Economic policy Margaret Thatcher.

Introduction one

Historiography. 2.

The economic development of the United Kingdom in the 70s - 90s. XX century. four

The origins of the economic policy Margaret Thatcher. four

Economic reforms Margaret Thatcher. 6.

The theory of monetarism. 6.

The actions of the government M. Tatcher in the field of economics. 7.

Completion of Margaret Tatcher as Prime Minister of Great Britain. 13

The historical role of economic policy Margaret Thatcher. fifteen

Conclusion. nineteen

Literature. twenty

Introduction

Margaret Thatcher (r. 1925) - British Prime Minister in 1979 - 1990. It is rightfully considered one of the political leaders of the century. In many ways, she was superior to their famous male colleagues, legends went about her enormous performance, almost 12 years old voters trusted her the highest post in the country.

Relevance of the topic.

Margaret Thatcher came to power in 1979 on the wave of dissatisfaction of the British ineffective policy of the Laborians in the 70s. The economic situation of Great Britain was disastrous. Norman Stone, a close adviser to Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s, writes: "The brightest symbol of that epoch was a heap of garbage on the streets of the country's largest cities around which hungry rats were again. We come from Europe, especially from Germany, it seemed that they got into some country of the Third World ... That was the sad finale of the post-war era. " By 1990, the Great Britain's situation improved significantly. Stone talks about it like this: "The country has demonstrated such an ability to self-forward, which surprised the British themselves." The role of Margaret Thatcher in this amazing revival is difficult to overestimate. Her ideas and persistent embodiment of them helped the UK to get out of the crisis and solve many problematic issues.

IN modern worldEspecially in Russia, the issue of managing the state in the conditions of an acute economic crisis has remained relevant. The study of world experience, the analysis of various models of economic development with a general trend towards the globalization of the economy seems a necessary condition for the promotion of successful economic policy in the state. From this point of view, the path of development of the economy proposed by Margaret Thatcher cannot not attract attention.

Purpose This work is to analyze the main features of the economic policy Margaret Thatcher in their historical context.

To achieve this goal, we delivered the following tasks:

§ Analyze the main changes in the UK economy produced by Margaret Thatcher;

§ Consider specific results of its activities;

§ to consider how the activity of Margaret Thatcher was rated in a historical aspect.

Historiography.

Margaret Thatcher left a deep mark in British and world history. Numerous studies are devoted to the actual Tetcherism as a political and historical phenomenon, as well as its individual manifestations in inside and foreign policy spheres. The development of this topic is devoted to the work of both British and domestic researchers, among which the leading place occupies research S. P. Pergeudov, K. S. Gajiyev, S. Madzoevsky, D. Marsha and R. Roads, S. Pintera, D. Rigan , P. SENKER, etc. Interesting data published by witnesses of historical events - personally met with M. Tatcher of the Russian diplomat V. I. Popov and the American journalist Chris Ogden. Finally, it is impossible not to mention the book by Margaret Thatcher "Art of Management State. Strategies for the changing world, "reaffirming her views as a conservative hasty. Let us dwell on the books that were the main sources of this work.

In the work of S. P. Reudova "Thatcher and Tetcherism" (M., 1996) there is an image of an outstanding personality M. Tatcher, and an analysis of the phenomenon of "Tetcherism", the fundamental element of which was the right conservatism of the traditionalist sense. Perud emphasizes that this political model has developed even before the coming by Thatcher to power, but only the "iron lady" was able to begin its implementation. According to the source, the strength of British conservatism, as well as the British political system, is that they generate leaders of this type as Thatcher, which, if necessary, also appeal to unconventional methods that can ensure further development and strengthening of British traditions.

In the book Margaret Thatcher "The Art of State Management. Strategies for the changing world "can be distinguished by four large blocks of questions. Firstly, this is summarizing the outstanding era - reflections on the lessons of the Cold War, the past and current role of the United States. Secondly, the evaluation of Russia, China, India and the countries of the Far and Middle East. Thirdly, the threats that are unstable in the Balkans for the world, the state-of-man, Islamic extremism and international terrorism, as well as strategies to resist them. And finally, the process of integration in Europe, which makes the danger of imperceptible expansion of the authorities of international institutions to the detriment of the independence of national states. The system of views, which are presented and consistently defended in the book, Margaret Thatcher itself concisely calls "conservatism".

