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The culture of society is determined, among other things as it relates to the science of the Word. Attention to philology is a test for intellectual maturity of an unmistakable individual. The famous paradox is seen in philological education. Each science and scientific discipline may submit an appropriate educational book: physics - "physics", chemistry - "chemistry", history - "story", etc. The exception is philology. Philological faculties or the degree of candidate and doctors of philological sciences are, and a textbook or tutorial with the corresponding word in the title is not. True, in 2011, the training manual of Professor A. A. Chuvakina "The foundations of philology, while remaining in proud loneliness.
Deepening profile training in high school, the presence of philological profile classes, the main educational programs By philology B. higher School and government educational standards strongly requires educational books on the introduction to philology, its basis, on the history and methodology of philology, etc. The emergence of such books and introducing into broad educational practices, no doubt, would stimulate a meaningful discussion on fundamental issues of science and scientific Disciplines about the word. Among these questions, the question of the status of philology is the first. There is no unequivocal understanding that this is the area of \u200b\u200bknowledge, a single science, a set of scientific disciplines, a methodology or a common approach. Pedagogues occupies a question about the nature of the philology of education, on philological competence, etc.
For us philology is the sciencehaving mine object text as a whole, and the subject is senseembodied in the language and parenching structures of this text, as well as all explicit and implicit patterns of text and properties, characteristics of its components of its units. At one time, labor publishers G. O. Vinokura "Introduction to the study of philological sciences" T. G. Vinokur and R. M. Zeitlin found in the archive of scientist's comment G. O. Vinokura, made on the protection of doctoral dissertation in textology and language Pushkin: "Despite the duality of appearance, the nature of the proposed work containing in itself, on the one hand, historical and literary works, and on the other - linguistic and stylistic, I look at myself as the author of this work, not as a historian of literature and not Like a linguist, and above all, as a philologist in a specific value of this term. Both of these sciences are sisters, the works of the same oriented consciousness that puts itself with the task of interpretation of the text. Here is about these general, the actual philological tasks of both sciences, the ministry of which I dedicate my strength, I want to remind the proposed work. " Philology is the identification and study of meanings with the help of close cooperation of literary and literary criticism.
In our opinion, the educational discipline "Introduction to Philology" should include such topics as the object and subject of philology; Features of humanitarian and including philological knowledge; text in philology; paralysis in the artistic text; The concept of scientific and inseparable philology; structure of philology as scientific knowledge; Research tools of philology; Related and cooperative philology connections with other sciences.
The concept and content of the book that the reader is now holding in his hands, has developed in the process of developing and reading in Kursk state University The corresponding training course. The author is grateful to those bachelor and undergraduates who contributed to the appearance of a book with their concerned attention. I wish them good luck in creative philological work!
I have a hope that this book will be interesting and useful teachers and high school students who wish to deepen their knowledge of philology, as well as all those who are not indifferent to the Word and to the science of him.
Low bow to the doctor of philological sciences, Professor Kursk State University of Maria Alexandrovna Bobunova for the critical, benevolent and highly constructive analysis of the manuscript of the book.
Reviews, comments and wishes are accepted at :.
Object and subject of philology
What is philology.
A survey on the topic "What is philology?" High school students, students, individuals with higher education and members of philological departments shows a wide range of opinions and the almost complete absence of a part of the responded to any coherent definition of science on the word.
"I know what it is, as long as I don't ask me what it is" - these words of the Christian thinker of the Middle Ages Augustine of the Blessed, spoken by him about the category of time, are fully applicable in reflections on philology.
On the one hand, this science is among the most developed. It has a certain subject, exact methods of studying, the system of theoretical conclusions and accumulated knowledge, a wide sphere of annex to public practice [Wolves 2007: 23]. On the other hand, Philology remains science of unresolved problems that are indicated by all who comes with it.
Let us turn to the history of philology and comparable to the understanding of the relevant term in domestic representatives of philological knowledge, starting from the XVIII century.
V. K. Tredyakovsky, rightly proudly called himself a philologist, identified his science with Elokvention "eloquence".
His young contemporary M. V. Lomonosov first in domestic science formulated the definition of the term philologist. In an illustrative dialogue from the "Brief Guide to Eloquence" there is a replica: "Philip. True I'll start and try to make me from Philip in the philologist. " [Lomonosov 1952: 342].
In the dictionary of the Russian Academy Word philology No, but there are three single words - philologist, philological, philologically. If a philologist It is interpreted as "love" [SAR: 6: 488], then the potential word philology So "love love."
One of the first definitions of the term philology gave N. M. Yanovsky in his "New Slotorchlor ..." (1806): « PHILOLOGY, G.. Looking and teaching languages \u200b\u200band literature; Science, which contains the rules and notes that serve to universal knowledge of languages, their critics, the meanings of both their own and carrying their words and rivers and finally, which is related to expression in different adverbs of the peoples of both the ancients and the newest. "..." The philology includes various branches of human knowledge, except for the high sciences of mathematical and physical "[Yanovsky 1806: III: 987-988].
V.I. Dahl In the famous science, the science of the word also did not bypassed. "Philology, language, science or learning ancient, dead languages; Learning live languages \u200b\u200b"[Dal 1980: 4: 534]. If V. I. Dal, an extremely narrowing understanding of philology, leads it to linguistics, the majority of subsequent authors expands the understanding of philology, includes a cultural aspect in it.
In the authoritative "Russian encyclopedic dictionary" I. N. Berezina Termin philology Two articles are devoted: "Filology Comparative" and "Philology". The first is interpreted by them in the spirit of comparativostics - the leading direction in science of those years, the second - lyuboyase - represents short essay The content of this concept of antiquity, where speric art has reached the tops of verbal skill, until the second half of the XIX century, when it was divided into two branches: "Science about the language and literature of the people" and the science of the people. In the first case, the problems of grammar, criticism and hermeneutics remain in the center of attention, and in the second - ethnology and cultural studies (see: [Berezin 1878: 215]). For that time, such an understanding of philology was a noticeable step forward.
Introduction to philology. Tutorial
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Title: Introduction to philology. Tutorial
About the book Alexander Khrolenko "Introduction to Philology. Tutorial"
The tutorial introduces the reader to the world of science on the Word, introduces her basic concepts and terms, involves into the discussion of theoretical issues of philology, demonstrates its research tools.
For teachers of literature and students of profile classes, students of philological faculties, as well as for readers interested in studying the foundations of philological education at the present stage.
On our site about LifeInBooks.NET books you can download free without registration or read online book Alexander Khrolhenko "Introduction to philology. Tutorial "in Epub, FB2, TXT, RTF, PDF formats for iPad, iPhone, Android and Kindle. The book will give you a lot of pleasant moments and the true pleasure of reading. Buy full version You can have our partner. Also, we will find latest news From the literary world, learn the biography of your favorite authors. For beginner writers there is a separate section with useful advice and recommendations, interesting articles, thanks to which you yourself will be able to try your hand in literary skills.
Belgorod State National research University, prof. VC. Kharchenko;
dr. Firos., Dr. Eastor. Sciences, head. Department of Philosophy of Kursk State medical University, Professor S.P. SHAVELEV Khrolhenko A.T.
