Massage execution technique

Massage techniques were described in antiquity by the doctors of Greece, India, China and other countries. But since then, the technique of performing techniques has undergone a number of changes and improvements.

To date, 5 main techniques are distinguished in the classic massage: stroking, kneading, rubbing, vibration and impact techniques.

The choice and combination of the above techniques depend on many factors. First of all, the nature and stage of the disease, as well as the floor, the age of the patient and its condition by the time of massage are taken into account. In addition, an important factor is the anatomy-physiological features of the massable area.

When carrying out a massage, one reception is rarely used. The massage session, as a rule, consists of a combination of several types of receptions. In order to achieve maximum effect, it is necessary to alternate the main massage techniques and combine them with auxiliary.

Massage techniques

Since the main tool of the massage therapist are hands, first of all it is necessary to determine the working zones on them. On the palm surface of the brush (Fig. 7) There are 2 main areas: the base of the palm and the palm surface of the fingers and 2 elevations (I and IV fingers). Each finger (except I) has 3 phalanges: nail, middle and basic. In addition, the practice also uses the elbow and radiation edge of the brush.

Fig. 7. Palular surface of the brush: 1 - elevation of the V finger; 2 - end phalanges of fingers; 3 - the elevation of the I finger; 4 - the base of the palm; 5 - radiation edge of the brush; 6 - Luxury edge of the brush

In some cases, the techniques are performed not only by palm, but also the back of the brush, fingers or combs of the fingers bent into the fist.

Stroke

Massage begin and finish with stroking. When it is performed, the hand slides on the skin, without shifting it into the fold, with a different degree of pressure.

This technique has an impact on metabolic processes, increases muscle tone, enhances blood microcirculation; facilitates the outflow of lymph and blood, which leads to a decrease in edema; Promotes the rapid removal of the exchange products from the body, and also cleans the skin from horny scales, residues secrets of sweat and sebaceous glands.

In practice, two methods of stroking are used, one of which has a soothing effect (superficial stroking), and the other is a tonic (deep and intermittent). In addition, the reception has an anesthetic and absorbing effect.

In small parts of the body, as a rule, the reception is carried out by a large finger pad or pillows of II-V fingers, and large surfaces of the body stroke the base of the palm, fists, the palm and the back surface of the brush.

Plane stroking Apply with massage limbs, chest, abdomen, back, neck and face. Reception is performed by the palm surface, tightly pressed to the skin. The brush does not have to be tense. Movements are made in different directions (longitudinally, transversely, circular, spiralized) both with one hand and two (Fig. 8).

Fig. 8. Direction of hand movements when massage: A - straightforward; b - zigzag; in - spiral-shaped; r - Crucifical; d - Stroking

Deep plane stroking Most often used during the massage of the area of \u200b\u200bthe pelvis, back, chest and limbs. Reception is carried out with the burden of one palm of the other, with varying degrees of pressure. The movements are carried out on the current of the lymph towards the lymph nodes.

Cutting stroking It is performed tightly adjacent to the massable area with a brush folded in the form of a gutter (I finger is maximally set aside and is opposed to the rest (II-V) closed fingers), directing all the movements of the hand from the periphery to the center along the vessels. When performing a clamping stroke (Fig. 9) The hand can move both continuously and intermittently.

Fig. 9. Clamping stroking towards the nearest lymph node

Intermittent stroking As a rule, applied to massage limbs and small parts of the body. The movement of the hand should be rhythmic, while you need to wrap your hand and squeeze, then let go.

The auxiliary receptions of strokes include nipper, comb-shaped, robust, concentric stroking and ironing.

Peddle stroking Apply under the massage of small joints (fingers of the brush and foot), tendons and individual muscles (face, ear sinks, nose), palms, soles, lumbar region, the back of the tibia. Reception is performed by large and index or I-II and III plug-and-shaped fingers (Fig. 10). Capturing your muscles or joints, stroking over all of their length.

Fig. 10. Plugceum stroking

Grepe-shaped stroiting Apply on muscle groups in the back area and pelvis. Reception is performed by the main phalanges of the bent fingers, while the thumb of the left hand is clamped with the right hand.

Grable stroking used in the area of \u200b\u200bthe scalp, for massage intercostal gaps and in those parts of the body, where it is necessary to bypass damaged skin Covers. The reception is made by fingers of one or two hands, located robble, sometimes with burden. Hand brush when performing this reception is located at an angle from 30 to 45 ° to the massagable surface. (Fig. 11).

Fig. 11. Grable-shaped stroiting

Ironing (Fig. 12) Apply with back massage, hips, faces, abdomen, soles. The reception is carried out with the fingers of one or two brushes, which at the same time bended in the pocket-phalangeal joints at a right angle to the palm, and the back surface of the main and medium phalanges of the four fingers, and in the opposite direction, stroking with the pads of straightened fingers (robust reception).

Fig. 12. Herack

Concentric stroking Apply with joints of the joints, limbs, muscles of adapters and neck. Reception is performed by clamping the joint with two hands. At the same time, on the one hand, large fingers are located, and on the other - the rest. Circular stroking movements produce to the main lymph nodes in the direction of lymphotok.

When conducting strokes, general methodical instructions must be performed:

1. Muscles massageable before starting massage should be in a relaxed state.

2. Massage starts and finish with strokes.

3. Stroking can be performed in combination with other massage techniques (rubbing, kneading and vibration).

4. Reception is performed slowly (24-26 movements per minute), rhythmic, gently, in the course of blood and lymphotok, and on the back - in both directions.

5. First use superficial stroking, then deeper.

6. In case of violation of blood circulation (swelling, swelling) strokes should be started from sites above, directing movement along the lymphotok.

7. During the session, it is not necessary to use all the stroking options.

8. On the bending surface of the limb, the receptions are carried out more deeply.

During the execution of the reception, it should not be too strong pressure, as this may cause unpleasant sensations and pain in the massable, and a loose fit of the palms, diluted fingers, too fast tempo and sharp reception can lead to a skin displacement.

Trituration

Rubbing acts much more efficiently stroking and has a deeper effect on the tissue. The reception is carried out along the course of blood and lymphotok, reinforcing blood flow and lymphs to massagered tissues, improving their nutrition and metabolic processes. The rubbing contributes to the rupture and grinding of pathological formations in various layers of tissue, increases the elasticity of the muscles, significantly reduces the nervous excitability.

When performing rubbing, the hand shifts the skin, producing its shift and stretching in different directions, while the skin shifts together with the hand of the massage therapist.

The reception is carried out by the palm surface of the brush, the strursions of large fingers, padlings of the index, middle and II-V fingers, the base of the palm, fists, the elbow edge of the brush, bone protrusions the phalange of the fingers bent into the fist. It can be performed by one or both hands, performing longitudinal, transverse, circular, zigzag or spiral movements.

When rubbing palms, the brush is tightly pressed to the massagered area, the fingers are tightly pressed to each other, and the large one is assigned to the side.

With a back massage, buttocks, joints, intercostal muscles, the back of the foot and the brush, the Achilles tendons are used to be triturated with finger pads. The reception is carried out by pressing the thumb to the indicated, and the pads of the II-V fingers are to the massagered area, producing skin offset and subcutaneous fiber. Reception can be done with burden.

On the back, in the field of adrenal and hips, rubbing is performed by the elbow edge of the brush, tightly pressed to the massagered area, moving with hand straight or in a circle.

On large groups of muscles of the back, hips, buttocks and others spend rubbing with a fist. To do this, the fingers are compressed into a fist, and rubbing is made on the side of the bent fingers, as well as from the side of the maiden.

On the muscles of the back, joints, hips, the front berth muscles and others use the trituration of the palm base, tightly pressed to the massagered area, and pressure with the displacement of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Straight rubbing (Fig. 13) Used with a massage of small muscle groups in the field of joints, brushes, feet, main nerve trunks, faces. Reception is performed by end phalanges of one or more fingers.

