What is a basement? Simply, room at home. There are special technologies in the construction of the basement, in which the basement waterproofing is provided, waterproofing the outer wall of the basement and the foundation. Waterproofing protects the basement, and, consequently, the house from moisture and water to the house. However, the technologies for the construction of basements does not provide for the mandatory insulation of basements and the more non-heating is not provided in the basement and even more so in the underground.
But not only the basement, the room in the house for storing a separate home Skarba, but also underground is a source of cold air penetrating to the house. The underground of the first floor is formed between the walls of the belt foundation, as well as all other foundations other than the monolithic foundations of the UCP and RPP. By definition, the underground is cold, well thought out (ventilated) space under the house. Ventilation provides special ventilation openings in the foundation (produced). Do not save from the cold mandatory backflow of soil and layers from rubble and sand in the underground.
All these features make the main requirement for the floor of the first floor of a private house - its insulation. Normated insulation of gender SNIP 23-02-2003 " Heavy protection buildings. " More about architectural design in.
5 floor structures above the basement depending on the type of overlapping
Wooden floor design over basement
Wooden floor on the first floor of the house is made by lags. Lags can lie (rely on) on the pillars from concrete and bricks or selected in size and stacking step, to be made without support.
In both cases, the bottom of the beam is made from the tree, the non-combustible insulation is placed on it ( mineral wool) And on top everything is sewn with OSB plates or moisture-resistant plywood.
The design of the wooden floor by lags lagged on the reference poles is similar. The difference is only in the insulation of beams from contact with the stone platforms of the support pillars with the help of wooden gaskets covered with antiseptic and covered with rubberoid.
In the picture, one layer of this design did not fit, but it is needed. This is a layer of a vaporizolator, which is placed on the insulation, under the brine of the first floor.
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Concrete floor design over the basement
Optionally, the use of beams for the floor of the first floor. With a good foundation, the black floor of the first floor can be a concrete slab overlap. In this case, the design of the floor changes, but the principle remains the same: the floor must be insulated and protected from the formation of condensate due to the temperature difference.
If a concrete slab is used as the base of the first floor, any part of the floor is appropriate:
- Paul on wooden lags laid on the stove, with insulation between lags;
- Warm water or electric floor;
- Semi-dry screed on the layer of rigid insulation with the subsequent device of thin electric floor.
Loaded floor design (floating floor)
The loaded floor, the base of which serves as the slab overlap, is done like this:
The insulation of polystyrene is spilled on the ceiling slab, a film is stacked on it, which will serve as a waterproofer. Through the film is made. Floating floor screed is separated from the walls with a thin layer of insulation (damper). The dry tie is covered with a vapor insulator and a steering base for the first floor.
Note
Usually, for insulation of the floor of the first floor, a wooden warm floor device does not apply. Let me remind you, the wooden system of the warm floor is to be made, between lags or on a special wooden flooring and laid on it reflective elements.
However, it is quite acceptable, to arrange a warm floor on the first floor, if it is a slab overlap. The main thing is not to forget that the insulation of concrete from the extruded polypropylene should be thicker 25-30 mm. And also under the insulation, the waterproofing material is stacked on the stove, and the heat reflective material is placed on the insulation.
The basement in the garage is convenient, practical and allows professional repair Auto. How to overlap the cellar in the garage and make reliable reinforced concrete overlap itself.
The selection of the ceiling slab depends on the size of the garage, the properties of the soil and the features of the foundation of the building. The amount and weight of the car, which are planned to be stored in the garage, the overlap must withstand the alleged loads (with a margin).
You can make two versions of the ceiling in the garage cellar:
- flooring hollow reinforced concrete slabs - For such plates, the foundation walls are the walls of the garage, which should be durable, since they have loads and from above and from the side of the sides;
- if the garage is already built and there is a foundation, the ceiling of the cellar is poured separately - this is a more laborious process.
For a cellar device in any garage, you need to hold certain prerequisites.