Basics of modern philology [Electronic resource]:
X studies. manual / scientific ed. O.V. Nikitin. - M.: Flint, 2013. - 344 p.
ISBN 978-5-9765-1418Uncient manual prepared in accordance with the requirements of the State Educational Standard in the direction of "Philology". It addresses key problems of modern university theory and practice: the nature of humanitarian knowledge, the methodology of philology, the place and role of the text in the verbal sciences, philology in the socio-cultural space.
The book contains a description of the structure of this discipline, current issues of modern science studies are discussed: paralysis of philology;
society - Personality - Language Globalization; Ecology of culture and language, etc. Special attention is paid to the methodology of philological research, the introduction and application of new technologies in humanitarian sciences.
For students and undergraduates of the philological faculties of higher educational institutions, graduate students and doctoral students, a wide range of Slavists, historians, cultural scientists and teachers-philologists, scientists, educators of the humanitarian cycle profile classes, as well as for readers interested in studying the foundations of philological education at the present stage.
UDC 80 (075.8) BBK 80Y73 © Khrolo'nko A.T., 2013 ISBN 978-5-9765-1418-8 © Flint Publisher, 2013
Preface of a scientific editorINTRODUCTION.
Part I. Nature of philological knowledge The specificity of humanitarian and philological knowledge. (20) What is philology? (20) Unresolved issuesFilology (26). Features of humanitarian knowledge (27). Difficulties of philological knowledge (31). Understanding as the basis of philological knowledge (32). The meaning is dialogism - truth in philological studies (34). Accuracy or intuition?
(36) What unites natural and humanitarian sciences? (37) Scientific knowledge (39). Philological peripherals (41). Affective knowledge (42). Knowledge of idiot-practical (42). Naive linguistics (43). Study of naive forms of knowledge (46). Naive literary studies (47). Naive philology (48). The place of implicit knowledge in philological analysis (48). Relationship of scientific and indecent knowledge (50). Pseudo-scientific knowledge (50) Filology structure as scientific knowledge. (57) The initial unity of domestic philology (57). The beginning of the differentiation of philology (58). Outlines of philology differentiation (59). Disciplinary structure of science (59). The pattern of differentiation (60). Definition of literary studies and linguistics (63). The originality of the object of literary studies (64). Place linguistics in the structure of scientific philology (67). Linguistics domination (68). The basic nature of linguistics (69). Limitability of linguistics features (72). The grounds for the unity of philology (73). In search of the unity of philology as scientific knowledge (78).
Centripetal trends in philology (84). Text as an incentive of philology integration (84). Discourse analysis and its role in the convergence of philological disciplines (85).
The emergence of new intraphilological sciences (86).
Linguculturology (86). Lingopolklorism (87).
Croscular lingopolklorism (88). The formation of a new literature (88). Theoretical understanding of general philological issues (89) text in philology. (91) M.M. Bakhtin about the place of text in the humanities (91). What is text (92). Meaning as the basis of text (94). Interestivity of text (95). Text and discourse (99).
Difficult textology issues (100). The unconscious in the structure of knowledge and in creativity (101). Language system and unconscious (102).
Communication process and unconscious (107) paralysis in the artistic text. (110) Double duality oral speech. Paralyask (110). Paraknesika (111). Paraphaphonics (111). Paralenage information container (112). Theoretical aspect of the study of the paralysis (113). Body Nature Consciousness (115). Pragmatic aspect of the study of the paralysis (118). Paralynguistics (paraffilology) (119). Artistic and creative paralysis aspect (119). L.N. Tolstoy about the parenching (121). Paralyask in the artistic text (122). Search for parenching unit units (124). The conceptual terminological apparatus of paralyingvistics (125). Paralyask and inner speech (129). Paralyask in prose E.I. Nose (132). Comparable analysis of the paralysis in artistic texts (133) Philology in the science system. On the issue of classification of sciences (136). Humanitarian sciences (137). Increasing the role of the language (141).
Philology among humanitarian sciences. History (143). Philology and science of culture: culturaology and linguocultureology (145).
Ethnography and ethnolinguistics (146). Philology and socioeconomic sciences: Sociology and sociolinguistics (148). Philology and political science (151). Jurislideration and jurislinguistics (153). Philology and science of the psychological and pedagogical cycle: Psychology and psycholinguistics (155). Cooperation of philology with the sciences of the mathematical and natural science cycle (157). Philology and mathematics (157). Philology and informatics (160). Biology and linguistics (164). Philology and genetics (165). Anthroponymics and genetics (168). Philology and geography (177). Neurophysiology and neurolinguistics (177)
Part II. Methodology of philology
Specificity and methodology of philological studies.
(182) The concept of scientific research (182). Stages of scientific research (182). Specific features of philological research (183). Philological research and the world of unconscious (190). Intuition in science (190). Methodology of Philological Sciences (193). Scientific method (196). Limit of any scientific method (197). Hermeneutics as the beginning of the philological methodology (199). The need for revision of philological tools (201). Discipline "Philological Analysis of Text" and Problems of Methodology (203). Composite analysis (204). Motion analysis (205). The method close to the experiment (205). Biographic method (205). Semoesthetic method (206). Intertext analysis (206). Discourse analysis (209).
Narrative method (213). The concept of narrative (213). Narrative as a tool of scientific knowledge (216). Narrative in philology (219). Content analysis (221). Megatest as an empirical basis of philology (226). Megatest frequency dictionaries as a tool of philology. Dominant Analysis (229). Methods of "specific literary studies" (234) accurate methods in philology. (238) The interest of philology to mathematics (238). "Accurate literary critic" (239). Linguistics and mathematics (248). Frequency dictionaries (249). Study of the author's idiot (252). The limitations of the quantity techniques (261) of the linguistic experiment technique (263).
Part III. Philology in sociocultural space
Philology and language globalization (268). The concept of globalization (globalism) (268). The concept of linguistic globalization (269).
Language globalization in Europe (273). Language globalization in Germany (275). Language globalization and science (on the example of Germany) (276). Language globalization and scientific thinking (277).
Globalization and humanitarian sciences (279). Language globalization, regionalism and nationalism (280). Status of English language (282). Cultural value of multilingualism (282). Language globalization in Japan (285). Language globalization in Russia (285) Philology and its environmental aspects (288). The concept of ecology (288). Ecolinguistic ideas I.V. Goethe (289). The formation of environmentalvistics (290). Saving words (291). Why take care of the word (291). Language carrier as an object of environmental therapy (296). What is the protection of the word (297). Who should take care of the word savings (298). The role of the family in the preservation of the word (298). School as a stronghold of culture (299). The peasantry is the creator and the keeper of special organic forms of culture (299).
Intelligentsia and culture (300). The role of the linguistic person in saving words (302). State, state ideology and ecology of words (305). Points of mass support of culture (309).