Fig. 13. Sequential execution of rectilinear trituration of finger pads

Circular rubbing Apply for massage from almost all areas of the body: back, chest, abdomen, limbs. Reception is performed with a circular displacement of the skin with end phalanges with a support on the first finger or the base of the palm. It can also be carried out by the back of semi-bent fingers or individual fingers, with a burdening or without it (Fig. 14).

Fig. 14. Circular rubbing with two hands with burdens

Spiral rubbing Apply for back massage, abdomen, chest, pelvis area and limbs. Reception is carried out by the base of the palm or the elbow edge of the brushes bent into the fist, sometimes with the burden of one brush. When executing it, use one or both hands alternately (Fig. 15).

Fig. 15. Spiral-shaped rubbing palm base

The auxiliary receptions of rubbing include stroking, planing, sawing, comb-shaped and nipper rubbing.

Stroking Apply in the field of scarring on the skin, with muscle atrophy, skin diseases and sluggish paralymps. The reception is carried out by the pads of the terminal phalanx II-III or II-V fingers. At the same time, the fingers must be straightened and be at an angle of 30 ° to the massagable surface. Movement in a given direction produce progressively, tissue is shifted both longitudinally and transversely (Fig. 16).

Fig. 16. Strocking

Planing Apply on extensive scars and for skin diseases if it is necessary to exclude the impact on the affected areas, during muscle atrophy and in order to stimulate them. When performing the reception of hands, they are installed on each other and progressive movements resembling planing, immersed in tissue with finger pads, producing their stretching and offset (Fig. 17).

Fig. 17. Planing

Sawing Apply in the area of \u200b\u200blarge joints, back, abdomen, hips, cervical department. The reception is carried out by the elbow edge of both brushes, installing hands so that the palm surfaces are addressed to each other and were 1-3 cm at a distance of each other. (Fig. 18). During the admission, there are sawing movements in opposite directions, and there should be a roller from massageable tissue between the palms.

Fig. 18. Sawing

If the reception is carried out by the radiation edges of the brush, then it is called crossing (Fig. 19).

Fig. 19. Crossing

GrebenomyReration Apply for massage muscles of the back, hips, the tibial muscles of the leg, soles, palms and belly. Reception is carried out by bone protrusions of medium interphalating joints.

Nipper rubbing Apply with massage of tendons, small muscular groups, ear shells, nose, faces. Reception is performed by end phalanges of the I-II or I-III fingers, performing straight and circular motions.

When performing rubbing, it is necessary to adhere to the following methodical instructions:

1. Rubbing can alternate with strokes and other techniques.

2. To enhance the action of the reception, you can increase the angle between your fingers and the massagable surface or carry out it with burden.

3. Rubbing is carried out in the course of blood and lymphatic vessels, and the muscles of the back massage from the lumbar departure to the cervical and from the lower corners of the blades to the lower back.

4. When rubbing should not be lingering in one section longer than 8-10 seconds.

All techniques are performed neatly and gently, rubbing movements are made with skin displacement, and not with sliding. Fingers, when performing the reception, should be straightened because the trituration of bent fingers can cause unpleasant sensations from the massable.

Sensing

The kneading is one of the most complex in the technical performance of massage techniques, or rather, a set of techniques that first fix the massaged area, then squeeze it and knead it.

The main impact of the kneading is directed to the muscles, so that their elasticity increases, the blood and lymphotok increases, the nutrition of the tissues, the metabolism is significantly improved, the muscle tensile is removed and the muscle tone, efficiency and contractile functions increase. There are two types of kneading: continuous and intermittent. Intermittent kneading is made by one or two hands in the transverse or longitudinal direction, but not uniform, but intermittent hands.

The kneading one hand, or the ordinary, as a rule, is used for massage limbs and backs. It should be soft, smooth and without painful sensations. There are two ways to perform ordinary kneading.

1st way. The massable muscle is tightly wrapped with palm, and on the one side of the muscle there is a thumb, and on the other - all the others, then it is lifted, squeezing between your fingers, and there are progressive movements.

2nd way. The muscle kneads between the fingers, pressing on her on one side with a thumb, and with the other, all the others, moving along its entire length.

The kneading with two hands (double and annular) is performed in transverse and equity directions. It is most often used for massage limbs, pelvis, backs and side surfaces of the neck.

Hands with longitudinal kneading (Fig. 20) They direct along the muscular fiber, along the axis of the muscles. Reception is conditionally divided into 3 phases: in the first straightened fingers, it is placed in the first fingers of both brushes on the front surface of the massable area, and the remaining fingers were located on the sides of the massable segment; In the next two phases, hands are moving through the massable area.

Fig. 20. Longitudinal thinning of the thigh muscles

Cross heating (Fig. 21) Apply for back massage, pelvis area, cervical, limbs. To perform the handle, it is installed across muscle fibers at a distance equal to the width of the palm. In the transverse kneading, the movement of hands can be directed in one direction or in different. Reception can be performed with burden.

Fig. 21. Cross-kneading with two hands (unidirectional)

The auxiliary seizures of the kneading are very diverse: felting, rolling, shift, stretching, pressure, nippers, kneading, kneading the bottom of the palm, kneading with thumbs and kneading with large fingers.

Figure 22) Most often used with extremities massage, hips, shoulders. Reception is performed by palms by clamping them from both sides by the massive area. The fingers are straightened, the brushes are parallel. Movements are produced in opposite directions with moving along the massable region.

Fig. 22. Flawing

Rolling (Fig. 23) Apply when massage the abdomen, chest and side surfaces of the back. The reception is carried out by capturing the massable area, and the other produces rolling motion by moving the tissue-located cloth to the locking brush, and thus move along the massaged area. Rolling movements can be performed on a fist or individual fingers.

Fig. 23. Rolling

Shift (Fig. 24) Used with scars on tissues, in the treatment of skin diseases, in sobbles, paresis, and other parts of the body. As a rule, the reception is performed by producing rhythmic movements and shifting the tissue relative to each other, pre-fixing the massaged surface. Shift is performed by two hands or two or more fingers.

Fig. 24. Shift

Stretching (Pullout) is used in spikes, scars, muscle seals, etc. Reception is carried out, as a rule, with thumbs, located against each other in the massable area, carrying out smooth stretching of the muscles.

Pressing (Fig. 25) Apply in the field of the back, along the paravertement line, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe buttocks, in the locations of the nerve nodes (biologically active points), on the muscles of the person (passage of the facial nerve, the fading of the skin, etc.). The reception is carried out intermittent, the ends of the index and thumbs (or II-V fingers), a fist, the base of the palm, can with burden.

Fig. 25. Pressing

Non-shaped kneading Apply with a massage of long muscles of the back, forearm, tibial muscles, faces, neck, chest. The reception is performed by large and the rest of the fingers folded in the shape of the forceps. First, the muscle is captured, pull up, and then knead between your fingers. It can also be performed by I-II or I-III fingers (pinching on the face), capturing, pulling away and warm up local sections.

Kneading the base of the palm Apply on the muscles of the back, hips, front berth muscles, large joints, tightly pressed the base of the palm to the massagered area and putting pressure on the tissue in various directions.

Kneading thumbs Perform simultaneously on two lines. For example, the inner part of the right icy muscle is massually mastered, and the outdoor is right. The kneading of the paraverting zones (back muscles) is carried out both spiral-shaped and linearly. The reception is performed by overlapping the brush on the massable muscle, the thumb forward (along the muscles line), and they carry out circular rotational (clockwise) movement forward, with pressure on the muscle.

Squeezing They produce a large-finger hill or its pads straight with high pressure on massagered muscles. With burden on the thumb, pressed or the base of another palm, or II-V fingers.

When conducting a kneading, the following methodological recommendations must be taken into account:

1. The kneading is carried out only in relaxed muscles.

2. Reception is carried out vigorously, but gently, without jerks and without causing pain sensations, producing 50-60 movements per minute.

3. The techniques are carried out both in the ascending direction, along the course of muscle fibers, and in transverse and longitudinal directions, not jumping from one site to another, taking into account the pathological process.

4. The intensity of the massage increases with each session. For deep kneading muscles pre-prepared (especially the muscles of the inner surface of the shoulder and hips).