What you need to do before starting to dig a cellar inside the garage:
- it is necessary to find out - what kind of ground on the site - on weak and clay soils, which differ in high bunchiness, the walls of the cellar need to additionally reinforce to prevent the soil pressure;
- it is necessary to find out whether there are deeply spent communications (electrician, water supply) on the site of the cellar device;
- if the high humidity and garage stands on the seasonal path wastewater, before laying heavy slabs, overlapping, you need to make a reliable circular drainage system to prevent the slabs from sending and the large shrinkage of the foundation;
- it is necessary to find out what height is soaked water, as in the spring and autumn in the cellar can be knee-driven. With high passage groundwater It is necessary to arrange internal and external drainage.
When all the preliminary work on the removal of ground and seasonal waters is made and the walls and the floor of the cellar are securely hydraulicized, you can start the floor mounting, it will be the floor of our garage.
Plate of overlap - how to choose the right size and perform installation
The slab for the garage overlap can be made of concrete or from reinforced concrete. R / w Plates are released full and hollow. The mass of the full-scale plate is much higher, so the load on the walls of the cellar is very high. For overlaps in the garage it is better to choose hollow railway plates, they are cheaper than monolithic.
The hollow plates due to air, which is inside the plate, ensure the best thermal insulation of the floor in the garage and basement.
As a garage overlap can be used and beams from reinforced concrete, but in this case it will be necessary to engage in thorough sealing and strengthening of joints (concreting) - slab for overlapping over the basement of reliable.
It is not necessary to choose the ribbed plates for the garage, since, first, all these products are standard length and it is difficult to choose the material in size, as well as the edges around the edges will cause problems with the floor trim in the garage.
Stiffness and resistance to high loads of the ceiling slab depends on the used fittings and the brand of the concrete mix. When choosing a material you need to remember that for brick wall The basement of the width of the laying for overlapping should be at least 15 cm, and for concrete - 10 cm.
Mass w / w plates are large, so you immediately need to find out the possibilities of hired lifting equipment. Will the hired crane can withstand this weight of the cargo when the arrows lowered.
The calculation of loads on the walls of the basement is required. Since total loads on the stove are up to 3 tons (walls, car, coating, roof), then additionally need to install welded ducts or rails as a holding frame for heavy slabs.
Installation of reinforced concrete slabs
Rules for laying reinforced concrete floors:
- the slabs of the overlap are stacked by the already erected walls of the basement of the truck;
- installation is carried out on a cement solution of medium density. The time of setting such a solution is about 20 minutes. It is possible to align the stove and install it smoothly and correctly;
- on the walls of the slab, the overlap must be in at least 15 cm.
Important. After mounting the plates on the walls, you need to close the ends to eliminate the drainage of the wall.
How to insulate and isolate from moisture etho plates:
- fill all the empties in the ends of the panels of the layer of mineral wool - the thickness of such a layer inside 30 cm;
- cemented by concrete solution - the depth of laying a solution of 20 - 30 cm;
- you can additionally insulate voids from the ends with a broken brick and cement.
The ends of the plates are a weak place through which the overlap can constantly freeze and get out. With a heated garage, the dew point in a displeasted joint is shy inward, and the slab of the overlap begins "sweat" - the humidity in the basement and in the garage increases.
If such a problem with the slab overlap already exists, then it can be corrected. You need to drill the holes in the condensate formation places in the stove, as close as possible to the wall. Now in these holes it is necessary to insert the tubes directed and downloaded in them. mounting foam. So it turns out a plug that protects the stove from the freezing.
The ends of the ceiling slab need to be isolated from the inside, and outside - it will eliminate the humidity in the cellar and in the garage. Often, the owners of garages face the problem of humidity in the basement precisely because of the end joints of the plates that were not isolated and insulated, hence the permanent humidity in the cellar.
How to cut a hole in the railway plate
Standard wetting plates from the M200 cement brand have a strength of 800 kg / m2, but the sizes of the hatch hole must match the length and width of the plate so as not to reduce its strength.
For plate width 1.2 m - a 90 x 90 cm hatch, not more.