Contacts of languages \u200b\u200band cultures - good or harm? (309) instructive experience of saving words (312) Conclusion
Abbreviation
Literature
Internet resources
Philology - Society Universal
Preface of a scientific editor
The concept of the textbook "Fundamentals of Modern Philology" allows you to consider a wide range of important problems with l about in about in the context of humanitarian education. The book is oriented primarily at the university audience - students and undergraduates, whose training program has introduced new disciplines designed to expand and deepen knowledge on topical issues. modern science, understand its "design", to appreciate the most promising and controversial fragments of the philological picture of the world. Her Creator is a scientist - largely depends on the concept of science and is able to "digest" not all of its cultural constants, but must know and feel the paralysis of philology, to understand the scale of the values \u200b\u200bof the educational environment, to see and preach the creative power of verbal art. In this regard, this tutorial will be extremely useful to future specialists of the philological profile, which have not yet formed scientific priorities and stereotypes. Here, in our opinion, it is important to look at the scope of the official and show the place of philology today.
This course can be used in the system of preparation of undergraduates of state institutions of higher vocational education In the direction of "Philology". In its framework it is assumed to study the history and methodology of this science in a wide polycultural space, both from the position of diachronic understanding the emergence and operation of the main stages of the development of philology and in modern state.
philological examination, its specificity; accurate methods in philology; Methodology of philological studies as a set of source principles and a set of methods;
specific technologies of philological studies; contribution of outstanding scientists to the development of this science; nature of philological knowledge; structure of philology; place and role of text in humanitarian sciences; paralysis concept; Language globalization; Ecology of culture and language; and etc.
We particularly note that in modern conditions, Master of Philology must have fundamental training in favorite specialty and border, adjacent disciplines, to be able to empty, formulate and resolve the scientific problem, to conduct competent communication in the relevant industry of philological science, own professional-practical skills and language learning skills or literature in the university (and other types of educational institutions), to own two foreign languages And in general, to navigate in architectonics and tools of humanitarian knowledge.
Focusing on the state of modern philological science, pedagogy, psychology, lingvodidactics, cultural studies and their newest achievements in the implementation different species activities, Master of Philology should be able to evaluate communication as a phenomenon, condition and factors for the development of literary-language processes and their research; put forward, justify and prove scientific hypotheses modern methods Philology, actively using the achievements of the XXI C. Information Culture.; work in the scientific team, to understand and know the organization of educational and research processes; perfectly own modern technologies and training in high school and secondary educational institutions of a new type.
The preparation of the Master of Philology writing and Protecting the graduation qualification work (master's thesis), which is the final stage of higher vocational education and will ensure not only the consolidation of the knowledge gained and skills of the scientific culture of labor, but also the necessary set of methodological ideas and methodological skills in the selected area of \u200b\u200bprofessional activities, as well as the real possibility of their use in further work .
8 *** New book Professor A.T. Chrolenko complies with the proposed standards and is devoted to the actual issues of modern university education, including traditional spheres of philological science and new achievements of domestic scientists in the field of development and application of a more advanced methodology, which contributes to the increase in the accuracy of humanitarian research.
The first part of the tutorial is designed to reveal the content of the nature of philological knowledge. The author will seem to seem to be ordinary for a specialist: "What is philology?". And it becomes clear that the boundaries of this science are not clearly defined. These are A.T. Hrolohenko generalizations indicate that not only the epochs, but different cultures and schools put forward their understanding of this substance, which now remains in a number of the most controversial and "explosive" sciences.
In this part, the author also considers the issues of scientific, adverse and pseudo-scientific philology, brings interesting examples and comparisons that allow the reader to understand the authenticity of certain allegations, learn to understand the core of our science and distinguish it from philological periphery.
Another problem illuminated by scientists is in the heterogeneity of the structure of philology, which eND XIX. in. It is divided into literary records and literary criticism, over time, convertible with their terms and system of specific methods.
Not only the views of the Claviers of the Science of the Past - I.A. are deserved here. Bodouen de Courtae, E.D. Polivanova et al., But also the opinions of modern philologists, reflecting on this topic (see, for example, the subtle observations of R.A. Budagova, Yu.M. Lotman, M.L. Gasparov, V.M. Alpathov, etc.) . Paradoxically, perhaps, I. Brodsky sounds in this vein - an expert on poetic intuition, as if he has moved its "philological consciousness" to another world, in the sphere of personal communication and philosophy. His judgments about Dostoevsky, cited in the book, it seems, will not return us to the realization of the internal contradictions, the instability of "small philology" in the structure of the Babylonian tower of this science: "Dostoevsky understood: in order to explore infinity, whether the infinity of the religious or the infinity of the human soul, there is no longer an instrument of longer than it is highly flexitive, with spiral coils of syntax, native language. "
Nevertheless, the tough division into linguistics and nonlineuity by the end of the XX century. suspended. In modern philology, the centripetal trends that have announced the beginning of the new period in the development of this science are activated in modern philology.
To them A.T. Chrolenko reasonably attributed to the integration processes in many areas of literary criticism, interest in the discourse analysis of the text, the emergence of philological discussions in scientific press, finally, the development of the problems of the theory and practice of teaching philological disciplines in school and university. All these facts eloquently testify that the verbal science in our time receives a new creative impetus and is actively included in the development of other areas of humanitarian knowledge, is looking for and finding the use of its methodology and rich historical experience in the SCI of the XXI B.
A special place in this occupies the text as an integration phenomenon of culture that binds its components into a single core.
Reflections of the author about what the text is from what it consists of and how it is organized, will help the reader to realize this verbal phenomenon wider than it is usually interpreted in university textbooks - from Lingvoophilosophical, cultural and aesthetic positions.
At the same time A.T. Chrolenko in the interpretation of the artistic text is largely relied on the brilliant flair M.M. Bakhtin, who raised him to the top of the verbal iceberg and imaching the finest threads and interlacing this substance. After all, it is no coincidence that M.M. Bakhtin believed that "the event of the text of the text, that is, its true essence, always develops at the turn of two consciousnesses, two subjects." Without sense, there can be no text.
An interesting observations of A.T. appeared interesting to us. Khrolhenko, which we would be called hermeneutic approaches to the disclosure of an eternal problem, because the meaning is - and in this we are completely solidar with the author of the book - the key word of philology. From questions set by scientists in this section, we note those that seem to be included in the framework of the foundations of philological science: text and language system; inhabitual text; The unconscious in the structure of knowledge and in creativity. These issues still have to solve future generations of philologists, philosophers, cultural scientists.
The question of the text of the text is adjacent to the question of the paralysis of philology, which can be interpreted and wider: what is the linguistic space Homo Sapiens.which mechanisms affect his consciousness. It is significant that the author introduces the conceptual terminological apparatus of paralyngwist (kinemma, intonhem, paraleks, paravemema, etc.), indicating that this branch of science is at the active stage of formation and is already allocated for a number of indicators to an independent unce of humanitarian knowledge. The paralywalk includes such aspects of the study of reality as Parakinisik and Paraphaphonics, the language of emotions and the languages \u200b\u200bof intuition, the paralysis in the artistic text, paralysis and inner speech, etc. Agree that these are very difficult phenomena not only for observation and description, but also for research. In fact, they can be science of the future. But here the author appropriately returns the reader in the past, where the parenchas are scattered with grains:
let us recall the "Forests of the Words" A. White, "Poetic Gul" V. Mayakovsky. These are special information flows that constitute the arsenal of paralyuzel funds that are so bright and figuratively manifest themselves in cinema, literature and in general in any form of creativity. No wonder V. Nabokov was introduced the term carpalistics, which scientists understand as a science about facial expressions, about the language of gestures and movements ... This part of the book is completed by the author's reasoning about the place of philology in the science system. The reader will find here the colorful examples of the use of the facts of the language and the presentation of the methods of philological research in unconventional areas, as associated with our science with one core of humanitarian knowledge (cultural studies, ethnography, sociology, political science, psychology, etc.), and at first glance , in a significant distance from verbal creativity (mathematics, informatics, biology, genetics). Everywhere, as we see, there is a spirit of Logos, which leads us according to human labyrinths of sciences.