5. Takes are carried out from the transition site of the muscle into the tendon, and the brushes are located on the massable surface, taking into account its configuration.

Performing kneading, should not be bent fingers in interfalage joints in the first phase of reception (fixation); slide with your fingers on the skin, especially when squeezing the muscles in the second phase; Heavily pressed with end phalanges of the fingers; massaging with a tense hand; At the same time, work with hands with longitudinal kneading in the third phase (crushing), as it causes painful sensations from the massable.

Vibration

Vibration in technical performance is a fairly simple technique. During its execution, the massable area of \u200b\u200bthe body of oscillatory movements produced is uniformly, but at different speeds and amplitude, depending on the frequency of which the vessels are expanded or narrowed, blood pressure is reduced, the heart rate is reduced, as well as the duration of the formation of the bone corn after fractures.

Vibration is performed by a palm surface, an end phalanx of one finger, a large and index (or index, middle and unnamed), large and remaining fingers, palm and fist.

On the back, stomach, chest, hips and other large muscular groups, the reception is carried out with a palm surface. For this, the palm is tightly pressed to the massable region and perform oscillatory movements (with pressure), moving progressively.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe back, larynx, the muscles of the vibration limbs produce large and index or large and all other fingers, tightly pressing them to the massagable surface and spending fast, rhythmic oscillatory movements.

In the field of biologically active points, dotted vibrations of a single finger pad (Fig. 26)which is tightly pressed to the massable point and make rapid oscillatory movements.

Fig. 26. Point vibration

Depending on the method of receiving vibration, there may be continuous (stable (Fig. 27), labile (Fig. 28)) and intermittent.

Fig. 27. Continuous vibration (stable)

Continuous Vibration is used in the area of \u200b\u200blarynx, back, pelvis, on the muscles of the thigh, shin, shoulder, forearm, in the course of essential nerve trunks, in places of output of nerve nodes (biologically active points and zones). Reception is performed by the terminal phalanx of one or more fingers depending on the impact area. If necessary, it is carried out by both brushes, the whole palm, the base of the palm or fist.

Fig. 28. Continuous vibration (labile)

Intermittent Vibration (shock), as a rule, apply with the massage of the limbs, back, chest, pelvis, abdomen, face and head muscles (Fig. 29). It is characterized by neurotic effects on the massable area. As a rule, the reception is performed by applying frequent blows by the tips of semi-bent fingers, the edge of the palm of the palm, the back surface, slightly deployed fingers, palm with bent or compressed fingers, as well as brush compressed in a fist. Movements are performed by one or two hands alternately.

Fig. 29. Intermittent vibration

Shake (shocking) Apply on muscles of limbs, buttocks, larynx, chest, pelvis, when exposed to internal organs. Reception is performed by individual fingers or brushes, while producing motions that resemble the sifting of flour through a sieve, in various directions (Fig. 30).

Fig. 30. Shocked

Shake Apply when massaged the upper and lower extremities. Reception is carried out by both hands or one with the fixation of the brush or ankle joint of the massable (Fig. 31). Hands shake in a horizontal plane by taking her for a brush ("Handshake"). Foot shakes are performed in a vertical plane with the fixation of ankle joint with a straightened knee joint.

Fig. 31. Shaking the lower limb

Crossing Apply with abdominal massage. The reception is performed by a brush of one hand with a high-finger allotted on one side and the II-III fingers are zigzago-like upward (from the pubic area to the sword-shaped process) on the other.

Methodical instructions when conducting vibration:

1. The force and intensity of the effects during reception depends on the angle of inclination of the fingers relative to the massagable surface: the greater it approaches 90 °, the stronger the impact.

2. Vibrations act excitely, and shocked - soothing.

3. On the inner surface of the hips, in the populated area, in the places of the projection of the internal organs (kidneys, hearts) intermittent vibrations (tendering, ignition) are not carried out, especially in elderly people.

4. Do not perform vibration on intense muscle groups.

General massage

Before applying massage techniques in practice, you need to explore the massage technique of individual areas of the body. With massage parts of the body, it is necessary to consider that each muscle group, the joint, limb, the body segment is massaged taking into account the directions of the main massage movements. Performing a common massage in health care purposes, first massage the back and lumbar region, neck, chest, stomach, then limbs (first hands, and then legs) and in conclusion the head and face.

For gastrointestinal diseases Masseled mainly the area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen, the bottom of the back, neck and trapezoid muscle. However, performing self-massage or hygienic massage, you can massage all parts of the body. Consider at the beginning of the massage of those parts of the body, which we are interested in the first place (abdomen, lower back, neck and trapezoid muscle), and then all the others.

Massage abdomen

In gastrointestinal diseases, the focus is on the abdomen's massage. This procedure can be divided into two parts: the massage of the anterior abdominal wall and organs abdominal cavity and solar (curled) plexus. The abdominal wall and intestine massage allows you to accelerate the blood circulation, eliminate venous stagnation and stimulate the intestinal function.

Abdominal massage is produced only in the absence of contraindications, not more than 8-10 minutes, after 1-2 hours after eating. Takes are performed in the position of the massable lying on the back with a raised head, the roller is put under the knees.

When performing a massage, it is necessary to take into account the direction of the Lymph current and the location of lymph nodes. The lymphatic vessels of the upper half of the anterior abdominal wall are lumped into the axillary lymph nodes; the lower half - in the inguinal nodes; From the Nadium region of Limph enters the intercostal; from the curl - into lumbar nodes; From the profry - in iliac lymph nodes.

At the beginning of the massage, there is a plane stroking with his right hand (while the thumb is the reference), which makes tender circular movements, starting with the navel area, clockwise, covering the entire surface of the abdomen. After that, go to the main part of the massage: rubbing (crossed, sawing, stroking), kneading finger tips (longitudinal, transverse, felting, rolling). Then the vibrations are performed and the massage strokes.

After the preparatory massage of the abdominal muscles must be completely relaxed.

In order to properly spend the massage of the area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach, it is necessary to know its location in the abdominal cavity. As a rule, the bottom of the stomach reaches the ribs on the left midcoluchy line V, and the lower limit is located in the front abdominal wall area by 1-2 cm above the navel in women and 3-4 cm - in men.

The massage in the area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach is carried out in two positions of the massable: first lying on the back, and then on the right side, using a discontinuous vibration with robbed fingers in the back area on the left, outside and inside, as well as the reception of the shake.

The colon area is massaged from the right iliac region to the right hypochondrine and, bypassing it, descend to the left ileal region. Then conduct circular or spiral rubbing with burdens, intermittent pressure, shaking, and finish the procedure with circular stroking and intermittent vibration with tips of bent fingers and pressing palms or pillows to the right left along the clockwise along the entire surface of the abdomen.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe liver is massaged in the direction of the left and right upwards, the ends of the fingers are penetrated under the right roar edge and produce spiral rubbing, vibration and concussion.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe gallbladder is located on the lower surface of the right lobe of the liver. It is massaged with light plane strokes, semi-crush trituration and continuous vibration.

On straight muscles of the abdomen use nipper stroking, ironing, kneading from top to bottom and bottom up.

The kidney region is massaged with the right hand in the area of \u200b\u200bthe projection of the right kidney, movement directly backward, applying circular rubbing, shaking and stroking.

The projection of the solar plexus is on the line between the sword-shaped process and the navel. It is massaged with his fingers of one hand, making circular stroking, rubbing and intermittent vibration.

Massage neck.

Neck massage spend in patient sitting or lying on the back. Under the head you can put a roller. Most often stroking (plane, clamping, comb-shaped, nipper); rubbing (rectilinear, circular, sawing, crosses, stroking); kneading (transverse, longitudinal, pressure, nipper, shift, stretching); Vibration. Performing techniques, all movements are guided from top to bottom.

The breast-curable-bed-like muscle is massaged using nipper stroking and rubbing, while directing all the movements along the muscle fibers from the place of its attachment to the cottage process to the breast-clavical joint. Ring rubbing of the area of \u200b\u200bdeputyid processes is made by one or two hands. End the neck massage strokes.

