paper wallpaper can decorate not only the walls, but also the ceiling. Two thick layers create the effect of a perfectly smooth surface.

Glass wallpaper

An interesting composition affects not only the functional qualities, but also the beautiful appearance of glass wallpaper. They are created from special fibrous threads that were obtained from a mixture of sand, soda, dolomite or other alternative components. The surface of the finished coating is connected to the paper layer. There is a huge number of glass wallpapers with geometric patterns, colorful patterns and unusual textures. The product is famous for its durability and ease of care (wet washing with a special brush is sufficient).

How to glue and paint

When purchasing wallpaper for painting, it is important to remember that you need to properly prepare for working with this material. To glue the product neatly, it is worth purchasing a special glue. If a universal one is suitable for a paper base, then for non-woven and glass wallpaper you need to purchase an individual adhesive. Then you should clean the walls of old coatings. It is enough to remove the densest layer. Uneven surfaces can be lightly plastered. After these manipulations, it is advisable to treat the walls with a previously prepared primer, which must be given time to shrink and dry. Next, you can start gluing the wallpaper itself, carefully moving away from the window clockwise. To create a perfectly smooth surface and evenness, you can use a level meter to help with this task.

Painting wallpaper should be approached with the same responsibility as gluing it. Before applying the selected dyes, you need to make sure that the wallpaper is completely dry. A fur roller is suitable for uniform application of dense pigment; a thin brush is suitable for decorating walls with drawings. For non-woven wallpaper, a glossy dye is used, which is often called water-based paint, for glass wallpaper it is best to use acrylic. Paper products are more versatile in this regard. When painting for the first time, the paint is applied in two layers with an interval of 2-3 hours.

Wallpaper for painting in the interior - photo

With the help of such an interesting wall covering you can turn any room into a real design project. Paintable wallpaper always looks elegant and harmonious.

Paintable wallpaper for the living room

This room is proudly called the face of the owners of the house. Therefore, it would be appropriate to use glass wallpaper, which can recreate the most unusual textures and patterns (rhombuses, squares, cobwebs, dots, Christmas trees). This solution will definitely become relevant for such interior designs: classic, baroque, pop art, Provence. For those who value monotony and warm colors, non-woven or paper wallpaper.

Paintable wallpaper for the bedroom

A common desire among people is a calm and cozy relaxation room that can also be stylish and extravagant. A simple manipulation of wallpaper for painting can help with this - creating a contrast between two shades of the same color (or different colors). For example, top part The wallpaper is painted lemon, and the bottom is colored coffee. This simple design trick has turned a million extraordinary bedrooms into works of art.

Paintable wallpaper for the kitchen

The best choice of wallpaper for painting for the kitchen space would be non-woven material. This is due to the fact that the kitchen is often subject to changes in temperature and humidity coupled with fumes. This type wallpaper will look great for a long time without losing its external luster due to the functional characteristics of the material. A kitchen in a minimalist or classic style will suit monotony; for other styles you can use texture.

Paintable wallpaper for a children's room

A children's room is a place where a child not only relaxes, but also grows, develops and develops as a person. Paintable wallpaper is the best opportunity to develop creative skills in children. Changing the designs to new ones will have a positive effect on your mood, turning the room into a space where dreams come true. Diversity color range and drawings allows you to choose products that will match your child’s hobbies. Original version– combination of different colors and reliefs.

Smooth wallpaper for painting- functional and profitable solution. You just need to select them once and easily change the design of the room many times using different kinds and shades of colors.

Smooth wallpaper for painting - a modern, environmentally friendly finishing material

Modern manufacturers offer a wide selection of materials for interior wall finishing. Smooth paintable wallpaper is always in demand. They are actively used for decorative cladding of premises by professional interior designers. These coatings are good because they allow you to quickly and relatively cheaply not only change color scheme premises, but also transform the overall interior.

Smooth wallpaper for painting is good because gluing it provides an absolutely flat surface for painting. Smooth canvases can be repainted several times. The most common types of smooth wallpaper for painting are fiberglass and painting non-woven fabric. Both materials have proven themselves to be excellent finishes for walls prepared for painting.