In the second part of the tutorial, the specifics and methodology of philology are considered. The author clarifies the essence of such important concepts as a scientific study and its stages, intuition in science, hermeneutics as the beginning of the philological methodology, etc. It is described in detail the modern linguistic and literary techniques, the concept of megatest is introduced. Special attention, the scientist pays to the exact methods in philology, which received current application just in recent decades. Therefore, the judgment A.T. is very familiar and useful. Chrolenko on the links of verbal sciences with mathematics, on the development and use of frequency dictionaries, on the limited quantitative techniques.
Whatever structural model We applied to philology, one of the central techniques is an experiment, which always involves the inclusion in the "mathematicism" of our consciousness element of creativity, imagination. Because, probably, the most memorable, paradoxical work in science is not linear, but spontaneous, unconscious. And about such a difficult problem argues A.T. Khrolhenko.
Estimates of our scientists of the second half of the XX century., If neither paradoxically, still often brought over new ideas. A.T. Hrolohenko shows in his book where to look for the origins of philology, on what names and facts it is necessary to navigate now, in the age of pseudonak. But the world philology, history and philosophy found a worthy place in the system of "verbal coordinates" A.T. Khrolhenko, constantly extracting and analyzing the most indicative stories: Whether it is research on the vocabulary of K.F. Taranovsky, or ideas P. Feyerabenda on the methodology of science, or reflection "from the dream to the opening"
G. Selre, or Problems of Structural Anthropology K. Levisters ... All this is significantly complemented and expands the level of humanitarian competence of philology masters.
The third part of the book reveals the world of our science in sociocultural space and concerns such interesting, controversial and still poorly developed issues made by the author in the subtitle, as "philology and language globalization" and "Philology and its environmental aspects".
We will not disassemble the abstracts mentioned in detail.
Let's just say that each of them is now on the forefront of science, experiencing complex times and exposed to not political, but spiritual - persecution. Philology (and this clearly shows the author) is able to withstand culturerery, expansion of someone else's lifestyle, the introduction of artificial signs of "civilization". That is extremely relevant in this context, the thoughts of A.T. Chrolenko about the language globalization and the problems of the ecology of creativity and culture as a whole. But the author does not protrude here retrograd, so to speak, the office scientist, defending stereotypes of the past.
In each phenomenon, he sees the other side, which allows you to hope that a person will be focused by the harmony of the universe, it must prevail not devastating, but humanistic motives. Therefore, for example, the notorious globalization for A.T. Khrolhenko There is not only Americanization of language and culture (we want to hope that it is external, shameless signs of a new era), but also the search for the universal language of the future civilization, which the best minds have dreamed from the times of Aristotle. So, the problem of global dominance of the language is much more complicated and thinner than a simple change of culture attributes.
The author applies to such an extremely important component of our Genesis as the ecology of the language. It challenses the way to study this problem from Goethe to emigrant writers and modern thinkers. Drawn by the author and to the household side: why do you take care of the word? Who should do it? What is the role of the family in the preservation of this phenomenon? as influencing public policy On the "ideology" of the word? What are the functions of a language person in saving the word? All this is by no means celebrated for the author, which should be the subject of discussion in any thinking audience.
In the book used interesting electronic and library resources, allowing themselves more in-depth to study the stated issues and open new horizons of philological knowledge. Inserts in the text under the heading " Bookshelf»Attract the attention of readers and courses listeners to the most significant, according to the author, articles and works that decisive key problems of philological education.
Professor A.T. Chrolenko is not only a scientist of a high scientific culture that has passed a rich linguistic school of the XX century. (Among his teachers, such values \u200b\u200bas prof. P.G. Bogatyrev, prof. E.B. Artömenko, prof. A.P. Evgenieva, Acad. N.I. Tolstoy), but also a thinking practice working in modern audience and consistently contributing to the formation of a genuine person (and philological, and human as a whole), which is impossible to carry out without penetration into verbal matter, without understanding the spirit and values \u200b\u200bof any science. And in such craft A.T. Chrolenko is a real scientist, "according to God's illness". He is not just a teacher, loved in science, and a deep, original author with his own, if so you can put it, philology of life and a rare intuition of a scientist who can push the framework of official science and penetrate its nature.
Let's say that the individual chapters of this book were discussed and improved by us in joint discussions and disputes that are not stopped so far, because philology is not an archaic subject, but the science of the future, or, expressing the words of the legendary I.A. Bodona de Courtae, about the science. It is in this "universal" philology and is trying to look at the author, calling the readers to equal communication, controversy and, if you please, for verbal confession.
No wonder it is said: "The language is a confession of the people ..."
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Serious philological training does not think without thorough methodical equipment in the form of teaching aids, the central place among which should take a book on the basics of philology.
In accordance with the requirements of the State Standard, the Master of Philology should have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe content and place of philology among the disciplines of the humanitarian profile, on the state and development of modern science, about the problems of integration and differentiation in the field of philological sciences.
Master must know the structure, forms and methods of scientific knowledge, their evolution and dynamics, general principles Building philological theory, the main tasks of philological science, see the problems and prospects of modern philology, its main directions.
Graduate graduate should be able to summarize the results of scientific knowledge and use them as a means of incrementing new knowledge, conduct experiments and use introspection as an empirical basis in the field of philology, correctly formulate the concept of scientific search, the goal and objectives of the study, use the most effective methods, methods and research techniques, Professionally work in the Internet system, competently use the conceptual and methodological devices of the adjacent sciences.
During the training, the Master must form the skills of systemic thinking, innovative and cognitive, initiative, independent creative activities, the use of new information technologies and elements of computer linguistics, be competent in the application of the general scientific methodology and the conceptual apparatus of philological sciences in their research and educational and pedagogical activities.
*** Despite the fact that philology behind the shoulders have a venerable centuries-old tradition, the abundance of books on the basics of the science of the word This area of \u200b\u200bknowledge can not boast.
Philology in a modern understanding of this term began with a generalizing course of an outstanding university teacher of August Beech (1785-1868) "Encyclopedia and methodology of philological sciences"; The course was issued posthumously in 1877.
By 1925, the first attempt of GOO belongs Vinorur teach philology as a training subject. This experience in the 40s was summarized by him in the text "Introduction to the study of philological sciences". The release of the first "task of philology" in 1981 was published by V.P. Grigoriev in the collection of scientific papers "Problems of structural linguistics 1978" [Vinokur 1981]. It happened in it, consisting of four sections:
1) What you need to understand under philology;
2) the volume and sections of philology; principles of separation of its departments;
3) methods of philology;
4) Samples of philological learning texts.