Chris Odden in the book "Margaret Thatcher. Woman in power: Portrait of a man and politics "(M., 1992) describes a biography of Thatcher in detail, trying to explain its striving for politics, the worldview and the nature of the traditions in its family, the political and economic situation in England and others, seemingly completely random , factors. The main task of the author is to tell about Margaret Thatcher not as a severe policy, but as about ordinary womanwho managed to overcome many difficulties, seeking to create an image of a strong, volitional woman who hides their problems, excitement and fears under the mask of the Almighty, Fair and Running Always Only Forward "Iron Lady". The source tells about the personal life of Thatcher, its children's years and hidden from extraneous emotions.

I., a prominent Russian diplomat, formerly a number of years in the Ambassador of the USSR in England, used personal meetings and conversations with M. Thatcher in London and Moscow, as well as Memoirs published recently in England for writing the book "Margaret Thatcher: Man and Politician. View of the Soviet diplomat "(M., 2000). The source describes in detail the identity of the Iron Lady and the events accompanying it on the political arena. Analyzing the economic situation of Great Britain and his change in Margaret Thatcher, the author uses statistical data. These data indicate that the stereotype of "the destruction of the social sphere" at Thatcher does not quite correspond to reality. At Thatcher, the pension increased, the incomes of the British working, significantly increased the number of owners of the housing and the number of shareholders. However, the author demonstrates the inflexibility of the Tatcher's policy, its intentions to bring everything to the intended completion, without satisfying the semi-dimensions and compromises.

The economic development of the United Kingdom in the 70s - 90s. XX century

The origins of the economic policy Margaret Thatcher

The XX century is the time of historical events that took place in individual countries and seized entire continents that influenced the whole world. Humanity turned out to be in the face of global political and economic processes, uplings and crises and was looking for new ways to solve previously unknown problems. One such problem was the economic crisis of 1974-1975. In the total circuit of cyclic overproduction crises, this has a special place. He coincided with a surge inflation, which led to breaking the established structure of domestic prices, made it difficult to get a loan, slowed down the exit from the crisis. All this was the energy crisis, which led to a violation of traditional ties in the world market, complicating the normal course of export-import operations, destabilized the entire scope of financial and credit relations. The rapid increase in oil prices stimulated changes in the sectoral structure of the economy. The powerful impulse received the development of new energy-saving technologies.

As a result of the violation of the international currency exchange and an increasing inconsistency of the principles of the Bretton Western currency system, its basics were set. Already at the turn of the 60s - 70s, the purchasing power of the dollar was noticeably declined. In the Western Community began to quickly increase distrust of the dollar as the main settlement tool. In 1972-1973 The US government twice performed the devaluation of the dollar. In March 1973, in Paris, the leading countries of the West and Japan signed an agreement on the introduction of "floating" currency courses, and in 1976 the IMF overturned the official price for gold. Only in the second half of the 1980s managed to work out more or less arrangement of the West countries the formula of relations in this area.

The economic problems of the 70s became particularly relevant against the background of the increasingly ramp and acquired the features of the permanent process of the Scientific and Technical Revolution (HTR). The main content of this new phase of the NTR development was the mass computerization of production, the introduction of computers to the most different spheres of production and management. This gave impetus to the beginning of the complex process of structural restructuring of the economy and the gradual transition of the entire Western civilization into a new phase, which was dubbed "post-industrial" or "informational" society. Development of automation, computer science and their distribution on all areas economic activity I suppose if mediated, but from this not becoming less significant impact on all directions of the evolution of human civilization. First of all, the processes of internationalization of all economic life were noticeably accelerated. The giant concentration in the production and financial sphere, characteristic of the entire XX century, at this time carried out a high-quality leap: Transnational Corporations (TNCs) began to determine the face of the Western economy. In the first half of the 80s, 60% of foreign trade and 80% of the development in the field of new technologies had already accounted for. TNK every day, more and more realize the role of the foundation of the entire economic life of the West.

Economic crisis 1974-1975. Played an important role in the deep transformation of the economy of the West. It was a very painful process, especially at the first stage (second half of the 70s), accompanied by large social costs: an increase in unemployment, an increase in the cost of life, an increase in the number of people escaped by these changes from the usual life track, etc. in 80- E years restructuring began to bring return, especially in the USA, England, Germany. The introduction of the latest technologies contributed to a significant jump in improving labor productivity. New conditions required fresh conceptual solutions regarding the development of adequate needs of the day of the methods of regulating socio-economic processes. The former Keynesian method of solving these problems has ceased to arrange the ruling elite of the leading countries of the West. Traditional Keynesian recipes concluded in the growth of government spending, reducing taxes and reduce costs, gave rise to permanent inflation and an increasingly increasing budget deficit. The criticism of Keynesianism in the mid-70s acquired a frontal character. The new conservative concept of the regulation of the economy was gradually developed, the most striking representative of which was at the political level and became M. Tatcher.