Since in the neck area a large number of large blood and lymphatic vessels and very thin gentle skin, its massage increases the outflow of venous blood and lymphs from the cavity of the skull and its covers.

Back massage, lumbar region and pelvis

In gastrointestinal diseases, the massage of the top of the back is not carried out. Only the lumbar region and the crushes are massaged. But since the back is massaged when performing a common massage, it will also be described.

The spin massage is carried out taking into account the direction of lymphotock and the placement of lymph nodes located in the subclavian and test areas, in the groin, the corners of the blades, etc. Therefore, the back is recommended to massage in two directions: from top to bottom and bottom up (Fig. 32).

Fig. 32. Direction of the main massage movements in the field of the back, lowerback, neck and pelvis

The back massage is carried out at the patient's position lying on the stomach with elbow along the body, slightly bent in his elbows.

Spin massage starts with surface strokes. Then, gradually reinforcing pressure, they carry out a plane, deep and clamping stroking with both hands, the movements are sent from the sacrum and the ridge of the iliac bones up, parallel to the spinal spinal column process. Next strokes are produced at some distance from the spinal column.

With a back massage, apply straightforward (large finger pads and grumps); Crucifical (four-finger pads of one hand with burdens or phalanges of four fingers); Concentric (large and index fingers, the base of the palm, the phalanges of the bent fingers without burdening and with the burden) rubbing.

The main part of the massage is the kneading - they are performed by both hands on each side of the back both longitudinally and transversely or apply a circular kneading the thumb with one or both hands.

Wide back muscles massage using ordinary and double ringing and kneading the bottom of the palm. Long muscles (from the sacrum to the nape) knead, applying deep linear stroking the palm surface of the thumbs of both hands, directing the movement from top to bottom and bottom up.

Trapezoid muscle (head middle part The backs, the sublock and dumpup region) are massaged in accordance with the direction of muscle fibers: at the bottom - up, in the middle - horizontally, in the top - down, applying all the main techniques. Along the spinal pillar, the rubbing is produced by the circular movements of the pads of large fingers, fists and pads of II-IV fingers, phalanges of bent fingers, the base of the palm, etc. The back massage finish with strokes.

The pelvis area is massaged by directing motion from the bottom up using stroking with burden, comb-shaped, ironing; circular rubbing with burdens, comb-shaped, sawing; longitudinal and transverse, ascending and downward kneading with both hands; Intermittent and point vibration.

Massage of the lower limbs

Foot massage is most often required in injuries of soft tissues, damage to bones and joints; Treatment of cardio-vascular system, peripheral nervous system and central paralysis. In gastrointestinal diseases massage the thigh area and the inguinal area.

With a massage of the feet, it is necessary to take into account the direction of blood and lymphotok. The blood supply to the lower extremities is carried out by the iliac artery system. In the course of blood vessels, highly branched lymphatic vessels are located, and the lymph nodes are in the groin, a ponated fossa and crotch. The lymph moves from the vessels of the buttocks and the inner surface of the hips to the lymph nodes of the crotch, and from the back of the foot and the soles rises in inguinal and popliteal nodes.

Foot massage is carried out in the patient's position lying on the back, and under the legs and knee joints put special rollers.

The massage of the lower limbs starts from the foot, then go to ankle and knee joints, thighs and nervous trunks (Fig. 33).

Massage starts with easy stroking of the fingers and the back of the foot, using a comb-shaped, circular, straight and stroken rubbing; nipper and jelly kneading; Sorry, shaking and puncturing vibration, as well as a number of passive soft movements.

The plantar and back sides of the foot massage, alternating strokes with semicircular rubbing, carrying out the movement of arms along the lymphatic vessels towards the inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes, then conduct a worst and plane rubbing of the plantar surface, stroking the heel, the trituration and vibration of the entire sole. End the massage with the rotation of the foot clockwise. For this, the leg is fixed with one hand, and the other, pre-clasping the foot, produce rotation.

The ankle joint is massaged using circular and plane stroking, some types of kneading, point vibration. Then go to the tibia massage. First, it is stroked (it is possible with burdulum) along the front surface, directing the movement to the drop-down lymph nodes, and then produce a comb-shaped, circular, straight rubbing, string, clutching the trinical on the front and rear surface; nipper and complaining; Vibration and stroking.

The knee joint is massaged using circular and plane stroking; straight and circular rubbing, shifting of the patella; pressure; Point vibration.

Massage of chest

With a thoracic massage, not only the direction of blood and lymphotoka, but also the arrangement of the muscles. In the chest area, the lymphatic vessels are directed to the per capita, connectible and axillary nodes, and in the side and bottom of the chest - to the cerceral depression and the axillary hole, so massage movements produce from the lower edges to the big thoracic muscle arcuate up, massaging the big chest, intercostal, front Seamless muscles and aperture. Muscular fibers of large breast muscles are located fanually, therefore massage movements are carried out in the direction from the sternum to the axillary pots and shoulder joint.

Massage of the chest is performed in the patient's position lying on the back or side, as well as sitting. Massage starts with strokes (superficial, plane, climbing up and dwelt to the axillary variables), and then randomly massage large pectoral, front gear and outdoor intercostal muscles in terms of diaphragm. Performing the main part of the grossing of the chest, apply circular rubbing, transverse kneading and vibration (Fig. 34).

Massage of outdoor intercostal muscles, as a rule, perform the tips of the fingers in the direction of the sternum on the intercostal gap to spinal column, and complete the clutching plane strokes from the bottom up.

The front toothed muscle is massaged in the patient's position lying on the side, directing massage movements to the bottom corner of the blade and the spinal column, conducting circular rubbing and longitudinal kneading in the intercostal intervals on the site from II to the IX edge alternately with stroke.

Massage of the mammary glands is performed only in the presence of medical testimony. With a breast massage of the movement, the nipples are sent to the base of the gland, and with insadener activity - from the base of the gland to the nipple.

Massage of the upper limbs

Anatomically to the upper limbs include a shovel, clavicle, shoulder bone, bones of the forearm and brushes. Special attention should be paid to the location of lymph nodes and blood vessels, since massage movements are always carried out along the course of lymphatic vessels, towards lymph nodes. Hands are supplied with blood using a subclavian artery, a venous outflow is carried out through a subclavian vein, and the lymphatic vessels cover the upper limbs from all sides. On the fingers, the lymphatic vessels go transversely to lateral and palm surfaces and from there are sent to the palm, on the forearm and then on the shoulder, to the axillary and subclavian lymph nodes.

Lymphatic nodes are located in the elbow bending, the axillary yam, along the lower edge of the big breast muscle, in the test and subclavian regions.

The hand massage is performed in the patient's position sitting or lying, one (in this case, the other fix the massable limb and help capture the muscles to which they act) or two hands.

As a rule, massage starts with fingers and brushes ( fig. 35). First massage the back surface of the brush, from the tips of the fingers to the middle third of the forearm, conducting plane, nipper stroking (squeezing the movements of the thumb and tightly closed the rest of the masseur to the other fingers), circular strokes with one thumb and the bottom of the palm. The pressure of the masseur's hands should be not very intense, since the joints located on the back side of the palm and in the elbow bending are covered with thin skin and may be damaged with severe pressure.

Then each finger is massaged separately towards its base on the back, side and palm surfaces. During the palm and side surfaces of the fingers and the brush, they use circular, straight and combed rubbing, stroke, sawing. On the back of the brush, they carry out straight and circular rubbing of intercepted gaps of four fingers and spiral rubbing with the base of the palm.

The brush with a massage of the beam-up joint is located on a massage table or a massage therapist, massaging first external, and then the inner side of the palm, performing a circular soft trituration with thumbs.

After that, climbing along the radial bone, along the rear surface of the shoulder and through the deltoid muscle, it makes a clutching stroking in the area of \u200b\u200bthe connective lymphatic node. Then, making massage movements up the front surface of the shoulder, carry out techniques in the area of \u200b\u200bthe axillary lymphatic node.