The first three sections were exactly the content of "introducing into the study of philological sciences." There is no strict definition of philology in this work, however, the comment G.O. Vinokura, which publishers "Introduction" found in the archive of a scientist: "I myself look at myself as the author of this work, not as a historian of literature and not as a linguist, but, above all, as on the f and l o l o g a ( Our discharge. - A.H.) in the specific meaning of this term. Both of these sciences are the sisters of the work, the same-oriented consciousness, which puts the task of interpretation of the text. "
In modern curriculum, there is a need to continue work in this direction. So, we know the program "Fundamentals of Philology", compiled by Dr. Philological Sciences, Professor A.A. Chuvakin at the Department of Russian Language, Stylistics and Rhetoric of the Altai State University and supported by the Presidium of the Philology of the UMO on the Classical University Education in 2003 (published in 2006). It is focused on the "philology" of university education and takes into account the fact that modern philology has a wider range of professions lying at the crossroads of literary studies, linguistics and folklorestics. These science are closely related to the border and interdisciplinary areas of activity.
The program defines the course tasks:
1) to present a picture of the emergence and main stages of the development of philology;
2) introduce students with the main objects of philology;
3) characterize the problem of the philology method;
4) outline the place of philological sciences in modern society;
5) Consider the features of scientific research in the field of philology.
If so far the preparation of philologists in high school somehow did without a propaedeutic book about philology, the deepening and expansion of the content of philological education at the magistracy level is difficult to imagine without classroom book On the basics of philology.
The proposed book consists of three parts: (i) "Nature of philological knowledge"; Ii) "Methodology of Philology";
Iii) "Philology in socio-cultural space."
The concept and content of the book developed in the process of developing and reading in the Kursk State University of two courses curriculum Masters: "History and methodology of philology and philological education" and "Actual problems of philology and philological education". The book has planned as a generalization of the practice of academic cooperation with the undergraduates of the first issues, which the lecturer considers its co-authors. We thank those of them who contributed to the emergence of the book. Our special appreciation is graduates of N. Dyachkov, V. Goncharova, A. Salov, T. Demidova, V. Selivanova, N. Dorenskaya, Y. Khalina.
Words of cardiac grateful The author expresses Dr. Philological Sciences, Professor of the Moscow State Regional University Oleg Viktorovich Nikitin, who took the work on himself to look after the book was formed, for the critical, benevolent and highly constructive analysis of almost every chapter.
It should be noted that the book about philology wrote a literature, and this can lead to some "linguistic car". We hope that literary criticism and folklorists will help with their constructive criticism to overcome this "roll". As a result, a course, introducing a future specialist in the world of philology and providing him with a productive and comfortable scientific stay in this world.
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What is philology? "I know what it is, until I ask me what it is," these words of the Christian thinker of the Middle Ages Augustine of the Blessed, spoken by him about the category of time, are fully applicable in reflections on philology.
On the one hand, this science is among the most developed. It has a certain subject, exact methods of studying, the system of theoretical conclusions and accumulated knowledge, a wide sphere of annex to public practice [Wolves 2007: 23]. On the other hand, Philology remains science of unresolved problems that are indicated by all who comes with it.
The question of the essence of philology as science and educational discipline updated in connection with the restructuring of the domestic system higher education, the appearance of undergraduate and magistracy in the direction of "Philological Education". In high school, classes of philological profile arise. There is a need for relevant programs and school books.
S.I. Gindin rightly notes that the lack of philological programs for the school is explained by the fact that, despite the prevalence, the definition of "philological" remains uncertain [Gindin 1998: 83].
It requires disciplinary support. The concept of "philological competence" is currently relevant in modern domestic pedagogy, since the borders of philology, its origins are still discussion [Makhmurian 2008: 202]. Therefore, the question is "What is philology?" - not at all idle.
Encyclopedias, dictionaries and reference books differ significantly by their definitions of the concept of "philology".
In the dictionary of the Academy of the Russian "word philology, but there are three single words - a philologist, philological, philologically. If the philologist is interpreted in it as 'loves' [SAR: 6:
488], then the potential word philology would mean 'love'.
One of the first definitions of the term philology gave
N.M. Yanovsky in his "New Little Slotcher ..." (1806):
"Philology, gr. Looking and teaching languages \u200b\u200band literature;
science, which contains the rules and notes that serve to universal knowledge of languages, their critics, the meanings of both their own and carrying their words and rivers and finally, which is related to expression in different adverbs of the peoples of both the ancients and the newest. ... Philology includes various branches of human knowledge, except for the high sciences of mathematical and physical "[Yanovsky 1806: III: 987-988].
IN AND. Dahl in the famous science dictionary about the word also did not bypassed. "Philology, language, science or learning ancient, dead languages; Learning live languages \u200b\u200b"[Dal 1980: 4: 534].
If VI Dahl, extremely narrowing understanding of philology, leads it to linguistics, the majority of subsequent authors expand the understanding of philology, including in her and a cultural aspect.
I.N. Berezina Thermal Philology is devoted to two articles: "Philology comparative" and "philology". The first is interpreted by them in the spirit of comparativeness - the leading direction in the science of those years, the second - love - is a brief essay of the content of this concept from antiquity, where speric art reached the vertices of verbal skill, until the second half of the XIX century, when it was divided into two branches: "Science about the language and literature of the people" and the science of the people. In the first case, the problems of grammar, criticism and hermeneutics remain in the center of attention, and in the second - ethnology and cultural studies (see: [Berezin 1878: 215]). For that time, such an understanding of philology was a noticeable step forward.
In the "encyclopedic dictionary" of Brockhaus and Ephron, philology thinks in the composition of a single historical and philological science and is defined as "Science, which has its content to study the creations of the human spirit, i.e. in their development "(see
reisd.: [Zelinsky 1993: 811]).
The "Encyclopedic Dictionary" of the Russian Bibliographic Institute of Granat Philology determines as follows: "Love for the Word, to the study of word-thoughts" [Ritter 1926: 511]; "Failing to the monuments side of historical and philological science"
[ibid: 512].
For ED. Polivanova Philology is a combination of disciplines of social sciences, studying the phenomena of culture, reflected in the monuments of the word, i.e. In the language and in literary sources, as well as (since other arts, in turn, closely adjacent to literature) and in monuments of other arts.
In composed of E.D. Polyvanov "An intelligent terminological dictionary on linguistics" (1935-1937) is the Word of Philology, in which it is argued that the history of literature (just as the history of culture in the monuments of literature) and the history of art are included in the concept of philology, while "linguistics (\u003d language science) is only partially included here.
[Polivans 1991: 444].
S.S. Averintsev in the "brief literary encyclopedia"
philology determined as "Commonwealth of humanitarian disciplines that study history and finding out the essence of the spiritual culture of mankind through a linguistic and stylistic analysis of written texts." True, in this article below there is a remarkable phrase: "It is more correct to see in F. wide, but the internal one and self-ignarious form of knowledge, which is not as much as the boundaries of its subject, as a specific approach to it" [Averintsev 1972: 974].