The origins of I. general characteristics Neoconservative views Margaret Thatcher

As is well known, the widespread and development of neoconservatism ideas in the second half of the last century occurred in the United States of America. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the characteristics of the political organization and activity in other foreign countries make it possible to conclude that the spread of neoconservatism was out of the limits of American borders.

In particular, among the most famous supporters of the relevant ideas, it is customary to call the seventy-first Prime Minister of Great Britain Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990). Political career M. Thatcher consists of many years of history: so, in the mid-1950s. Thatcher began to attempt to fight for a place in parliament, as a result she won during a severe election campaign, became a member of the House of Commons in 1958 (and maintaining this place until 1992).

In the early 1970s M. Thatcher took the position of Minister of Enlightenment and Science United Kingdom. Already then, neoconservative preferences M. Thatcher began to manifest itself, related to the desire to reduce excessively wide social support provided by the state by sending released money to the implementation of truly important tasks.

Example 1.

So, in the first months of replacing the post of Minister M. Thatcher attracted the attention of the public attempted to reduce state expenditures in the relevant field, prevailing the priority to academic needs educational institutions And cutting the costs of the state education system. As a result, in particular, the practice of free issuance of milk by British schoolchildren aged from seven to eleven years was discontinued.

From 1975 In the context of reducing the authority of the Conservative Party in the Great Britain Parliament, M. Thatcher attempted to conduct internal transformations, defeating the position of the head of the conservative practice of its main opponents - from now on before the election in 1979, to the post of Prime Minister M. Tatcher officially He was recognized as the leader of the opposition movement in the UK.

Economic transformations M. Tatcher

As noted above, the support of neoconservative views M. Thatcher became apparent from the moment she came to power to the post of Minister of Enlightenment and Science. In this regard, the employment of the post of Prime Minister, actually speaking in the context of the British political system of the head of state, marked the conduct of large-scale socio-political and economic transformations in the country.

Thus, among the main events carried out by M. Thatcher after the employment of the post of Prime Minister, in the economic sphere may be called:

• A significant change was subjected to the UK tax system, within the framework of which there was a progressive reduction in the values \u200b\u200bof direct taxes on citizens' income in proportion to increasing indirect taxes (primarily VAT);
• Realizing the need to reduce the rates of inflation and reducing the amount of money supply, under the threat of the onset of crisis phenomena in the economy, it was decided to increase the accounting rate (analogue of the modern Russian key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation);
• In addition, in the context of the budget deficit of the budget deficit, in the time of coming to power, it was forced to take frankly unpopular measures, the opinion on the feasibility of which is divided within the framework of neoconservative ideology - reducing the volume of budget financing of state-owned enterprises, reducing the costs of the social sphere, including Such social and significant areas as education and housing and communal services.

Note 1.

Conducting an indicated policy aimed at reducing the budget financing of education in the UK negatively affected by the most Prime Minister M. Thatcher - she for the first time in the post-war years, after graduating from Oxford University and taking the position of Prime Minister did not receive the status of the University of Honorary Dr., on what not Only students, but also voted the University Management Board.

Labor reforms carried out by the M. Tatcher administration

The hard domestic course, dictated by neoconservative views of M. Thatcher, and elected by it and its administration after coming to power, influenced the most diverse spheres of domestic and foreign policy life.

In particular, it seems appropriate to pay attention to the fact that along with the tightening of regulation in the tax and economic spheres, certain transformations occurred in the field of labor. In particular, during its leadership, M. Thatcher conducted an active struggle with the extremely expressed influence of trade unions, which, according to Thatcher itself, had a negative impact on the parliamentary democracy and the economy of the UK, in view of the provoking of them regular strikes.

Specific activities in the field of tightening trade unions in the UK during the leadership of M. Tatcher may be called: the adoption of laws on the ban on forced joining the trade union, about the prohibition of the so-called "Solidarity strikes", was developed and approved on the generally binding level of the preliminary rule Prevention of employers about the start of the strike and compulsory secret ballot for making a final decision to initiate strike.

An analysis of the presented activities in the labor sphere is obviously demonstrating the desire of M. Thatcher to minimize the number of frequent strikes. At the same time, M. Thatcher itself convinced British in the fact that the relevant measures would contribute to improving the democraticness of the organization and activities of trade unions.

The coming to power in 1979 M. Thatcher marked the economic program completely new to England, based on the neoconservative concept, characteristic of state regulation in developed countries. The government made a bid for free entrepreneurship, personal initiative, individualism and refusal of hard state regulation of the economy. The basis of reforming the methods of state regulation of the economy was ideas of economic liberalism, free entrepreneurship, personal initiative to reduce the regulatory function of the state and strengthening the importance of market mechanisms.