Fiberglass and its use for preparing walls for painting

Fiberglass, as a smooth wallpaper for painting, appeared on the domestic market of finishing materials relatively recently, but almost immediately it began to be popular both among individuals and among contract teams professionally involved in interior renovations. The undeniable advantages of this wall covering include:

Long service life, ranging from 10 to 50 years;
Versatility - fiberglass is suitable for finishing walls for painting in both residential and non-residential premises;
Good vapor permeability, thanks to which the walls can “breathe”, which completely eliminates the risk of mold and mildew;
High fire resistance - fiberglass not only does not burn, but also stops the spread of flame;
Resistant to temperature changes and high indoor humidity.

Fiberglass is in the collections famous manufacturers decorative wall coverings, for example – Vitrulan, Brattendorf, Wellton and others. This modern environmentally friendly material is a smooth canvas consisting of fiberglass and an adhesive composition. Fiberglass for painting usually has a density of at least 130 g/m2. Fiberglass canvases with a lower density can be used for painting, but it should be kept in mind that the painted surface will not be completely smooth.

When gluing fiberglass, the canvases are glued vertically from ceiling to floor using special glue. After the glue has dried, fiberglass is extremely difficult to tear off from the wall, so it is used not only for the final leveling of surfaces for painting, but also for additional reinforcement.

Painting non-woven fabric and its use for preparing walls for painting

Painting non-woven fabric can be called traditional alternative fiberglass. It also belongs to the category of smooth wallpaper for painting. This material, which is a non-woven fabric resembling a sheet of Whatman paper in appearance, consisting of polyester textile fibers and long-fiber cellulose interconnected with an acrylic polymer, is widely used for:

Wall leveling;
Preparing them for painting without using finishing putty;
Prevention of cracks;
“Disguise” existing wall defects;

Painting non-woven fabric is excellent for finishing walls for painting in offices and indoor public spaces. This material has good wear resistance, it is not afraid of temperature changes and high air humidity. The average service life of painting non-woven fabric is at least 10 years. It withstands many colors, is odorless and does not emit harmful substances into the atmosphere. And, most importantly, the painting non-woven fabric is easy to work with; when gluing it, it does not stretch, tear, or shrink when dried.

Anyone can understand the nuances of covering walls with smooth wallpaper for painting, the main thing is to show the desire and ability to do something with your own hands.

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There are a huge number of wallpapers on the market today. Among them, a special niche is occupied by those that, after gluing to the wall, create an ideal surface for applying paint. This is paintable wallpaper, the pros and cons of which, as well as its features, we will discuss today in our review prepared by the editors of the online magazine site.

Paintable wallpaper is a special material for creating a unique interior

All products of this type can be repainted several times. It is very comfortable. Tired of one color or decide to update your furniture? Cosmetic repairs and complete renovation of the room will not be difficult.

What types of wallpaper can be painted: pros and cons

On the shelves of hardware stores you can find several types of materials for painting:

They all differ from each other in the material of manufacture. In addition, there are wallpapers with and without texture, smooth. Anti-vandal specimens occupy a special niche.

Non-woven wallpaper for painting

This type, along with fiberglass specimens, is most often found on the market. They are made from non-woven material, which is based on cellulose and synthetic fibers. The texture of the wallpaper is thin; in most cases, foamed vinyl is applied to the material.

Fiberglass wallpaper for painting

This material is particularly durable. It is made from several components:

caustic soda;
quartz sand;
dolomite;
lime.

The result is fiberglass that is resistant to external influences.

Advice! The question of what is better for painting, glass wallpaper or non-woven wallpaper, cannot be answered unequivocally. We advise you to choose fiberglass-based material for children's and living rooms, and in other cases be guided by your own taste and financial capabilities.

Paper models

This option will suit those who want to save a lot on cosmetic repairs. Paper ones were widespread in our parents' apartments. They consist of two layers of paper. In order for the wallpaper to have texture, an embossing method using wood chips is used.