R.A. Budagov called the philology of the combination of sciences studying the culture of different peoples, primarily in the form in which it is expressed in the language, in writing, in artistic literature [Budagov 1976: 14].
The results of the 1979 discussion are indicative. "Philology: problems, methods, tasks" on the pages of the magazine "Literary Review". Performances of famous literary critics, linguists and philosophers Ya. Bilinkis, M. Gasparova, M. Girschman, V. Grigorieva, V. Kozhinova, D. Likhacheva, Yu. Lotman, A. Markova, V. Fedorova about different aspects of philology did not led to the emergence The unified concept of the basic foundations of this field of humanitarian science.
Almost twenty years later S.I. Gindin stated that there is no single definition of philology even in a specially dedicated to this topic of the works of GO. Vinokur.
The definition can be reconstructed thanks to the statements. Vinokura about the essence of philological work. For example, "Philologist is not" keyboard "and not a" headper ", but simply - the best of readers: the best commentator and critic.
The main responsibility of the philologist is exactly the same as to understand everything "(quot. By: [Gindin 1998: 5]). Note that G.O. Vinokur determined the philology not directly, but through the structure of the text and reasoning type "... There is no doubt that reading is the art that needs to be learned ... the reading master is the person whom we call a philologist. The same art read in an estimated sense here will fairly be denoted in this case the word "philology" "[Vinokur 1981: 38-39]. If for GOVinur Philology - art read, then for S.S. Averintseva Philology is a study of the human world organized around the text and seen through the text [Averintsev 1972: 975].
The search for adequate determination of the essence of philology is necessary and because it is difficult without it, if not to say it is impossible to determine the boundaries of its parts (sciences, disciplines).
Modern encyclopedias and dictionaries on the question of what philology is responding too generalized, and therefore approximately the same. For example:
"Philology is the name of the group of disciplines (linguistics, literary criticism, textology, etc.), studying human culture through the text."
"Philology ... A combination of methods and techniques for studying monuments of writing in terms of language, style, historical and ethnicity" [BE 2006: 54: 476-477].
So, in definitions, the status of philology is determined in different ways:
2) the name of the group of disciplines;
3) the area of \u200b\u200bknowledge;
4) A combination of methods and techniques for study of writing monuments.
Disquires the fact of the absence of the very concept and term "philology" in the reference books of a philological nature, for example, in the "literary encyclopedia of terms and concepts"
(M., 2001), although the philological method is specified.
The compilers of foreign encyclopedias collided with the same score. French linguist J. Mauposo The term "philology" interprets like this: "This word usually denotes the study of literature at all, but more definitely (with the exception of historical disciplines - stories, sciences about antiquities) - the study of written monuments and the form of the language with which they We are introduced, and in an even more special sense - the study of texts and their transfer, with the exception of the study of the language, which are engaged in linguistic education "[Maorazo 1960: 326].
The famous encyclopedia "Britannica" was limited to several lines: "Philology, A Term Now Rarely Used But Once Applied to The Study of Language and Literature. Nowadays a Distinction Is Usually Made Between Literary and Linguistic Scholarship, and the Term Philology? Where Used, Means The Study of Language - I.E., Linguistics (Q.V.). IT SURVIVES IN THE TITLES OF A FEW LEARNED JOURNALS THAT DATE TO THE 19TH CENTURY. Comparative Philology Was a Former Name for What is Now Called Comparative Linguistics (Q.V.). . From the vocabulary article it is clear that the term "philology" is rarely used and refers to the sphere of linguistic and literary studies. Most often, he means learning the language, and therefore comparative philology gradually becomes compatative linguistics. In the XIX century The word Philology reports the dictionary article, it was the name of some educational and methodological journals. Thus, philology, in the interpretation of British lexicographers, appears as something cleaner.
Understanding the object, subject, goals and tasks from philologists will be quite varied. Literary critic is convinced that philology as disciplines more general than linguistics and literary criticism, which unites their level of the object is the word, and the subject is the features of the usual consumption, common for linguistics and for literary studies, as well as private laws in related arts [Markov 1979: 50] . For the cultureologist, the purpose of philology is to explain the meaning and features of this or that text in a common cultural context. The center of philological efforts are artistic verbal texts as the most complex text of texts. Decorating different levels of the meaning of the works of verbal art, linguistics and literary studies, more or less clearly differentiated in the theory, in a particular analysis are so closely merged that their separation is done very difficult, and this requires a philologist to clearly navigate in the methodology of these sciences [Lotman 1979: 47]. A specialist in the field of classical philology believes that the purpose of the philologist is through the study of the word to reach the thoughts and feelings of another person. The word as a great instrument of thought and communication between people and at the same time as a means of knowing someone else's thought - this is the main material for the philologist and the starting point for all its research [Radzig 1965: 85]. The linguistic is obvious that the purpose of structural philology can be considered the detection in each word independent cultural value and a system of aesthetically significant meanings [Grigoriev 1979: 28].
Our understanding of philology is close to the definitions of Yu.S. Stepanova ("The region of humanitarian knowledge, having its direct object, the main embodiment of the human word and spirit - text" [Stepanov 1998: 592]) and M.I. Shapira (" Chief object Philology - text and its meaning. Only philology is interested in "text as a whole ... that is, a unique, unique unity of meaning in its entirety and in any subtleties of his material incarnation in a sensually perceived form" [Shapir 2002: 57]). Filology object - text.
The subject is the meanings and associated implicit patterns of text.
Unresolved philology issues. As soon as the conversation on the structure of philological knowledge, the complex of philological sciences and disciplines, there is a lot of theoretical issues, which are not yet unequivocal answers: what is the text and what is its borders; Philology is an approach to the text, research method, a complex of sciences or a single multidisciplinary science; why E.D. Polivans and some other philologists linguistics are out of philology; Why linguistics capable of analyzing any artistic and non-educated text with the richest among humanitarian sciences with research tools cannot replace literary criticism; What is philology and why the Old Russian and folk texts are lighter than other artistic texts to philological analysis; If an understanding on which philological knowledge is based, by nature is polyvariant, then how to deal with the truth, without which the knowledge of knowledge does not mention.
It seems that the problem of identification of philology is a consequence of the uncertainty of the boundaries of the entire humanitarian knowledge and - wider - the invertation of the taxonomy of public sciences as a whole. So, to the understanding of the essence of philology, it is advisable to approach the scoundrels of the scooping taxonomy - to determine the place of philology among other areas of knowledge.
The specifics of philological knowledge should be considered from the position of the peculiarities of humanitarian knowledge.
Features of humanitarian knowledge. The difference in natural and humanitarian sciences is due to the nature of the object of the study.
In the natural sciences, the researcher is dealing with a real object, which is extodited by the researcher, since nature exists outside the person. For this reason, a single fixed point of view of scientists on the nature of the studied object and the possibility of the use of theoretical knowledge is poured.
The purpose of naturalists - to describe and explain natural phenomenaSo that on this basis to deploy engineering practice and create managed technical products [Rosina 2005: 68, 75-76].
Natural sciences create a technical culture that is based on approval that the world is subject to the laws of nature, which can be learned to put in the service of a person.