How to break the hole in the railway panel for the hatch to the cellar:
- we cut the plates only in the joints of the joint, calculating so that two plates accounted for the same sizes in width and length. For example, with the size of the opening of 90 x 90 cm, 45x 90 cm per plate and 45 x 90 cm on the other. Thus, we evenly distribute the load on each overlap;
- horizontally need to be cut through the void line;
- vertical fittings can not cut the grinder. Since the rod of the reinforcement is firmly fixed in concrete, then the grinding circle can simply swam. First, the rods need to be written, and after breaking the crowbar or hammer.
After installing the plates you can make a beautiful metal carcass From the corner, hiss all the irregularities of trimming.
Be sure to connect between the plates (Rusta) must be concrete to give the whole structure to the rigidity and securely cut the plates.
Plates for overlap in the garage significantly accelerate all construction processes, but such materials are not cheap, plus you need to rent lifting equipment. Therefore, many pouring the slab overlap themselves - it is much cheaper.
How to make a slab overlap in the garage
How to pour a monolithic base over the basement in the garage:
- by the size of the basement, we make a formwork from old boards or plywood. Breeping such a formwork from bottom to vertical racks or side by horizontal rails or channel, step meter, and a half;
- the stove of this overlap should be wider than the perimeter of the basement by 20 cm on each side;
- formwork joints Sealing so that concrete is securely grabbed, and cement milk has emerged.
- according to the laid out formwork, exhibit the reinforcement frame (the diameter of the reinforcement is 10-12 mm). Frame mesh step - 15 cm;
- be sure to connect all reinforcement connections to the wire;
- around the perimeter of the hatch you need to immediately weld the frame from the corner (45x45 mm);
- for such overlapping, it is more reliably using concrete M500 brand;
- the thickness of the concrete layer is not less than 20 cm;
- when a device of such a ceiling over the basement in the garage, when the concrete is pouring, it is necessary to pour a screed with vibration so that the mixture is distributed as evenly and filled out all empties.
Important. You can only load such a screed only after the complete pouring of the concrete is not earlier than in 20 days.
If you use ready-made concrete with anti-corrosion and strengthening additives, you can be confident in the reliability and strength of the slab of the overlap.
Repair of the slab overlap
Most often, the deformation of the ceiling occurs due to the shrinkage of the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the location of the soil and raise the slab according to the technology of lifting and repairing reinforced concrete foundations.
Small cracks and chips in the stoves need to be simply cleaned and cement. If the crack is big, then horizontal reinforcement is performed and a concrete screed is poured on it.
Wooden floors - advantages and disadvantages
This is the most inexpensive version of the ceiling device in the garage cellar, which can be performed with your own hands. If the load on the floor in the garage is small, then you can set the frame of overlapping and from wooden beams.
Sequence of work:
- beams exhibit on the walls of the basement, step 70 cm - 1meter, depending on the selected beam diameter. Establish the carrier beams of the wooden floor overlap need not in the length of the room, but across. The smaller the step between wooden beams, the most reliable the base of the floor of the garage;
- it is necessary before installing wooden beams to handle antiseptic and moisture protection impregnation, the ends of wooden beams wrap in two layers of rubberoid or squeeze.
Compared to the reinforced concrete tie of such a ceiling in the cellar, if it is arranged in the garage, less reliable and durable, since the carrying capacity of the coating is significantly lower.
Warming and waterproofing
The ceiling insulation in the basement is carried out from below the wooden or metal crate or from above, over the cement screed. Mineral wool or foam plates are suitable as insulation from budgetary materials.
Must besides insulation, it is necessary to pay attention to the reliable waterproofing of the basement. The most common options for waterproofing cellar:
- coating resin in two layers of overhead slabs;
- coating by multiple layers of rubberoid;
- application of water-repellent mastic over all coils.
It is important not to forget about the insulation of the floor in the cellar. Such insulation can be done with the help of quite affordable materials:
- pillow of sand and gravel, on it layer of clay or broken red brick, then a cement screed;
- warming with a layer of clay mixed with sawdust (layer thickness of at least 20 cm), but only on soils, where there is no high humidity;
- warming with ordinary sheet polyurethane foam or foam.
Mineral wool is not worth applying as a heater for the floor of the cellar - during wetting this material completely loses all its heat-insulating characteristics, so high-quality expensive waterproofing will be necessary.