Paintable vinyl wallpaper on non-woven backing

As we said earlier, the most common coating for non-woven backing is vinyl. This material itself is fragile; over time it dries out and crumbles. That is why such wallpapers must be painted. Paint creates not only color, but also a protective layer.

Vinyl is a coating made from polyvinyl chloride. It is also applied to a paper base. Vinyl can be easily wiped clean with a damp cloth. The service life of such material is up to 6 years.

Smooth wallpaper without a pattern for painting

If you want to visually align the walls of the room and cover them with your favorite shade, choose paintable wallpaper without. They are smooth and have no embossing. As a rule, the choice falls on this material if the owner wants to decorate the room in a minimalist style. The same option is acceptable for Scandinavian classics, where any details on the walls will be superfluous.

Structural wallpaper for painting

Most products have a pattern and structure. The more interesting the structure of the sheet, the more original it will look in the interior after painting.

Expert's point of view

Dmitry Kholodok

Technical director of the repair and construction company "ILASSTROY"

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“Paintable wallpaper can be repainted several times, but the texture is lost with each painting. Glass wallpaper can be painted most often, up to 10 times.”

A wide selection of structures will allow the room to sparkle with new colors, and this will also make it unique. They are as easy to wash as smooth ones.

Anti-vandal wallpaper for painting

Separately, I would like to talk about wallpaper that has anti-vandal properties. Their advantage is that they are able to withstand mechanical stress. Such material will come in handy in homes where there are small children or pets.

This property is ensured by a special dense vinyl layer. The possibility of repeated repainting is an additional advantage of the material. An example of high European quality is the German anti-vandal paintable wallpaper Erfurt. They also have an interesting texture.

Related article:

interesting solutions for the living room, bedroom, children's room, kitchen and corridor. Read our review for the basic rules for selecting canvases and designers’ recommendations.

Which wallpaper for painting is better to choose?

The choice of finishing material is difficult, even when it comes to wallpaper. When purchasing, you should pay attention to the following details:

price;
strength;
roll width;
appearance.

For and choose breathable materials for walkways, especially hallways, with a durable surface. If anti-vandal wallpaper seems expensive to you, feel free to choose fiberglass, which has proven itself well in use. The material will last the least paper based, followed by classic non-woven ones. The most durable options are considered to be fiberglass, as well as anti-vandal wallpaper, which have no competition. Today, meter-wide rolls are increasingly used, which are used to cover walls faster, and besides, the design looks perfect, because in this case there are fewer joints.

How to glue wallpaper for painting: progress and nuances

We'll tell you and clearly show you how to paint it. Using their example, you can learn about the nuances of work. The first step is to close all the windows and preferably even the doors, since they are afraid of drafts. For work you will need the following materials and tools:

glue (special or PVA);
wallpaper;
pencil;
primer;
roulette;
sharp knife;
wallpaper smoother;
wide brush for primer and glue;
long ruler.

No special need. We will show photos of the interior below. The paint will hide all the little things. Before starting work, the surface is thoroughly primed. To do this, choose a high-quality primer. You can walk 2-3 times to improve adhesion. We also dilute the glue, it should be thicker than usual.

There are two types of wallpaper:

without selecting a pattern;
with the selection of drawings.

If working with the first option is not difficult, then the second makes a person think. In fact, choosing a pattern should not be difficult. Take a look at the packaging; in addition to dry information, it contains a fitting map. It also indicates after what number of centimeters the pattern is repeated again. When cutting, you just have to move new leaf for this segment. In a separate publication you can find a convenient amount of wallpaper required.

Table 1. How to glue wallpaper for painting

Image	Description of work
	Measure the height of the walls and cut the wallpaper into pieces using a ruler, pencil and tape measure.
	Glue the sheets starting from the window or the far corner of the room. Take a tape measure and measure from the corner on the right a distance equal to the width of the roll. We put a mark with a simple pencil.
	Apply glue to the area where the first sheet will be glued. There should be no gaps left without glue.
	A sheet is taken and aligned along the line that was previously placed on the wall along the width of the sheet. The sheets are glued dry; only the wall is covered with glue.
	After leveling, iron with a smoothing iron. Smooth out from left to right slowly, piece by piece.
	If a pipe is adjacent to the wall, there are boxes and sockets available, then using a sharp knife these obstacles are bypassed on the spot.
	Then they move forward in the same way. Measure the distance, put a mark and determine the line. Only now smoothing is done from the joint, going to the left. Everything is ready, all that remains is to paint the walls. However, first you need to choose the right paint.

