The winch is one of the oldest devices that facilitates the movement of heavy objects, invented by man much earlier than he knew the laws of physics. The principle of operation of the winch is based on the rule of leverage: by applying minor forces to the handle, you can move and lift quite heavy objects. Winches and hoists are widely used on the farm for lifting building materials, dragging loads, and even for plowing land. Winches, powered by manual or electric drive, are also indispensable for lovers of off-road travel.
Buy a winch or make it yourself? Which winch design is better? The answers to these questions depend on how often you plan to use it and what loads you move. Manual winches require force but are not dependent on electrical power. An electric winch can move heavy loads without any effort on your part, but it must be powered or battery-powered. Below are the designs of several winches that you can make with your own hands; which winch to choose is up to you.
Winch made from a cable and a piece of pipe
A version of the simplest winch, which can be made literally from scrap materials and in a few minutes, is popular among car enthusiasts. This design is a cable rigidly attached to a piece of pipe placed on an axle. The axle is driven into the ground or secured in some other way. Any lever is slipped under the bottom turn of the cable: a shovel handle, a pipe, a strong pole. By rotating the lever so that the cable is wound around the pipe, you can move enough heavy object, for example, a stuck car. This device cannot be called a full-fledged winch, but it performs its functions.
Manual winches include any devices that allow you to move loads and are manually driven. The most common are drum-type winches: a cable is wound on a reel, and the rotation of the reel is carried out using a handle through a gear transmission: a worm or a sprocket system different sizes. The higher the gear ratio, the less force is required to apply to the handle.
For effective operation, the hand winch must be rigidly fixed to a stationary object; for this purpose, mounting holes are made on the winch frame. The handle is connected to a shaft on which a small sprocket is rigidly fixed. The coil is rigidly connected to a large sprocket, which has a clutch with a small one. The cable is attached at one end to the reel, and a carabiner or hook is attached to the other end.
Do-it-yourself winch with manual or electric drive
If you have the skills to work with a welding machine, you can make a winch yourself from scrap materials.
You will need:
- Pipe rectangular section for making a frame;
- Pipe or finished drum shaft;
- Sheet metal for drum discs, thickness 3 mm;
- Threaded rods M10-M12, 24 cm long – 6 pieces, nuts;
- Tube with a diameter of Ø14 – 6 identical pieces of 20 cm;
- Large and small sprockets and chain;
- Hubs for attaching the drum to the shaft and for attaching the shaft to the frame;
- Lever for manual drive, petrol or Electrical engine, operating from a ~220 V network or a car battery;
- A cable of the required length with a carabiner at the end;
- Welding machine and electrodes;
- Grinder with cutting and grinding disc;
- Paint and primer for metal;
Set of wrenches.
Winch manufacturing technology:
- According to the drawing, a 20x20 mm rectangular pipe for the frame is cut with a grinder. All connections made perpendicularly are obtained by cutting the workpieces at an angle of 45 degrees.
- Lay out the workpieces on a flat surface. Weld the winch frame using welding machine pointwise at the junction of the workpieces. Check the perpendicularity of the corners and the consistency of the dimensions, after which the seams are completely welded. Weld the platform from sheet metal with longitudinal grooves for mounting the drive motor. Remove scale and burrs with an angle grinder grinding wheel.
- Sand the frame, cover it with a metal primer, and after drying, paint or enamel in two layers.
- Start making the drum. Two circles of the same diameter are cut out of sheet metal - approximately 30 cm. A hole is drilled in the center of each circle according to the diameter of the shaft, and six holes are also made at a distance of 7-8 cm from the center. Drill holes for fastening the hubs - 4 on each disk. The hubs are secured to a bolted connection. The drum disks are fastened with studs: each stud is secured in one disk, a Ø14 tube is put on it, after which a second disk is put on the studs and tightened onto the nuts and locknuts.