The most reliable version of insulation + waterproofing is sprayed polyurethane foam. The material creates a reliable and durable waterproof film that retains the perfect microclimate in the cellar.
The easiest option is the annual leaving whitewash.
No insulation and waterproofing will help get rid of dampness in the basement if high-quality room ventilation is not arranged.
Ventilation basement in the garage
Natural ventilation is inexpensive, but depends on many weather factors, therefore no reliability is different. If the garage is planned to store vegetables, it is better to make forced ventilation.
Important rules for ventilation device in the garage basement:
- one end of the supply pipe natural ventilation Mounted at 20 - 50 cm on the level of the cellar floor, and the second is 30 cm above the level of the soil;
- be sure to close the outer hole of the pipe with a protective grid and top coverso that the water does not get into the cellar;
- the second tap tube is installed half a meter above the roof of the garage and at the level - 10 cm from the ceiling level of the cellar;
- forced ventilation is easy to make enough to install a household fan that can be turned on as needed.
Basically, the ventilation is necessary in summer, when the most sharp temperature difference is observed.
I recently bought myself a housing. The former owner turned out to be a decent person and immediately warned me that the boards from which Paul was made above the basement, from time to time and dampness and demand urgent replacement. He probably feared that at one fine moment I could fall there. The basement himself was in the house under the kitchen and had the following dimensions: the width is 2.4 m, the length is 2.3 m. From the inside it was covered with brick and coating with a layer of clay.
Paul above him lay on two wooden beams and consisted of boards and laying chipboard on top of them. He was made crookedly and deteriorated to such an extent that it was really dangerous to walk on him. All wood was beaten by tree bugs, and some DSP plates were squeezed and became friable.
Initially, I expected just to replace the boards on it, but then, slowly, I thought about it, decided to make a metal frame and pour it with concrete. First, in the basement there will always be dampness, no matter how cool, and therefore new boards, given the current quality of the forest, there is definitely not enough for a long time, secondly, if you do, it is reliably, once and for all, and what can be fixed reinforced concrete?
Dismantling of the old floor
First of all, it was necessary to remove the chipboard, and then the boards. With the help of a nail, hammer and scrap, I managed to do this in three hours. There were no problems with plates, but it was necessary to disassemble the boards more: they were nailed to the beams with huge nails, so they broke off with great difficulty. After wood coating The floor was completely removed, I had to remove a decent layer of the earth around the walls around the walls (one pin) to remove all existing irregularities and plan the surface. This case took the rest of the day. The next morning there were welding work.
Making framework
Metal for the manufacture of frame I did not regret. Perhaps it used it even more than necessary, but only in order not to put additional pillars inside the cellar, which reduces its free space. The basis of the design was thick-walled pipes (? 61 mm, the thickness of the wall is 5 mm), which I did not even have to buy. The fact is that before heating was done in the house. It looked terribly, bulky, so it's quite natural that I removed all this iron from the rooms, replacing it with modern heating devices. And the pipes, as you can see, came in handy for the basement.
At first, I evenly distributed four powerful three-meter pipes, which are carriage beams, over a cellar pit (after 80 cm). Then, putting them in exactly the level, began to weld them with each other. To do this, I needed pipes of a smaller diameter (? 32 mm - 12 m) and thick fittings (? 12 mm - 40 m). First of all, I welded between the beams of 15 jumpers, after which it tightened the entire design to them with a welded reinforcement rods. The result was a very reliable metal frame.
Separately, I would like to stay on the manufacture of a frame that framed the entrance to the basement. I made her from profile pipe 40/20 mm in the form of a rectangle (length - 70 cm, width - 50 cm). What to pay attention to? Firstly, all the corners of the frame should be perfectly straight, the sizes of the sides are strictly weathered, otherwise the lid will enter it loosely, and it will become from the cellar. Secondly, it should be welded in such a way that it is in height in one level with pipes-beams, which are also the beacons.