The objects of humanitarian knowledge are not given to the researcher directly and directly, but are created by them. In the humanitarian scientific knowledge, the object under study stands out, is issued and explained from the point of view of the personality and values \u200b\u200bof the researcher himself [Rosina 2005: 67].
Objects that make up the subject of humanitarian sciences are uncertain. These objects are a product of the inner world of a person. They enter this world or are significantly determined by the inner world [perts 2009:
123]. Humanitarianism with his subject is the spiritual inner world of man, his intelligence, psyche, as well as the products of this inner world. In the object being studied, it is found that there is in the very knowledgeable subject. In the context of personal life, scientific knowledge acts as humanitarian [Rosina 2005: 72]. Natural properties of the object are important for humanitaristics, but its connection with the inner world of man and the spiritual culture of society [Perses 2009: 102]. The cultural information studied is always immersed in the context of research interest1.
Academician N.N. Moses was a sign of humanitarian sciences considered the principal indivisibility of the object of study and studying this subject of the subject. Even knowledge, even the "picture of the world", which is born in the minds of thinkers and scientists, affect the nature of the evolution of the world in which we live.
The information received by a person about the properties of the system, considered Moiseyev, and there is a basis for influencing it [Moiseyev 19Kurvutsya his inner world and its products, a person during the observation itself can influence them to a much greater extent than on the outpoures of nature objects;
the inner world of a person is inseparable from him [perts 2009: 120].
It is important not only what humanitarian knowledge speaks, but and where it leads.
Humanitarian the very fact of study affects its object - promotes culture, spirituality, expands human capabilities, prevents what destroys or reduces cultural or spiritual potency of man. In essence, in the humanities, the researcher does not matter with a phenomenon, but with the manifestations of the studied phenomenon, which considers as texts. The main theme of humanitarian knowledge is to study the interaction of the internal worlds of people entering all possible relations. Humanitarian knowledge distinguishes two planning plan - research (interpretation) of texts and the construction of explanations and theories.
The opposition of natural and humanitarian sciences involves the opposition of technical and humanitarian cultures [Rosina 2005: 72]. Unlike natural sciences, humanitarianism is not focused on engineering, but on humanitarian activities and practices (pedagogy, criticism, politics, wade
We use the example of the Russian religious philosopher S.L. Far-
kA: Researcher of the anthill is not a member of the anthill, bacteriologist belongs to another group of phenomena than the world of microorganisms studied by him, the public has himself - a consciously or unconsciously - a citizen, i.e. A participant in the society studied by him (quoted by: [Chernigov 2007: 65]).
creativity, education, self-education, etc.) [Rosina 2006: 81].
Humanitarian and including philological research is dealing with a cultural background, which is explicitly present in the results of the study or implicitly participates in the formulation of conclusions.
A.T. Khrolhenko
Basics of modern philology
Tutorial
for students and undergraduates of philological faculties of higher educational institutions
Moscow Publisher "Flinta"
UDC 80 (075.8) BBK 80Y73
Scientific editor - Dr. Philol. Science, Prof.O.V.Niktin
R E C E N Z E N T s:
dr. Philol. Sciences, head. Department of Russian language and teaching methods of teaching Belgorod State National Research University, Prof.V.K.Kharchenko;
dr. Firos., Dr. Eastor. Sciences, head. Department of Philosophy of the Kursk State Medical University,
professor with .p.Bevelev
Khrolhenko A.T.
X94 Basics of modern philology [Electronic resource]: studies. manual / scientific ed. O.V. Nikitin. - M.: Flint, 2013. - 344 p.
ISBN 978-5-9765-1418-8
The training manual was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the State Educational Standard in the direction of "Philology". It addresses key problems of modern university theory.
and practices: Nature of Humanitarian Knowledge, Methodology of Philology, Place
and the role of text in verbal sciences, philology in socio-cultural space. The book contains a description of the structure of this discipline, current issues of modern science studies are discussed: paralysis of philology; Society - Personality - Language Globalization; Ecology of culture and language
and dr. Particular attention is paid to the methodology of philological research, the introduction and application of new technologies in humanitarian sciences.
For students and undergraduates of the philological faculties of higher educational institutions, graduate students and doctoral students, a wide range of Slavists, historians, cultural scientists and teachers-philologists, scientists, educators of the humanitarian cycle profile classes, as well as for readers interested in studying the foundations of philological education at the present stage.
UDC 80 (075.8) BBK 80Y73
Part I. Nature of philological knowledge The specificity of humanitarian and philological knowledge. (twenty)
What is philology? (20) Unresolved issues of philology (26). Features of humanitarian knowledge (27). Difficulties of philological knowledge (31). Understanding as the basis of philological knowledge (32). Sense-dialogism - truth in philological studies (34). Accuracy or intuition? (36) What unites natural and humanitarian sciences? (37) Scientific knowledge (39). Philological peripherals (41). Affective knowledge (42). Knowledge of idiot-practical (42). Naive linguistics (43). Study of naive forms of knowledge (46). Naive literary studies (47). Naive philology (48). The place of implicit knowledge in philological analysis (48). Relationship of scientific and indecent knowledge (50). Pseudo-scientific knowledge (50)
The structure of philology as scientific knowledge. (57) initial unity of domestic philology (57). Start
differentiation of philology (58). Outlines of philology differentiation (59). Disciplinary structure of science (59). The pattern of differentiation (60). Definition of literary studies and linguistics (63). The originality of the object of literary studies (64). Place linguistics in the structure of scientific philology (67). Linguistics domination (68). The basic nature of linguistics (69). Limitability of linguistics features (72). The grounds for the unity of philology (73). In search of the unity of philology as scientific knowledge (78). Centripetal trends in philology (84). Text as an incentive of philology integration (84). Discourses
analysis and its role in converging philological disciplines (85). The emergence of new intraphilological sciences (86). Linguculturology (86). Lingopolklorism (87). Croscular lingopolklorism (88). The formation of a new literature (88). Theoretical understanding of general philological
questions (89)
Text in philology.(91) M. M. Bakhtin about the place of text in the humanities (91). What is text (92). Meaning as a base
text (94). Interestivity of text (95). Text and discourse (99). Difficult textology issues (100). The unconscious in the structure of knowledge and in creativity (101). Language system and unconscious (102). Communication process and unconscious (107)
Paralysis in the artistic text. (110) oral speech dial. Paralyask (110). Parakinisik (111). Paraphaphonics (111). Paralenage Information Capacity (112). Theoretical aspect of the study of the paralysis (113). Country Nature Consciousness (115). Pragmatic aspect of the paralysis study (118). Paralinguistics(paraffilology) (119). Artistic and creative Paralenka aspect (119). L. N. Tolstoy about the parenching (121). Paralyask in the artistic text (122). Searches for parenching units (124). Conceptable-terminological Paralyinguistics apparatus (125). Paralyask and inner speech (129). Paralyask in prose E.I. Nose (132). Comparative analysis of the paralysis in art texts (133)
Philology in the system of sciences.On the issue of classification of sciences (136). Humanitarian sciences (137). Increasing the role of the language (141). Philology among humanitarian sciences. History (143). Philology and science of culture: culturaology and linguocultureology (145). Ethnography and ethnolinguistics (146). Philology and socioeconomic sciences: Sociology and sociolinguistics (148). Philology and political science (151). Jurislideration and jurislinguistics (153). Philology and science of the psychological and pedagogical cycle: Psychology and psycholinguistics (155). Cooperation of philology with the sciences of the mathematical and natural science cycle (157). Philology and mathematics (157). Philology and informatics (160). Biology and linguistics (164). Philology and genetics (165). Anthroponymics and genetics (168). Philology and geography (177). Neurophysiology and neurolinguistics (177)
Part II. Methodology of philology............................................181
Specificity and methodology of philological studies.