- The drum is mounted on a shaft. The shaft can be made from metal pipe suitable diameter or use a ready-made shaft made of high-strength steel from any mechanism. A large sprocket is attached to the shaft on the outside of the drum - you can use a sprocket from a motorcycle gearbox, for example. Hubs are installed on the protruding parts of the shaft to secure the drum to the frame.
- Install the drum with the shaft on the frame, securing them with external hubs and bolts. An electric or gasoline engine with a small sprocket rigidly fixed to the output shaft is installed on the platform. Put on the chain and adjust its tension by moving the electric motor along the platform in the rectangular mounting grooves to the optimal position. The chain should not sag, but too much tension is not advisable - wear on the sprockets will increase, and the chain may also break. You can check the chain tension by rotating the drum with your hands - it should not hinder the rotation of the drum when unwinding the cable.
- Wind the cable around the drum, securing its end to the shaft. The second end of the cable is equipped with a durable carabiner. For ease of movement, the winch is mounted on a frame with a wheel pair using a shank.
- The shank on the opposite side is designed for attaching the winch to the car. In this case, it is recommended to cover the drum with a protective casing to prevent dirt and precipitation from getting on the cable.
- If the drive is planned to be universal, then a handle can be mounted on the outside of the shaft. In this case, in the absence of fuel or electricity, it will be possible to use the winch manually.
The presented winch design is simple and reliable, and although it does not have the ability to switch gear ratios, reverse and other auxiliary functions, it performs the task of moving heavy loads in a horizontal plane perfectly. If it is necessary to lift a load to a greater height, such a winch can be used in combination with a manual hoist or simply by throwing the cable over a strong support.
Thus, in today's lesson we looked at creating a manual winch with your own hands, subscribe to our group and stay updated on all the important news!
A homemade manual hoist is a good replacement for industrial designs, because it is no less effective. So it’s worth getting such an assistant in your household, and we will help you do it and tell you about this device.
How does a manually driven hoist work?
A hoist is a suspended lifting device. It can be manual or electric; the second option is, of course, more common. A hoist, in general, is a special mechanism for lifting or lowering various loads, as well as for moving them. The lifting capacity can be up to 10 tons, and objects can be lifted to a height of up to 12 m - you must admit, not bad for a manually driven mechanism.
Based on these indicators, this device can be used to move various goods heavy weight, these could be objects household appliances – gas stoves or refrigerators, freezers or washing machines etc. Trade workers often use them to put goods on shelves. You cannot do without manual hoists during construction or repair work, where you often have to lift Construction Materials or tools.
An ordinary manual chain hoist has the following main elements: a chain hoist, consisting of movable and fixed blocks connected to each other; two-stage cylindrical coaxial gearbox, which has a manual mechanical drive; output shaft; specialized disc brake; additional system load braking; block pendant with hook. The operating principle is based on traction and load chain systems that have round links. The main types of manual hoists: gear and lever.
Gear manual hoists – is their popularity justified?
The main advantage of this type of hoists is considered to be simplicity of design and reliability. Many industries cannot do without them: neither in the construction, nor in the mining industry, nor in agriculture, nor in fuel and energy enterprises and others. Such a device can be used not only indoors, but also outdoors, even if there are no power sources. Moreover, such hoists are not only safe to use, but also unpretentious to use and have a durable mechanism.
The gear type of hoists is suitable for working with large loads weighing from 0.5 to 10 tons, and they can be freely lifted to a height of up to 12 m. A special load chain with a hook is designed for such a load, and the available additional drive chain will ensure not only good movement, but also easy movement of loads. You need to control the operation of such a hoist while standing on the ground. The action begins with the drive chain, this device is a stationary mechanism, and its purpose is to raise or lower loads from high shelves.
Monorails are installed indoors to move goods using hoists. Such stationary devices usually used when there is no need to constantly move and lift loads. They are not designed for a large amount of work, and the movement speed is very low, this must be taken into account when choosing this tool. But at the same time, if you need to lift a fragile product or object, then these are the most successful hoists. Now we need to talk about the competitive model.