The lid itself was also made by me from the profile pipe (40/20 mm) and a thick piece of plywood, reliably connected with its metal base screws. The limiter for the lid, eliminating the possibility of its fall into the basement, served as a corner welded to the bottom side of the framed frame. That day I worked with the welding of the soul: from the very morning to a deep night, but still finished the case. Some electrodes burned almost two packs, and a caustic smoke hit - horror! (Pipes were in the paint).
Installing formwork
Metal frame was ready, now I had to solve a new task - to mount the formwork over the cellar. Were considered different variants Its manufacturer, but in the end my choice fell on the chipboard plate, which were removed from the old floor. Why? First, close the large space over the pit was easier and faster, secondly, the gaps where could shed liquid concreteThanks to the stoves almost there. I fucked them to the frame on the bottom of the thick knitting wire: first drilled the drill in Chipboard hole, then he made a wire in them, after which the pliers fastened it tightly to the reinforcement. It turned out reliably, but, taking into account the severity of concrete, I just in case put a few temporary backups from below.
Working with concrete is a serious test, especially if you need to determine 12 m in one day? With a layer thickness of 10 cm. For this reason, I called for a friend's help, pre-prepared everything you need for this: sewing gravel, cement, trough for kneading, shovel, shoulder, rule. We were distributed like this: together the concrete was kneaded (in the proportion of 1/5), then one brought it in the vendors to the place of the fill and poured, and the other - Running a ready-made mixture by the three-meter rule, tightly pressing him to the beacons and committing them frequent oscillatory movements to the parties.
Together worked in the hunt. Starting to work at eight in the morning, we have already finished the fill to dinner. The result was pleased. Paul came out even, and the whole room was immediately transformed. Two days later, when the concrete could already be walking, I took the old car drive and, making circular movements on the floor surface, removed small irregularities from it. Now it remained only to wait until the concrete dries completely.
Final Accord
Week passed, and I began to finish work. First of all, abundantly painted the dried concrete surface of the primer. But not for beauty, no, but to reduce the amount of dust, which is inevitably formed when walking. When the paint dried, put a waterproofing film on the floor, which prevents the penetration of moisture from concrete into the linoleum. After that, as you already guessed, Linoleum was mining, but not simple, and the thick, insulated, with a resistant to the surface, which is not afraid of dragging over it. Expensive pleasure (price running meter About 2 thousand rubles), but believe me, worth the money spent.
Entrance to the basement and the lid itself I finished decorative metal corner. It turned out neat and beautiful: under the corner it was possible to hide the unevenly cropped edges of the linoleum, besides, he tightly pressed them to the surface. I did the handle for the lid not the usual, but removable, so that it does not interfere with when walking. To do this, drilled the cover in the center, on the reverse side, screwed the metal plate to which the ordinary nut was screwed. Under Shee produced a special key, which is a small twist with a thread and a gorge on the end.
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The cellar is an indispensable building for owners of private houses, ensuring the safety of food for a long time. It is a room located below the zero mark and does not take an extra room on the site. Celebrating the blocking of the cellar, taking into account the construction norms, will ensure the strength of the structure, will support a stable temperature over round year And it will not allow to form dampness.
Storage for food, preservation, vegetables, despite the seeming simplicity, will correspond to the appointment, if it is responsible to approach the performance and correctly overlap the cellar.
Work on the overlap of the basement and the cellar with their own hands can be done on their own
Preparatory activities
In order to fully fulfill the placed functions, before starting to build a cellar with their own hands, pay attention to the following points:
- Examination of earthworks is preceded by the development of the planning of the room, which is thought out to the smallest detail. This, in the future, will avoid unforeseen situations.
- Rate the level of groundwater in place of construction. Perfect optionIf they are located low. At the location of the floor of the storages below the rich water of the formation, take care so that the water does not penetrate across the floor and walls.
Only after reliable protection against moisture, you can equip the overlap for the cellar. The task of waterproofing construction is one of the main, since it determines the comfortable room mode. How to execute it correctly?
Protection against moisture
Reliable waterproofing in the cellar makes it difficult to penetrate moisture and is carried out as follows:
- apply a layer of plaster with the addition of liquid glass on the side surfaces of the basement;
- still 2-3 layers of rubberoid to a wet cement solution;
- take the brickwork, with which press the walls of waterproofing.