The forearm massage is carried out by fixing the patient's brush on the knee of the massage therapist. When carrying out the reception, the wrist and circular stroking movements are gradually moving along the outer part of the forearm to the elbow collapse. Then they also massage the inner side of the forearm, paying special attention to the muscles-extensors and flexors (double-headed, inner shoulder and three-headed).

When massaging, flexor muscle can be used stroking, rubbing and kneading (ordinary, longitudinal, double ring, transverse and nipper).

The muscles of the extensors are massaged by holding the patient's brush with the second hand. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe forearm, semicircular rubbing is used, the transverse kneading shoulder muscles from the radiation and elbow side, a light vibration with the base of the palm and the tips of the fingers.

The three-headed muscles are triturated by the phalanges of the bent fingers, the spiral movement of the base of the palm and the crests of the bent fingers; Mastery, leaning in the muscle thumb, and four others, pressing, move to the end of the deltoid muscle, where the fingers must come together.

Shoulder joint massage, given its anatomical structure. It consists of a head of the shoulder bone and the articular depressure of the blade. Through the cavity of the shoulder joint passes the tendon of the head of the two-headed muscles of the shoulder. The muscles surrounding this joint are attached to the small and large humerus bay.

The shoulder massage and the shoulder joint are spent in the patient's position sitting, lowering the forearm on the table or the thigh of the massage therapist, starting with rubbing and stroking the entire massaged area. After that, each muscle is seized separately.

The deltoid muscle is massaged using a continuous clutching stroking, moving the hand with concentric circles to the adapter. Since the muscular layer of the deltoid muscle is strongly developed, then the kneading produce with two hands with burdens.

When massage, the shoulder use longitudinal and transverse kneading, semicircular rubbing, easy patting and stroking. First stroke the deltoid muscle and the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe shoulder joint by fan-shaped movements. Then the joint is triturated towards the neck parallel circular movements of large fingers, deeply penetrating into the muscles, and sliding movements at the front edge of the joint to the axillary yam. The back of the shoulder joint massage with a thumb and, resting four fingers into the muscular layer, move to the axillary depression.

The impact on the middle nerve can be provided by massaging palm using the vibration of the pillows of the fingers, which produce circular rubbing, longitudinal and transverse rubbing, light stroking and vibration of the shoulder joint, rising. Massage of the shoulder muscles finish with active-passive movements and light stroking.

The lower part of the shoulder joint is massaged, putting the patient's hand on the masseur's feet, which at that moment fixes four fingers on the head of the shoulder bone, and with a thumb presses into the area of \u200b\u200bthe axillary depression, gropping the head of the shoulder bone. When rubbing the axillary fossa, the lymph nodes should not be affected. The breast-clay and acromic articulation is massaged by rubbing and soft stroking.

Before the massage of the front and rear surfaces of the elbow joint, it is necessary to smash ligaments and joints of the hand. Between the supinator and the inner shoulder muscle is the radial nerve, and on the inside of the shoulder and the rear of the elbow joint - the elbow nerve. They are massaged using a rigid vibration by blowing moving with your fingers on the arm bent in the joint.

The elbow joint is massaged in the patient's position sitting or lying, the hand is slightly bent in the elbow, the muscles are completely relaxed. Stroking the elbow joint and the muscles adjacent to it perform, supporting the brush, applying soft circular stroking with a thumb, circular rubbing of the pads of all fingers and the base of the palm, semi-boiled rubbing, transverse breatamping of the muscles of the forearm, light vibration with the base of the palm and fingertips.

In order to influence parts of the articular bag, located above the coronary process and the inner edge of the articulation, it is necessary to penetrate the fingers into the joint. The massage of the elbow joint is completed with light rubbing and stroking.

As already mentioned, with gastrointestinal diseases massage the surface of the hip. When performing the procedure, almost all techniques of classical massage are used: stroking (plane, clamping, comb-shaped, ironing) on \u200b\u200bthe front, side, rear surfaces; rubbing (straight, circular, spiral, sawmilling, crossing, planing, stroking); kneading (stretching, filling, longitudinal, transverse, pressure, shifting); Vibration.

With a massage of the buttock muscles, the same techniques are used as for the massage of the hip, directing movements from the tailbone, the sacrum and ridges of the iliac bones to the lymph nodes of the groin.

The hip joint is massaged in the area of \u200b\u200bthe pelvis, conducting active circular stroking, and circular stroking, rubbing and stroking on the site between the sedelled hill and large spit. The massage of the lower limbs finish with stroke.

Head massage

Head massage is used quite often as a separate procedure. The testimony for its conduct is quite a lot: after injuries, with diseases of the skin, cosmetic disorders, general fatigue, mental overwork, hair loss and violation of the functions of blood circulation organs.

Massage of the scalp is carried out in the patient position sitting or lying. Massage movements direct from the forehead to the occipital part of the head, from the top of the top in all directions in the direction of output ducts of glands and hair growth. Performing techniques against hair growth, it is possible to damage the hair cover, worsen the general condition and cause a headache, because a large number of lymphatic vessels are located under the skin, which are descended from the peculiar to the lymphatic nodes located on the back of the head and abroad.

With a head massage use robber-like, plane stroking, ironing; Clamping rubbing by circular and spiral movements of brushes and fingers; Strocking, pressing, shift, pinching, stretching and finger vibration.

Facial massage

Face massage relates to cosmetic types of massage. It can be divided into several stages: the forehead massage, the area of \u200b\u200bthe goals, the nose, chin, cheeks, mouth, nasolabial fold and ear-sinks. When massage, the patient can sit or be in a horizontal position.

The frontal area is massaged by performing plane stroking towards the site began to start hair growth from the surplus arc; circular, rectilinear and spiral rubbing; Madding and stroking, pinching and finger vibration. All techniques alternate with strokes, spending 4-5 passes.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe eye, the skin is the thinnest, so it is recommended to produce light stroking in the direction of the temporal fractions from the bridges and the abnormal arcs and circular strokes; Careful trituration of finger pads with vibration with finger tips; Concentric stroking with a thumb. Light movements on the periphery of the eyeball can be alternating with a soft friction of the century. Significant therapeutic and cosmetic effect can be achieved by applying point massage.

Cheeks are massaged towards the neck and ear sinks using stroking (plane, nippercene, ironing); rubbing (circular, straight, spiral, stroking, sawing); kneading (nippercene, pressing, shift, stretching); Vibration (puncturing, "finger shower", point massage).

The area of \u200b\u200bthe nose is massaged with light movements of the pillows of the fingers from the tip of the nose to the nose, using the following methods: stroking (plane, nippercene), rubbing (circular, straight, nippercene, stroking), kneading (pressing, nipper) and vibration (puncturing, shaking, Point).

In the field of chin and the mouth, the movement of the hands are sent from the lower part of the jaw and the corners of the mouth to the ear sinks and from the nose to the ear, applying stroking (plane, ironing, nipper); rubbing (circular, straight, spiral, string, nipper); kneading (nippercene, pressing, stretching, shifting); Vibration (puncturing, "finger shower", pattering); Point massage techniques. All received techniques will necessarily alternate with strokes.

The nasolabial fold is massaged from the bottom of the middle of the chin to the nasolabial folds to the wings of the nose.

The skin of the face is most sensitive to external influence, and during massage it should be considered.

Massage techniques used in classical technique include rubbing, stroking, squeezing, vibration and much more. This page presents a massage technique that can be used at home. It is worth understanding that the technique of massage must be supported by experience. Only in this case, the technique of classical massage will bring the desired results in the form of improving the state of the person.

Massage originated for a long time. His story has not one millennium. Massage was used in antiquity for the treatment of many diseases, for example, with rheumatism, dislocations, muscle spasms. He doesn't lose his miraculous power and popularity.

Basic techniques of classical massage

Massage is a set of mechanical impact techniques on a human body, including strokes, friction, pressure on the body surface. The following discusses classical massages, which are aimed at improving blood flow and lymphotok in different parts Human body.