Lever hoist – advantageous physics of load capacity
This type of hoist is necessary for working with small loads, the weight of which is no more than 5 tons, and it can be raised to a height equal to the height of a person. It all depends on constructive solution. Raising, lowering and moving is carried out using a lever built into the body. The hoist is controlled by an operator located near the device. Such models are good for tensioning cables and lifting loads. Since they are not suitable for a large volume of work, utility services find use for them.
They are necessary when you need to tension cables or install pipes at the bottom of trenches, as well as for installing hatches. With their help, foresters pull out stumps, and industrialists place heavy equipment in workshops. Often their purpose is to lift a load in order to work with it, like this. It can be different renovation work, for example, in car repair shops. To make working with lever hoists easier, they are additionally equipped with special trolleys.
Worm hoists - a compact strongman
In addition to these main types of manual hoists, there are also others. IN Lately Worm worm hoists are often used. To operate, they are hung stationary or a mobile “cat” is used. This is convenient for moving loads horizontally; such hoists can move along I-beams. There are a lot of models of this type of device. They are used for lifting or holding loads in a raised position; they are also suitable for moving. Everything happens along a special suspended track made of I-beam profile.
Their advantage is that work can be performed in small spaces, and the distance between beams and loads can be insignificant. Such hoists can also be used for work outdoors.
They have some features, for example, a rotating casing (and the design can rotate all 360 degrees) allows you to control work from anywhere, that is, you can raise and lower the load in any position. This creates additional safety; during operation, the operator can be located on the side of the hoists and also from the load itself. Also this type The hoists are distinguished by their reliability, wear resistance and low-heating brake. All this makes them quiet and comfortable. And thanks to the low building height, you can work with this equipment in confined spaces in vertical positions.
Homemade manual hoist - a free household assistant
Often you have to carry out repair work at home, and you need to lift tools and materials. If you buy a manual hoist, it is expensive, and often you don’t have time. In this case, you can do it yourself.
Winch – indispensable device, how in household, and in the garage. Lift a roll of roofing felt onto the roof, throw a couple of bags of cement into the second floor window of a private house under construction, pull the engine out of the hood, and drag the broken car itself into the garage... This is an incomplete list of tasks that can easily be done alone with its help.
Drum-type devices for lifting or moving heavy objects differ in the way they transmit torque. From our school physics course we know how the shoulder works. Losing in speed or distance, we gain in strength. The phrase of Archimedes: “Give me a fulcrum, and I will turn the Earth upside down” precisely describes the principle of operation of the winch.
IMPORTANT! When working with such a device, the support points are the body and the place where the winch is attached. Both elements must be reliable.
A manual winch, with the help of an attached shoulder, increases human strength so much that one operator can move cars or lift weights of several hundred kilograms. With the same (from a mechanical point of view) principle of operation, these devices have various ways execution.
Manual drum winch - varieties
A hand winch with a drum is a classic of the genre. In addition to the common element - the pulley on which the cable is wound, the devices have Various types drive.
A large, main gear is firmly attached to the drum. The entire load falls on it, and on the fastening. Therefore, the reliability of the elements must be at the proper level. In mesh with the main one, there is a small driving gear.
The ratio of the number of teeth is the value of the gear ratio. In other words, gain. The drive gear is integral with the drive shaft. Since we are talking about hand tools– a handle for rotation is put on the shaft.
The length of the lever also affects the degree of reinforcement. The larger the handle arm, the less effort you need to apply.
With the help of such devices, you can single-handedly lift several centners of cargo or move a car weighing 2-3 tons. At the same time, the rotation speed of the drum is quite high.
The design consists of two or more pairs of gears, each of which has a gain of tens of times. With sequential engagement, these coefficients add up, multiplying the force.
back side medals – proportional reduction in speed. Having such a winch, you can slowly vertically lift loads of more than a ton, but if you have to work with two bags of cement, the lifting time will stretch for tens of minutes.