Video on how to properly glue wallpaper:

Related article:

In this publication, we will look at options for gluing non-woven, liquid and vinyl coverings, which glue is best to use, how to prepare the surface, how to glue the canvas to the ceiling, and methods for processing corners.

Which wallpaper paint is better for painting?

For each type of material, its own paint is selected. All of them belong to the category of water-dispersed. Its color is the client’s desire:

for paper and non-woven bases - water-based paint;
for glass wallpaper - acrylic or latex, to choose from.

This rule is not fundamental. The most popular paint is acrylic. It should be noted that it can also be used to paint non-woven material. Its main advantage is the absence of fear of moisture. Minus acrylic paint− matte shades. It will not be possible to make the surface glossy.

Carefully. It must match the texture and purpose of the room. We also advise you to pay attention to the paint base, its composition and characteristics.

Those who often have to re-paste the wallpaper because of the sketches of little “artists” and the marks of tailed pets have probably dreamed of rolling it all up with a paint roller. But the problem is that you need wallpaper for painting in the interior, and not those ordinary paper rolls that get wet and fall off the walls. And although a suitable type of coating has been developed and sold for a long time, many, out of inertia, before the upcoming repair, go to construction supermarkets for ordinary paper rolls. It's time to get out of this vicious circle - make repairs at lower costs. Textured wallpaper for painting is a great way to diversify the look of any room.

Paintable wallpaper – special kind finishing, allowing you to create a unique interior

IN last years There has been a design trend of moving away from conventional paper rolls for pasting in favor of painting the room. They often do this different ways, including two-color and multi-color coloring (one or all surfaces), as in the photo example of a wall painting design.

Paintable wallpaper looks great in the interior due to its embossed texture

Conservative people like it classic interior, which has not changed for decades, others like the frequent change of appearance of the living space. But sooner or later everyone has to renovate their house or apartment, and the question arises about covering the walls. Neatly painted walls in the interior are the most quick way transforming a room, especially when there is no time and money for major renovations.

For painting, you need an ideal wall surface - vertical, without defects or unevenness, after removing the old coating and fully leveling it. This involves professional plastering with a starting and finishing putty, then a double primer treatment. Only in this case can we expect that the walls will be smooth and suitable for coloring. But they will be without a textured pattern.

At any time, the color of the walls can be changed quickly and at minimal cost

Of course, you can decorate with special plaster. But an interior with painted walls on top of hand-decorated relief work is a labor-intensive process that requires skill.

Important! Rolled materials for painting, regardless of the base material, are intended for repeated painting. A small pattern will not lose its beauty after 3-4 color changes; walls with relief patterns can be repainted up to 5-7 times.

A wall covered with wallpaper for painting can be repainted several times

Another question is what color to paint the walls? Everyone has their own preferred shade, but it is not always appropriate for a given furniture or chosen interior style. In addition, each of them has its own subconscious perception and influence on the psyche. One palette activates, another calms, there are colors that are “healing” and those that are tiring, even irritating.

Paintable wallpaper looks very impressive

Advice. For those who are familiar with design programs, you can use the color fill method to check the look of your room.

A proven option is to choose any blurry pastel tone for walls. It is applied with a roller to the wallpaper for painting - you can choose the relief design options for the rolls themselves to suit your taste:

textured;
smooth;
patterned.

Some people choose smooth wallpaper because they can’t decide on a pattern. In this case, they will have the opportunity to show their imagination and depict their ideas on the walls.

Interesting combination of wallpaper colors with different structures

The relief design does not require perfect alignment. This is an excellent way to treat walls in new panel buildings; it is enough to putty the seams and joints of the wall blocks and cover them with a primer. The good thing is that you can vary the design of painted walls, including painting with niches, “panels,” colored blocks, or applying a pattern in the form of graffiti and abstraction.