Before the fill of concrete to create a basement overlap, you need to mount reinforcement and formwork
Floor protection is carried out in a similar way, it provides for the preparation of the "pillow" with a thickness of 20 cm from a grinding mixture and sand.
When the box is prepared (walls, the floor is concreted and waterproof), the overlap in the basement is built. It should be determined from which it is better to make a ceiling? After an answer to this serious question, you can calculate the need for materials and start performing work.
Convenient when the basement is located indoors where it is stored vehicle. After completing all the work in the garage with your own hands, you will be able to save financial resources, as you will not attract professional builders. To reduce costs, define in advance necessary materials, find out prices for which they can be purchased. This will allow you to evaluate general level expenses.
What types of ceilings can be installed on the cellar?
Types of overlap
To ensure the tightness of the basement applies various designswhich use:
- whole reinforced concrete slabs;
- reinforced concrete monolithic elements;
Quality Quality Increases Pouring With Vibrating
- wooden structures;
- beams.
Consider the details of their differences, the specifics of the arrangement.
Features of the installation of a monolithic block
If you think about how to make the cellar overlap so that it is practical and reliable, then we recommend the common option - a monolithic reinforced concrete unit, which is a reinforcing frame, filled with concrete.
The process of creating a whole reinforced framework requires the implementation of recommendations:
For owners of private houses, the cellar is an indispensable building for storing food for a long time. Suitable below the ground level.
This design has many advantages - the place on the site remains free, the stable temperature is maintained throughout the year. The overlap of the cellar, made according to the construction standards, should ensure the strength of the structure, maintain the desired temperature and humidity mode.
Before the construction of the cellar, do it yourself, it is necessary to take into account the following points:
- work begins with placing planning;
- determine the level of groundwater occurrence. Waterproofing of the room is necessary if the level of groundwater is higher than the cellar floor. For this use, as a rule, runneroid and brick. - important momentwhich affects the temperature and humidity of the room.
At the end of the work related to the construction of walls and waterproofing of the room, the question arises - how to overlap the cellar.
Types of overlap
To ensure the tightness of the cellars, various designs are used in which:
- whole reinforced concrete slabs;
- reinforced concrete monolithic elements;
- beams;
- wooden structures;
- monolithic overlap of the professional flooring.
A common option, practical and reliable - monolithic reinforced concrete block made of concrete and reinforcing frame.
Monolithic overlapping
The overlap of the cellar concrete is performed after the construction of a wooden formwork. The overlap in its dimensions should exceed the size of the room. Special backups must withstand the design of the formwork after pouring it with concrete and during drying. The formwork is pre-seal to prevent the leakage of the solution during the fill.
After installing the formwork, the framework of the concrete slab frame is carried out. The reinforcement grid of the frame must be over the walls of the cellar for several centimeters from all sides. The interval between the rods of the grid is 20-25 cm. Single-layer reinforcement frame ensures reliability, but two-layer reinforcement is recommended to increase strength. 
Then the process of filling the concrete composition begins, which forms a future slab; Usually, the height of the plate does not exceed 30 cm. The fill of the concrete is performed evenly, continuously until the entire stove is formed.
During the pouring, concrete is subjected to vibrations by a regular board or reinforcement to prevent the formation of air cavities. The correct fill of the composition will make the ceiling by monolithic and durable, which will serve not one dozen years. After the fill, the concrete slab should stand the month until complete solidification.
According to experts, this overlap of the cellar is proper and efficient. The high strength of the monolithic design allows it to use it as a foundation for the construction of various buildings.
Plates
Overlapping from collection and monolithic plates can be used for different types cellars. For construction work It is required to hire a special lifting technique. The dimensions of the cellar in that case are customized under the dimensions of the plate at the stage of design of the room.
Several plates are placed on the cellar. In the hollow plates lay the heat insulating layer. The junctions between the plates are close to concrete. This method of construction significantly reduces the timing of the work of work.
Use beams
Method of overlapping on beams. What to block the cellar? It is possible to use ordinary rails. High strength is also different than bearing beams. 