Depending on the nature and place of the massage application, one can achieve one or another desired effect (reduction or amplification of nervous excitability), since under the influence of massage changes functional state cortex brain. Massage has a beneficial effect on the skin, muscles, enhances the circulation of lymph, blood and the interstitial fluid. To increase the massage efficiency, special aromatic fragrant oils, creams, gels and ointments are used, therapeutic effect From the use of which, thanks to the massage, only enhanced. Massage independently existed in different countries. Massage technique, prescribed by the ancient Roman, ancient Greek, the ancient Chinese doctors, included a variety of techniques. To date, after numerous changes, the following main massage techniques are distinguished: stroking, squeezing, kneading, shocking, rubbing, active and passive movements, movement with resistance, impact receptions, shaking. This consistency of actions is especially important.

Technique and tested strokes in massage

Taking strokes in a massage, assuming that both hands of a massage officer only slide on the skin with a different degree of pressure, without shifting it into the folds. This is the first contact of a specialist with a patient, performed at the very beginning of the massage. Stroking can also be applied in the middle of the massage session as a soothing effect after hard techniques. Massage technique stroking has a beneficial effect on the peripheral nervous endings.

When it is used, the skin is cleared from horny scales, remnants of the secrets of sweat and sebaceous glands, and this, in turn, activates the skin breathing and excretory functions of the sebaceous and sweat glands. Stroking enhances metabolic processes in the skin, has a relaxing and painting effect, increases skin tone, facilitates blood outflow and lymph, tones and train vessels.

The main techniques of stroking in massage are plane and clutching stroking. They can be superficial and deep. With superficial massage, the specialist gently and without effort performs strokes. At the same time, as a result of the resulting inhibition in the cortex end of the skin analyzer, the soothing effect on the nervous system is activated, the vessels of the skin are activated, metabolic processes are stimulated. With a deep massage, the massaging hand puts pressure, thereby actively affecting the blood circulation in the massaged plot.

There is a continuous and intermittent stroking in a massage, a variety of the latter is alternating stroking - the procedure at which only one hand completes stroking, the second hand is transferred above it and performs the same movements, but in the opposite direction.

Rubbing and stroking in massage

Rubbing and stroking in a massage is a reception at which the hand of a massage therapist does not slide on the skin, as when stroking, and shifts it, producing shifting and stretching of the skin in different directions.

Rubbing is most often produced on places, little blood supplied, and where there are congestive phenomena, on the skin with burns, neurites, neuralgia.

When rubbing the massage therapist more vigorously affects the massaged areas and, therefore, increases the mobility of the massable tissues. Rubbing causes breaking, the grinding of pathological formations, contributes to the elimination of edema, resorption of various deposits.

Rubbing increases the elasticity and mobility of the muscles, as well as the amplitude of the movements in the joint.

Highlight fingers, elbow edges palm and reference part of the brush. Rubbing with an elbow edge of the brush is used on large joints - hip, elbow, knee, on the back and stomach.

The rubbing of the reference part of the brush is carried out on large muscular layers - muscles of the back, butorous muscles, hips.

The straightforce rubbing is made by end phalanges of one or more fingers during massage of small muscle groups in the field of face, brushes, foots, joints, most important nervous trunks.

Massage Massage Receptions

Massage kneading is the main technique for any massage to which most of the time of the entire session is given.

Massage intakes are intended primarily for the impact on the muscles, but with respect to the muscles, the kneading performs the role of passive gymnastics.

The kneading implies 2-3 phases of execution:

• capture of the massaged area;
• pulling out, compressing;
• rolling, crushing (kneading itself).

The main methods of kneading are longitudinal and transverse. Longitudinal kneading is performed along the muscle fibers that form the abdomen, or body, muscles, along the axis of the muscles connecting the tendon of the beginning and tendon of attachment. This kind of kneading is used to massage the muscles of the limbs, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe pelvis, the back, chest, the abdomen and side surfaces of the neck.

The kneading increases the elasticity of the muscle tissue, activates the cutting function of the muscles, the processes of gas exchange and nutrition of tissues, relieves muscle fatigue, increases the power of the muscles and improves blood supply, causes pulses in receptors laid in muscle tissues, which are transmitted to the central nervous system and lead to reflex changes in Muscular apparatus.

The transverse kneading assumes that the hands of the massage therapist occupy a cross position in relation to the massagon muscle.

Massage muscle fibers are performed perpendicular to their direction. The transverse kneading is carried out on the limbs, back, pelvis area, abdomen, cervical department. This type of kneading should be performed, starting with the abdomen of the muscles, gradually moving to the tendon. With any form of kneading, it is impossible to allow scaly of the hands on the skin and sharp jerks.

Vibration techniques in massage

Vibration in a massage is such a reception, when performing a massable area, oscillations of different speeds and amplitude are transmitted. Since the tissues have elasticity, mechanical oscillations arising from massage on their surface, in the form of waves apply to tissues and muscles.

Intermittent vibration, as massage techniques, is also called shock and lies in the application of single, rhythmically follows each other

Severation is performed by the palm surface of the terminal phalanx of one finger, large and index (or index, middle and unnamed), large and other fingers, palm, fist.

For the strike of the blows, the elbow edge of the palm is used, the back surface is slightly divorced fingers, palm with bent or compressed fingers, tips of semi-bent fingers, compressed in a fist with a brush one or both hands alternately.

Vibration has a strong and diverse effect on deeply located fabrics, bones, nerves, affecting many organs and vessels.

When puncturing, the pads of the terminal phalange of the index and middle fingers are used, separately or together.

Pointing can be performed simultaneously with both hands or sequentially using one brush or both.

Conducting a massage of weak muscles of the limbs or hair cover of the head, it is possible to carry out labile puncturing - puncturing with a movement, in which the direction of movements coincides with the direction of massage lines and the nearest lymph nodes.

Massage patting

The palms of one or two brushes are involved in patter, while the masseur fingers are slightly bent and soften the blow during punches. During the fulfillment of the forearm of the massage therapist should be bent at a straight or stupid angle, and the brushes should be bent or blended in the rays-up joint.

Massage pattering is performed as follows: both hands of a masseur brush affect the skin alternately

Picking - Massage Impact Technology

Polarizing is a drum technique, which is a rhythmic impact effect on the tissue, in which the response response occurs - the reflex rhythmic reduction in the skeletal and smooth muscles.

The use of reception of the tender contributes to improving the blood supply to tissues and increase their tone.

The behavior of a massage therapist, when performing the bleaching is very important, since the voltage of the brush of a specialist can cause unpleasant painful sensations.

Shake

A concussion is performed without separating the hands of a massage therapist from the massable area. This reception is fast, rhythmic, reciprocating movements, which are produced by individual fingers or throughout the brush in various directions.

A concussion is used in the spasms of the abdominal muscles, lower extremities, larynx.

Clamping

When performing a rash, the elbow edges of the brushes are involved, located in a semi-bent position at a distance of 4-5 cm. Masseur need to bend the forearm at a straight or stupid angle and make brushes to the brush and the lead in the rays-up joint, these movements and constitute the essence of this reception.

The ration has a deep effect on the tissue, applies with a back massage, limbs, chest and wide body surfaces.

Vibrations obtained during rationing affect the internal organs.

Shake

Shaking is a massage, performed exclusively on top or lower limbs. It should be done by one or two hands. If this reception is carried out on the lower limbs, you must fix ankle jointand knee straighten and shake in a vertical plane.

If you shake the upper limbs, you need to fix the brush of the "handshake" massaged and produce a massage in horizontal flexors.

Quenching

Stepping is such an appointment of a massage, in which the massage therapy brushes causes tangent shocks along the massaged area. Preparing is carried out by one or more fingers and is used in the technique of cosmetic massage. This technique is often used when caring muscles. If it is necessary to apply quenching on a large body surface, for example, when obesity, scar skin changes, the massage uses the whole palm.

Taking massage squeezing and his photo

Massage treatment Clear activates blood circulation and blood flow, has an painful effect, enhances the processes occurring in the tissues, contributes to the disappearance of stagnant and edema phenomena

There are squeezing in a massage the edge of the palm, the base of the palm and cross-squeezing. The squeezing is usually combined with the kneading and carried out rhythmically, because otherwise the passage of the bodice is hampered.