Properties of rolls for painting

Good paintable wallpaper changes not only the design. The fiberglass coating will improve the microclimate and provide sound insulation. They are not as cold to touch as paper ones, like ordinary walls with painting.

Textured wallpaper covers minor unevenness in walls and ceilings well

Attention! Rolls on a woven basis are incompatible with the pranks of cats and dogs. In places where they are used to sharpening their claws, the wallpaper quickly loses its original appearance - use an overhead matting.

Wallpaper based on fiberglass is least susceptible to abrasion, which is why they are used in in public places and in the hallways

In an emergency, you can correct a scratched surface gypsum plaster and paint over. Therefore, it is advisable to leave a little paint for future use - to correct defects.

The good news is that such a base is easy to remove if you decide to use a different finish for the next renovation. The denser the rolls, the greater the possibility of removing them entirely. Some people manage to remove the paint and use embossed glass wallpaper for painting in the dressing room, on the balcony, in the pantry or toilet. But this is the case if water-dispersion based paint was used, and not latex, acrylic or silicone.

Thanks to the relief, the walls do not look boring or faceless. But the color can be changed according to the season - blue for the winter and light green for the spring-summer season. Only when repainting again is it advisable to choose a darker shade so that the “bald spots” do not show through the new layer. For the next update, it is enough to work the surface with a roller.

Beautiful patterns can be created using special rollers with stencils

Advice. It's better to paint in different directions, first apply vertically, then horizontally to “whiten” the layers of paint. If the color is the same, it is better to dilute the paint thinner for ease of work. Paint over the dark base with a thick solution.

It is better to paint in different directions

When working indoors, the safety of the composition is important. There are special interior eco-coatings that do not produce toxic fumes. This is especially important when working in a children's room or the bedroom of allergy and asthma sufferers.

For the quality of wall processing at all stages, it is important to follow the technology. This is the preparation of walls and rolls for gluing and painting, and the preparation of a coloring solution.

Attention! The less visible the joints on the wallpaper, the more accurately the dye will apply. Wide rolls are more difficult to glue, but there are fewer seams, which will ensure trouble-free operation for many years.

The service life of wallpaper largely depends on the basic surface preparation

Some types of paint are diluted with pigment or color for a specific shade, while the base is white. This is convenient when choosing a combination of wallpaper and wall painting in the interior of adjacent rooms. The beige hallway is adjacent to the café au lait living room, opal bedroom and caramel kitchen. To save money, buy one paint for all walls, diluting the containers with different pigments.

In order not to make a mistake when choosing a color scheme when painting walls, take into account important nuances.

Classic combinations:

a combination of closely related colors – 2 neutral, 2 cold, 2 pastel or 2 warm;
contrasting colors;
shades changing into each other or gradient.

Interior of a children's room in discreet colors

Competent design of the boundaries of color blocks, which is difficult to achieve without special devices. If it turns out sloppy, the joint is supplemented with overhead elements or molding:

border tiles;
wooden slats;
corner and strips made of plastic;
narrow mirror, wooden and polymer inserts.

Such elements can be easily secured with “liquid nails”, tenacious construction adhesive, for example, silicone-based, or special holders.

Large textured decor on wallpaper is suitable for spacious rooms

We stock up on paint or pigment. Experimenting with shades is good when you have the opportunity to add something. Often the desired tone is missing, especially if you ordered from a catalog. Damage to the surface can be easily repaired with a roller if there is exactly the same paint. With other components it is difficult to obtain the required analogue.