(182) The concept of scientific research (182). Stages of scientific
research (182). Specific features of philological
following (183). Philological research and the world of unconscious (190). Intuition in science (190). Philology methodology
sciences (193). Scientific method (196). Limit of any scientific method (197). Hermeneutics as the beginning of the philological methodology (199). The need for revision of philological tools (201). Discipline "Philological Analysis of Text" and Problems of Methodology (203). Composite analysis (204). Motion analysis (205). The method close to the experiment (205). Biographic method (205). Semoesthetic method (206). Intertext analysis (206). Discourse analysis (209). Narrative method (213). The concept of narrative (213). Narrative as a tool of scientific knowledge (216). Narrative in philology (219). Content analysis (221). Megatest as an empirical basis of philology (226). Megatest frequency dictionaries as a tool of philology. Dominant Analysis (229). Method of "Specific Literary Science" (234)
Exact methods in philology. (238) The interest of philology to mathematics (238). « Accurate literary studies"(239). Linguistics and Mathematics (248). Frequency Dictionaries (249). Study of the author's idiot (252). Limit of quantity techniques (261)
Philology and language globalization (268). The concept of globalization
(Globalstik) (268). The concept of linguistic globalization (269). Language globalization in Europe (273). Language globalization in Germany (275). Language globalization and science (on the example of Germany) (276). Language globalization and scientific thinking (277). Globalization and humanitarian sciences (279). Language globalization, regionalism and nationalism (280). English status (282). Cultural value of multilingualism (282). Language globalization in Japan (285). Language globalization in Russia (285)
Philology and its environmental aspects (288). The concept of eco-
logging (288). Ecolinguistic ideas I.V. Goethe (289). Becoming
ecolingestics (290). Saving words (291). Why take care of the word (291). Language carrier as an object of environmental therapy
(296). What is the protection of the word (297). Who should take care of the word savings (298). The role of the family in the preservation of the word (298). School as a stronghold of culture (299). The peasantry is the creator and the keeper of special organic forms of culture (299). Intelligentsia and culture (300). The role of the linguistic person in saving words (302). State, state ideology and ecology of words (305). Points of mass support of culture (309). Contacts of languages \u200b\u200band cultures - good or harm? (309) instructive experience saving words (312)
Conclusion ............................................................... ............................................................... | |
Cuts ............................................................... .................................................. ........ | |
Literature................................................. .................................................. .......... | |
Internet resources............................................... ............................................................... |
Philology - Society Universal
Preface of a scientific editor
The concept of the textbook "Fundamentals of Modern Philology" allows you to consider a wide range of important problems with l about in about in the context of humanitarian education. The book is focused primarily on the university audience - students and undergraduates, whose training program has introduced new disciplines designed to expand and deepen knowledge
in actual issues of modern science, understand its "plan", to assess the most promising and controversial fragments of the philological picture of the world. Her Creator is a scientist - largely depends on the concept of science and is able to "digest" not all of its cultural constants, but must know and feel the paralysis of philology, to understand the scale of the values \u200b\u200bof the educational environment, to see and preach the creative power of verbal art. In this regard, this tutorial will be extremely useful to future specialists of the philological profile, which have not yet formed scientific priorities and stereotypes. Here, in our opinion, it is important to look beyond the scope of the official and show the place of philology
these days.
This course can be used in the system of training undergraduates of state institutions of higher professional education in the direction of "Philology". In its framework it is assumed to study the history and methodology of this science in a wide polycultural space, both from the position of diachronic understanding the emergence and operation of the main stages of the development of philology and in modern state.
specific technologies of philological studies; contribution of outstanding scientists to the development of this science; nature of philological knowledge; structure of philology; place and role of text in humanitarian sciences; paralysis concept; Language globalization; Ecology of culture and language; and etc.
We particularly note that in modern conditions, the Master of Philology must have fundamental training in the selected specialty and border, adjacent disciplines, to be able to lean, formulate and resolve the scientific problem, to carry out competent communication in the relevant industry of philological science, to own professionally practical skills and skills Learning language or literature in high school (and other types of educational institutions), to own two foreign languages \u200b\u200band generally navigate in architectonics and tools of humanitarian knowledge.
Focusing on the state of modern philological science, pedagogy, psychology, lingvoddetactics, cultural studies and their newest achievements in the implementation of various activities, Master of Philology should be able to evaluate communication as a phenomenon, condition and factors for the development of lyugenic language processes and their research; To put forward, justify and prove scientific hypotheses with modern methods of philology, actively using the achievements of information culture of the XXI B.; work in the scientific team, to understand and know the organization of educational and research processes; Perfectly own modern technologies and learning tools in high school and secondary educational institutions of a new type.
The preparation of the Master of Philology by writing and protecting the final qualifying work (master's thesis), which is the final stage of higher vocational education and will ensure not only the consolidation of the knowledge gained and skills of the scientific culture of labor, but also the necessary set of methodological ideas and methodological skills in the selected area of \u200b\u200bprofessional activities , as well as the real possibility of their use in further work.
New book Professor A.T. Chrolenko complies with the proposed standards and is devoted to the actual issues of modern university education, including traditional spheres of philological science and new achievements of domestic scientists in the field of development and application of a more advanced methodology, which contributes to the increase in the accuracy of humanitarian research.
The first part of the tutorial is designed to reveal the content of the nature of philological knowledge. The author will seem to seem to be ordinary for a specialist: "What is philology?". And it becomes clear that the boundaries of this science are not clearly defined. These are A.T. Hrolohenko generalizations indicate that not only the epochs, but different cultures and schools put forward their understanding of this substance, which now remains in a number of the most controversial and "explosive" sciences.
In this part, the author also considers the issues of scientific, adverse and pseudo-scientific philology, brings interesting examples and comparisons that allow the reader to understand the authenticity of certain allegations, learn to understand the core of our science and distinguish it from philological periphery.
Another problem illuminated by scientists is the heterogeneity of the structure of philology, which is by the end of the XIX century. It is divided into literary records and literary criticism, over time, convertible with their terms and system of specific methods. Not only the views of the Claviers of the Science of the Past - I.A. are deserved here. Bodouen de Courtae, E.D. Polivanova et al., But also the opinions of modern philologists, reflecting on this topic (see, for example, the subtle observations of R.A. Budagova, Yu.M. Lotman, M.L. Gasparov, V.M. Alpathov, etc.) . Paradoxically, perhaps, I. Brodsky sounds in this vein - an expert on poetic intuition, as if he has moved its "philological consciousness" to another world, in the sphere of personal communication and philosophy. His judgments about Dostoevsky, cited in the book, as