Traffic - These are elementary motor acts characteristic of one or another joint depending on its physiological mobility. Based on the number of joint surfaces involved in the formation of joints, they are divided into simple (two articular surfaces) and complex (more than two), as well as complex (there is a disk, meniscus between the articular surfaces) and combined (several joints function together independently).

The following types of movement reception are distinguished:

Main:

• passive
• active

Auxiliary:

• with resistance
• with rewarding
• isometric
• idomotor
• articulating
• mimic

Physiological influence

All movements have a beneficial effect on musculina man. Movements performed at a slow pace actually reassuringly on the central nervous system. Movements - best tool In the treatment of hypodynamies, the internal organs are improved by their influence, the metabolism, the intensity of the digestion increases, the protective properties and the body's resistance are increasing. Moves have great importance In case of tugaways (contractures, ankylosis), wrinkling and shortening the bag-binder, as well as with microtrams, hemarozes.

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Technique of main techniques

Active Movements Performed by the patient itself in a dose, determined by a massage therapist or specialist in the exercise. Options for active movements are widely represented in the appropriate literature on the LFC YB of other sources that recommend active movements for the treatment of one or another pathology.

Passive movements Performed by a specialist without the participation of the massable. Pose of the patient - lying on the back. The following rules must be followed:

• masseur stands from the sick joint;
• hand in the same name (right hand fixes the right hand or the leg of the massable) to perform all the necessary movements in this joint;
• the other hand of the massage therapist fixes, presses, presses the most efficient point in the design of this joint;
• before performing a passive movement, you need to ask the patient to show the active movement in the joint and in the first procedures do not leave the limits of possible movement, and then gradually increase the impact amplitude;
• at the time of restoration of the missing volume of movement in this joint, increase the force of pressure to the pressed point to 5-10 kg; When performing a reception, the pressed point is constantly fixed by a variepete hand;
• dosage, the number of times and an amplitude of impact to increase gradually from the procedure to the procedure.

Methodical instructions

The varieties of passive movements can be performed if it is necessary that the patient lay on the stomach. Passive movements include tractions, stretching, stretching, sipping, pose treatment.

Technique auxiliary techniques

Movement with resistance. The massable has resistance when performing, movement in one or another joint, or, on the contrary, the active movement performs the patient, and the massage therapy gradually helps to perform this movement in the joint.

Isometric movements It is based on the fact that the array fixes in a certain joint the appropriate angle of mobility by 5-10 seconds, repeating the movement several times. At the same time, the angle of development of mobility of the joint gradually increases or decreases depending on the tasks.

Movement idomotor It is that the massable produces the message of pulses to a separate group of muscles or joint for imitation of motion; These motion are performed during gypsum immobilization or skeletal stretch. Athletes use such movements with autotraining.

Articulation movements It is more often performed during damage to the facial nerve, neuritis, neuralgia, to improve the diction, pronunciation of individual words and combinations during stuttering, etc. There are ringing consonants or hissing in a certain sequence (as in patients who have suffered a stroke).

Mimic movements Mainly applied in the asymmetry of the muscles of the face, neck. Use various forms of imitative grimace. More often movement is performed in front of the mirror. Dosage and recommendations for the implementation of the above movements are set out in the relevant sources.

To master the art of massage, you need a lot of time. After all, in addition to the knowledge of the receptions and the technician, it is necessary to study the structure of the body. Know where there are lymph nodes, and how blood is moving in the body. To understand energy centers and important biological points. In general, it is necessary to thoroughly examine the theory of classical massage. But for the first steps, as well as for home use, it is important to know at least a sequence of techniques and their meaning.

Principles of classic massage

For any of the European Schools, there are our fundamental principles

The foundations of the classic massage are unchanged in any of the practitioners who are branched off from the European School. They are based on the main receptions: stroking, rubbing, kneading and vibration. Swedish, Russian, Finnish systems are considered independent jets of European massage. But at the heart of their own these actions. The difference in these systems is only in the degree of impact, duration and intensity of therapy. There are basic provisions that are shown to follow the massage of any classic schools. Massage Tips:

• Half movements are made in the direction of lymph to the lymph nodes. Exceptions are: vibration, tendering and rubbing
• The hands are massaged towards the elbow and to the axillary lymph nodes.
• The legs should be massaged towards groin and knee varnishes.
• In front of the massage is carried out "on the parties" on the interrog locomotive lines and towards the axillary lymph nodules.
• The neck is massaged down, towards the clavicle.
• The stomach is massaged clockwise.
• The loin is massaged to the inguinal lymphatic nodules.
• Limph nodes can not massage.
• Muscles, on the massable zone, should be as relaxed as much as possible.
• The body and hands should be clean.
• For massage, be sure to use lubricants (ointments, oils, etc.).

For proper interaction with the skin, during strokes, lubricants are needed

Basic and auxiliary techniques

The technique of classical massage lies in the alternate use of the receptions, their timely inclusion in the session. Also, the technology is based on an understanding of how much and where applications are used.

Classic techniques in pictures

The main techniques of the classic massage are considered:

• Stroking (from 1 to 5th drawing). The purpose of this reception can be called stimulation and improvement of skin elasticity, normalization of lymphorage and blood circulation. Also a decrease in pain, improved vessel tone, lowering muscle tone.
• Rubbing (from 6 to 8th drawing). Due to this, the body's mobility improves in the body, the operation of the articular and ligament apparatus is improved. Reception of rubbing actively acts on the extension of blood vessels, enhances blood flow to tissues, helps to increase the processes of elimination of stagnant phenomena in the body. Stimulates the regeneration of damaged organs, improves conductivity and susceptibility. Increases muscle tone, while reduced nervous excitability.

Reception Metrated Rubbing on the upper limb

• Melting (from 9 to 11th drawing). Increases the tone and contraction of the muscles. Without the patient's efforts, peculiar muscle gymnastics is carried out. Exchange, output processes in the body are stimulated. The susceptibility to nutrients is improved. In injuries, regeneration processes are accelerated and strengthened. Helps in resorption of deposits. Due to the contrasting effects, the kneading is shown in muscle failure, because it activates and enhances muscle tone.
• Vibration (from 12 to 15th drawing). The main impact on the body: the vascular tone is improved. Blood pressure decreases or rises, depending on the necessary effect. Expands or narrows vascular lumen. Mioneramic device is stimulated. It turns out an anesthetic effect on the muscles and the body as a whole. Tempile reflexes are enhanced. It helps to influence deep layers, improves the work of the internal organs. Shown for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the admission of vibration acts far beyond the zone on which it is performed. The amplitude is applied to the larger body surface and, accordingly, has an impact on a wider area.

Each of these techniques has its own variations. May differ degree and intensity of impact in each individual case. Besides can be performed different parts hands.

Basic techniques and their variations in a convenient table

In addition to the main, there are auxiliary techniques of classical massages that are more often performed only by experienced masters. In addition, they are considered not separate techniques, but arising from the main. These include:

• Pickup. Often it is taken for the type of reception "vibration", but some experts allocate "Poaming" into a separate niche. Reception helps to improve the work of the nervous system and thoroughly influence the entire body through it. It is performed by knuckles of fingers a series of non-beats.
• Squeezing. This reception resembles stroking, but is performed more intensively and rhythmically. In addition, when it is applied in practice, he goes after stroking and in front of rubbing. It helps to improve blood circulation, strengthen the flow of blood and outflow of lymph. At the same time, it removes the ethnicity and helps the output of congestive deposits.

About how to make a classic massage, a lot of works and books are written. So that all this is learning time and perseverance. In addition, the art of massage is learn for years. But for self-practice, the basic knowledge outlined above will be suitable for beginnings. It is important to know the sequence and duration of the receptions.

Sequencing

In any form of massage, the sequence and consistency of actions is important.

Before starting a session, it is useful to air the room, include pleasant music and light incense. Receptions of classic massage go in the sequence specified below.

An important point for a successful conduct of any reception is the maximum muscle relaxation.