Metal bearing beams can be used to overlap the cellar. Ordinary rails are suitable for this purpose, which can be purchased on metal bonds or in metal reception items.
With this method of the construction of the cellar overlap during the construction stage, it is necessary to provide for special grooves for fastening the beams. The ceiling with beams will have significant loads on the walls, so the walls must be as strong as possible.
Procedure for performing work:
- The beams are laid in advance prepared grooves in the wall. Beams may have a significant weight, so it is more convenient to lay them together.
- In space between beams, reinforcement bars fixed with wire are mounted.
- Install a wooden formwork and a waterproofing layer is applied to it. After mounting, the formwork is set backups that can withstand the load of the cement mortar.
- The concrete solution is evenly poured into the formwork without interruptions. The solution is sealing with wooden traamies so that there are no voids in the thickness of the design.
Heat-waterproofing of concrete overlap
The overlap requires high-quality thermal insulation. For this purpose, you can use almost any heat insulation material, from those on sale. Concrete overlap, made in this way, can withstand serious loads. After work on waterproofing, the overlap can be filled with a soil or additionally to protect against the penetration of precipitation of the bathous roof.
Wooden designs
Wooden bars - time proven material for overlapping. Procedure for performing work:
- treat from antiseptic all wooden parts of the structure;
- supporting surfaces of beams Wrap in two layers of rubberoid;
- install wooden bars on top cellar walls;
- small straps to fix the end part of the bars, creating the basis for the Outline boards;
- to lay a boardwalk by securing it with self-draws.
Before overlapping with wooden beams, waterproofing is done.
Overlapping professional flooring
The monolithic overlap of the professional floor is a modern way to overlap the cellar. Technology does not require significant costs and reduces the timing of work.
In the groove on the wall of the cellar stacked a foreign one. A sheet from a professional flooring is installed on the inter. Corrugation is oriented by expansion down. The mount is produced by self-drawing on the joints and in the places of adjustment to the beams.
In each edge, the longitudinal reinforcement is placed in a step of 190-200 mm and bind it with a transverse rod, placed on top of the sheet vertical segments. Between the beams are uniformly mounted backups to avoid deflection of professional flooring. Produce fill with concrete. After a month, the backups dismantle.
In another embodiment, the inner regiment is laying up a professional flooring. The laying is performed along the length of the sheet, i.e. Corrugations across the span of beams. The design is fixed with self-draws. Lay the reinforcement and poured concrete to the entire thickness of the heap.
In the third version, professional flooring is installed without supporting beams. Installation is carried out with a support of the professional flooring and fittings on the walls with temporary supporting supports. The sheet of professional flooring is fixed on the mortgage columns by an anchor for metal. The reinforcement is welded to mortgage columns at all points of contact. The overlap is recommended to pour concrete at a time.
Ventilation
When choosing options, how to block the cellar, you need to think over the installation of ventilation. At the blocking device, it is recommended to do holes for installation in further ventilation pipes.
From high-quality ventilation, the preservation of products in the repository depends largely. The best ventilation will provide two pipes, one of which will be exhaust, and the other inlet. Pipes are diagonally in opposite angles, due to which air circulation will be more intense.
One of the asbestos-cement pipes should be lowered almost to the very floor of the basement and not reach it 15-20 cm. Another pipe should be installed almost at the level of the ceiling of the basement and protrude down no more than 5-7 cm.
The subjects should not be located near the pipes not to interfere with the air flow. To prevent falling into the cellar of precipitation, garbage, penetration of insects and rodents, over ventilation pipes Caps are mounted, and the metal grid is installed inside the pipe.
Warming overlap
The insulation of the overlap is another important stage of construction along with waterproofing of wall thermal insulation. The heat insulation layer can be created by cement mortar with wooden sawdust with a thickness of approximately 4 cm.
High thermal insulation provides modern material Polyurethan. The advantage of the material is simplicity when mounting; It practically does not increase the weight of the insulated surface. Disadvantage - material costly.
How to pour the ceiling in the cellar - the answer to the question depends on, financial capabilities, individual preferences. The right choice will make the room functional and durable.