Homemade winch (telpher, hoist). How to do lifting mechanism for garage, workshop, construction site.
Many home craftsmen would like to have some kind of lifting mechanism, such as a hoist, hoist or winch, in their garage or workshop. Of course, you can buy them ready-made, but they are usually not very cheap - several thousand rubles. And they are not often on sale. Automotive rescue lever winches available in almost any store cannot be used for lifting loads. Because their stoppers are made using a ratcheting mechanism. But it only works well in one direction. It is easy to lift a load with such a winch. But lowering it smoothly is problematic. When independently manufacturing hoists or winches, the master is faced with the problem of where to get a powerful, reliable gearbox (with a gear ratio of at least 1:20 - 50) and always with a self-braking effect. As a rule, these are powerful worm gearboxes and they don’t often fall into the hands of a master.
Meanwhile, almost anyone can make a homemade winch or hoist, and, as they say, from scrap materials. Threaded rods up to 2 meters long are available for sale. And it can serve as an excellent gearbox for a homemade lifting mechanism.
The design of such a winch is clear from the sketches. The principle of operation of the winch is simple. If you rotate the threaded rod itself, and the nut on this stud is not allowed to rotate, then the nut will move along the stud. The force during this movement is much greater than that required to rotate the pin (all screw jacks work on the same principle, the increase in force there reaches 20-30 times the magnitude).
The ends of the stud are fixed in bearings, which in turn are installed in supports. A stud nut is a rectangular metal plate to which regular nuts are welded. The plate prevents the nuts from turning. A cable is also attached to the plate. The cable is passed through one of the supports and thrown over the block. At the other end of the cable is a lifting hook or sling system (this depends on the purpose of the lifting winch).
The pin drive is easiest done manually. To do this, a pulley or gear is attached to one of its ends. (you can, for example, even use a bicycle). A strong cord or chain is thrown through a pulley or gear in an endless loop. If you pull on one side or the other of the cord, the pin will rotate and the nut will move along the pin. Accordingly, there will be a cable behind you, and the load will either fall or rise. The self-braking of the mechanism is absolute; no force on the nut will force the pin to rotate. Most likely, the whole thread will break off.
Of course, you can also make an electric drive using any reversible electric motor with a power of 200-500 W. It is convenient to use, for example, some inexpensive electric drill with a rotation direction switch. Nowadays there are many such drills available for sale. The electric drive can be made either directly or through an additional pulley or flexible shaft.
Such a homemade winch can lift a weight of several hundred kilograms. In most cases this is sufficient for household needs. The length of the stud, or rather the ability to move the nut along it, determines the lifting height (in the simplest version of this homemade telpher). If you take a hairpin 2 meters long, then this height will be approximately 170-180 cm, which in the vast majority of cases is more than enough for a home workshop or garage. However, it is not difficult to increase the lifting height using simple techniques.
The support (base) for such a winch can be made from durable dry wooden beam or thick board. Although of course it is better to use metallic profile or channel. All connections are made by checking or using bolts. It all depends on the purpose and capabilities of the master. It is not difficult to organize the movement of this hoist under the ceiling. For example, using some kind of T-beam placed in the center of the workshop. And install the caliper itself on the beam so that it can rotate around its center. Then almost any point in the garage or workshop will be accessible. A similar result can, of course, be achieved with the help of various blocks, it would be possible to attach it to something. Of course, the floor beams of the building must also be designed for additional load.
Based on similar homemade winches, you can make a homemade one crane. This will require at least two of these winches. It is most convenient to place them in the crane boom. One of the winches will lift the boom itself (change its angle of inclination), and the second will lift the load itself. Of course, you shouldn’t forget about the counterweight.
Simplicity and accessibility homemade winch opens up a wide enough scope for its use in a home workshop, garage or construction site.
Konstantin Timoshenko