1. From the reception stroking begins and the massage session ends. It is also used upon completion of other techniques. At the beginning of the session, stroking is carried out with gentle, slow and neat actions. The skin should not stretch, shrink or somehow deformed. Movement light and sliding. Stroking is divided into superficial and deep on the effects, as well as plane and clamping. The intensity, impact force, the direction varies depending on the type of strokes and the individual clinical picture of the patient. Be sure to use oil or other helps to slide, funds. Reception can be made with one hand or two, pillows and phalanges of the fingers, palm, the riblome part of the brush. This technique is included in the basis of a classic massage.
2. Squeezing. If this technique is used, then it goes after stroking. Movements are similar to the first reception, only more intense and rhythmically are made. With a deeper effect on the skin. Performed with two hands.
3. Following the reception of rubbing. It is more deeply affected by the fabric. Moving, shifting, stretching the skin. The duration on one site does not exceed 10 seconds, the movement is neat and leisurely. Rubbing is also divided into several subgroups: sawing, planing, alternate, comb-shaped and others. In addition, it happens: deep and superficial, interrupted and continuous. Also performed with both hands.
4. Reception, kneading is expressed in girth with hands of skin sections and process them. The kneading can be: exciting, pulling, lifting, squeezing, omitting and pressing. Just like rubbing, it can be superficial and deep, continuous and intermittent. It is carried out by two hands, with different directions and intensity. One of the indispensable techniques of the classic massage.
5. Vibration also includes the reception of the tender. Although sometimes it stands out like a separate one. The essence of the reception is to be different in the amplitude and frequency of oscillatory movements. For execution use: one or both hands, pads or knuckles of fingers. Also edge palms, rear and inner side of the brush. Important element In the technique of classical massage.

The duration of each individual reception depends on individual features Patient and clinical picture. The massage therapist should clearly see and understand where, with what intensity and the duration it is necessary to perform elements. For getting qualitative results, It is necessary to contact professionals. After all, only they perfectly own all the techniques and the basics of classical massage.

Receptions of classical massage include: stroking, squeezing, rubbing, kneading, impact techniques (vibration), shaking techniques, movements (Table 1). Each reception of the classic massage has its own varieties. The rational combination of these techniques in combination with the duration and intensity of their implementation makes it possible to solve problems of preventive, wellness and therapeutic medicine in sports, cosmetic, etc. Practice.

Table 1

Varieties of classical massage techniques

Receptions of classic massage	Varieties of classical massage techniques	Requirements for admission, preferential influence on fabric, organism medium
POblabo	1.Mryamolinear. 2. Received. 3. Zigzag. 4. Combined. 5.Ond hand. 6. Two hands. 7. Cutting. 8. Concentric. 9. global. 10.Grevel. 11.Che win. 12. Head.	The hand slides on the surface of the body of the massable, without having a special mechanical pressure on the subcutaneous fat tissue. The predominant effect of admission is carried out on the skin surface.
SQUEEZING	1. Break of palm. 2. Large finger. 3. Grable-shaped. 4. Conduct 5. Large-finger pad.6. 7. Two hands.8.Onthangladoni. 9. Cutting, clutching with twisting.	The squeezing is made with effort, burden. The hand puts pressure on the skin, subcutaneous fatty fiber, muscles. As a result, blood squeezing occurs, lymphs in vessels, tissue fluid, exudate, transudate.
TRITURATION	1. Shipping. 2. Fingers (4 to one and 1 to four). 3. Big fingerbongs. 4th by palm. 5. Powder of thumb. 6. 7. Mixing. 8. Dumpless. 9. Rubal palm	When performing rubbing, the hand should not slide on the surface. The hand shifts the skin in different directions or screws inside. It has an impact on joints, ligaments, tendons, scars, spikes, muscles.
Sensing	1. Hand. 2. Pads and phalanges of bent fingers. 3 Palm base. 4. Fist. 5. Longitian. 6. Nipper. 7. Shift. 8. Movement. 9. Ordinary, double ordinary. 10. Double ring.11. Double vulture. 12.Valia. 13.Rextrition	Reception is directed to the muscles. Execution techniques. The muscle may be attached, shifted, stretched. And also to be captured and lifted with its displacement towards the mother's displacement, then return to its original position. The cycle is then repeated
Impact techniques	1. Installing. 2. Happing. 3. Receipt. 4. Pointing. 5. Sign	Takes are made by relaxed hands with palm surface or elbow brush edge (palm edge)
VIBRATION	1. Labor. 2. labile. Both the same, and the other may be intermittent and not intermittent	Small, frequent oscillatory movements are performed at a pressure on the tissue with one, two fingers, the base of the palm, the whole palm, fist, etc. Receptions have a versatile effect on various fabrics and organs.
Shooting receptions	1.Tracking. 2. Drawing. 3. Flawing	Locally shakes a separate muscle. She is captured by a thumb and a little finger, a newlyep muscle, shave it on the whole. Shake is carried out on the limbs. The straightened limb massage therapist shakes two hands in the horizontal plane The noted techniques are aimed at reducing the tone of muscles, vessels.
Movement	1. Active. 3. With resistance. 2. Passive.	Passive movements must be preceded by techniques of rubbing and kneading, as well as determining the volume of active movement. To stop passive movement, you should focus on the appearance of pain.
		Movements are aimed at the development of joints, the prevention of tug-validity in the joints, muscle atrophy, to improve functions, etc.

There are some general rules To fulfill, both individual methods and the entire massage procedure.

For example, stroking usually begins and the massage session ends. In addition, other massage techniques (rubbing, kneading) are well combined with strokes. After stroking, if they are performed on the muscles, it is advisable to make squeezing.

Then there are techniques, kneading, the latter are well combined with shocking. Then follow the shock techniques, vibration, passive movements. Massage ends with stroking and shaking muscles.

During the joints of the joints after stroking, there are techniques of rubbing, then the kneading muscles surrounding the joint. At the end of the session, passive movements are made, taking manual therapy.

When performing a massage, the patient must be in a position that would contribute to the maximum relaxation of its muscles and, at the same time, it would be convenient for the work of the massage therapist. During the fulfillment of the massage procedure, the massage therapist is in relation to the massaged area transversely or longitudinally, makes a massage on the far or near side, near or long-handed hand, front or reversing. At the same time, the hand can move straightly, zigzag, spiral, circular, stamped, etc. (Fig. 3).

Massage action mechanisms manifest:

 in mechanical action (pressure, offset, stretching, friction, etc.),

 In neuro-reflex exposure (irritation of receptors, afferent and efferent stimulation of the central nervous system),

 In neuro-humoral influence (penetration into the liquid medium of biologically active tools).

A - straightforward

B - Zigzaguym

In - spiraloid

G - Kugood

D - Troikhodoy

When mastering massage techniques, students are inevitably collided with specific terminology. It includes concepts: transverse and longitudinal position, the near and far side, front and reverse, procedure and session, massage and massage.

Transverse and longitudinal position . We are talking about the location of the massage therapist and, mainly, its working hand in relation to the subject, to its massable surface.

Cross position, Fig. four. Working hand A masseur is located across the massaged surface of the subject and performs the reception in this direction.

Fig. 4 Cross location of the massage therapist in relation to the subject or massaged area (shoulder).

Fig. 5 Longitudinal position of the massage therapist in relation to the subject or massagered area (shoulder)

Longitudinal position. The working hand or masseur's hands are placed along the massaged area. Typically, the massage procedure, the session begins from the cross position.

Middle and distant side of the massable area . If it is conditionally to hold a line on the subject lying on the stomach, along the sagittal furrow, along the spine, and the integral fold, then everything that is located behind this line will be referred to as a massicer. And, on the contrary, everything that is near him is denoted as a near side. Based on, from these positions, the limbs are always massized, and all other parts of the body - long-distance (half of the neck with an adequate, torso, the berium region).

Front and reverse, (Fig. 6.7) The front turn-brush moves along the massable portion with a thumb in front. The rear side of the brush moves along the massive surface to the little finger.

Fig. 6 front hand. Fig. 7. Hand rear.