Designer wall color combinations

Colored inserts are a popular coloring method in interior design (we apply markings, apply masking tape along the border of painted wallpaper, finish the surface with a different color) in order to place decorative items against the background of these blocks.
Dividing the walls horizontally, designing different colors panels, wide stripes at the baseboard or along the perimeter of the ceiling. The border can be complemented with a baguette, border or molding that suits the style.
Painting with a stencil or roll with a pattern. A great idea for wall decoration if you want to add a pattern to a smooth or slightly structured surface. You will need a roller with attachments for applying patterns.
An original drawing is also an option if you want to redesign the eating area in the living room or the wall at the head of the bed in the bedroom. For example, a sakura branch or hand-drawn hieroglyphs are a traditional technique in Japanese style.
Decorating an accent wall is a favorite technique of many designers. This is a spectacular statement of stylish and fashionable interior with painting the walls. Three walls are left neutral or background, one is designed to visually attract attention. Against this background you can place equipment, antique collections, products self made, designer installation or works of art.
A complex abstract or geometric pattern that can transform a room beyond recognition. A pattern can carry an independent semantic load or complement the overall design concept.
Painting walls with wide stripes is a popular way to decorate a large space. Only if it is a long corridor, then it is better to make the stripes vertical. IN one-room apartment, separated by zoning, stripes can be combined. Invoice roll materials You can also change it for painting, alternating a smooth and rough field.

Designers use a simple division of surfaces into zones depending on their purpose. Highlighting occurs with color, texture or a combination of both tools

Combination of different colors

What material is the best wallpaper for painting?

Only special wallpaper is suitable for painting; it will not be harmed by getting wet during painting:

paper, with special impregnation or vinyl coating;
non-woven (non-woven textiles made from compressed viscose fibers);
glass wallpaper (made of patterned or embossed) fiberglass.

As a rule, when purchasing, they choose only one type of wallpaper for painting in a residential interior.

The price of wallpaper for painting depends on the material of manufacture and the presence of embossing

Table. Cost of wallpaper for painting

Attention! Don’t be confused by the price of the coating, as this will result in significant savings, at least during the next 3-5 repairs. The only costs will be for paint.

Paper base with vinyl coating for painting can be different types– smooth, patterned, embossed and foamed. They are often used to finish ceilings that are not at risk of flooding. This is a relatively economical type modern finishes, regarding multi-level structures and tension fabrics.

Vinyl wallpapers paper based

Most often you can find a traditional pattern on sale:

herringbone";
rustic texture or matting;
waves;
rough or pimply background.

Textured varieties are among the most popular

Important! Foamed vinyl is the most voluminous, but it is a great way to hide defects in walls and ceilings. Such obi look very noble, combining effectively with most types of decoration.

Linkrust is an innovative material on a natural basis; it contains cellulose and cotton fibers with various fillers. The surface looks like laminated or waxed, looks great in the design of walls for painting. They belong to eco-materials, therefore they are quite valuable not only as decoration for residential premises, but are suitable for offices, hotels, and restaurants.

Linkrusta wallpaper is considered an elite finishing material that retains its properties for decades

Non-woven wallpaper is denser and stronger than paper wallpaper and is not afraid of getting wet. But they do not need to be wetted before application; only the wall is treated. This is very convenient when covering a surface of 2 floors, for example, in halls, recreation areas or hallways of two-story cottages.

Non-woven wallpaper is practical and quite durable

Important! The non-woven covering is quite elastic, so it is chosen for houses that shrink (possibility of cracks).

Fiberglass is the most expensive type of paintable wallpaper, but it's worth it

The so-called glass wallpaper is an excellent basis for painting walls; they are made from fiberglass. A relatively new coating, however, wallpaper has already found a lot of adherents due to its properties, including strength, durability and fire resistance.

Glass wallpaper does not burn, is wear-resistant and can be successfully used even in the bathroom

Types of wallpaper paints

Most types of interior paints are compatible with roll coatings for painting:

water-soluble emulsions;
latex paint;
silicone based;
acrylic paint;
eco-paint based on natural resinous substances.

Advice. In order not to make a mistake with your choice, read on the selected rolls which composition is most compatible! Acrylic and latex compounds can be applied to fiberglass, and universal wallpaper glue is suitable as a primer.

For residential premises, choose light shades, for example, pink, lilac, salad, lemon, beige and pearl gray.

For painting, brushes and rollers with different attachments are used - the variety is indicated on the wallpaper rolls. In the corners and hard to reach places After the roller, finish with a narrow paint brush. Each new layer is applied after complete drying, with the exception of water-based compositions.