An important direction of economic policy M. Thatcher was denationalization. For the economy of England, a high degree of nationalization was characterized. State enterprises were produced in 1979 10% of GDP. The lack of competition in the public sector or the risk of bankruptcy has not stimulated the growth of production efficiency.

The government has begun to carry out large-scale denationalization of state-owned enterprises. Private firms sold rich oil fields, production factories radioactive isotopes, National company for the transport of goods, coal mines, telecommunications and enterprises of the gas, steelth, electricity industry. For the period 1984-1987. 1/3 of state ownership in industry was privatized. Privatization led to the fact that the number of shares holders has significantly increased and in the number of shareholders of the United Kingdom ranked second in the world.

The changes affected the remaining state-owned companies. Simultaneously with the provision of greater economic independence, these enterprises have become completely autonomous financially. Such companies were no longer in the field of artificial favorable climate, the prices were fully determined by the market environment. The share of state investment in the English economy has sharply decreased. In the early 90s. It accounted for only 25% against 50% characteristic of the preceding period.

A certain place in the process of privatization was held by the privatization of housing, which was rented by local authorities. The content of such houses increased the costs of local budgets, and a law was adopted to which local authorities could sell houses at preferential prices to tenants.

An important direction of the economic policy M. Tatcher was the development of small and medium-sized businesses, an increase in its economic independence. Small and middle business became a new force in the economic structure of Great Britain. Small and medium well-equipped firms could quickly and flexibly respond to changing the market situation unlike large corporations. In addition, this part of the enterprises successfully complemented production on major associations, often working on their orders.

The main fate of the budget and tax policy was to reduce government spending. The number of government officials and general level Content costs state apparatus. The constituent element of reducing government spending was to reduce budget expenditures for social goals and strict control over the level of wages.

As a result of the change in the tax legislation, the income tax rate has been reduced and has increased tax benefits to private businesses. The income tax rate of the largest corporation was consistently reduced at first up to 50%, and then up to 35%. Contributions of entrepreneurs in the funds were canceled social insurance on occupied labor. Simultaneously intensified indirect taxation. The value-added tax rate has increased (from 8 to 15%), which has been treated with a wide range of essential goods, as well as household services and medical care. The proportion of indirect taxes in budget revenues has grown from 34% in 1979 to 39% in 1981

Anti-inflation policy was implemented on the basis of a reduction in loans provided by the state to the private sector, control the growth rate of the money supply, increase the interest rate, reduce the number of state apparatus.

The reforms of this period were affected by foreign economic activity. In 1980, all the restrictions on the export of capital were canceled. In the early 80s. The average annual size of foreign economic investments of private capital amounted to an average of 35 billion f. Art. The bulk of English capital was exported to developed industrial countries. At the same time, foreign capital investments in the British economy were encouraged.

Much attention was paid to rationalization of production. Technical reconstruction and modernization of electrical engineering, textile industry and a number of other industries were implemented. Most of the investment was sent to the replacement and modernization of equipment, the introduction of new energy and resource-saving technologies. The greatest increase in investment was in the automotive industry, in the chemical, printing and pulp and paper industry. At the same time, a high level of R & D spending in the military field remained.

Employment growth in the economy led to a decrease in unemployment. If in 1987, 9.8% of the workforce was without work, then in 1989 - 6.8%. To reduce the number of unemployed, a program of professional learning was developed. Its implementation made it possible to retraining and further employment of about 600 thousand people.

An important element of economic growth was the consumer demand of the population and private investment, the positive dynamics of which was associated with an increase in loan availability. As a result, both consumer spending population increased, especially for long-term consumer goods and the scale of private capital investments, the greatest increase in which took place in the automotive industry, pulp and paper and printing industries.

As a result of the economic policy of economic growth in the 80s. Average 3-4% per year, which exceeded similar indicators in other countries. The increase in labor productivity on average was 2.5% per year, yielding only Japan. Caidalotud has increased and characterizing the efficiency of the use of fixed capital. England was the only of developed countries except Japan, where this figure had a positive dynamics compared to the 1970s. Inflation rates decreased from 16% in 1980 to 4% in 1983

Margaret Thatcher, settled out of the British Economic Downturn - such a task, settled at Downing Street in May 1979, at the end of the sad decade, when three-day inflation was more than 25%, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) issued a country a package of financial assistance . During the reign, Tatcher UK as if recovered and entered in the 90s with a new reputation of strong economic System. The country has become more productive, competitive and profitable, and long-lasting reforms of the 80s laid the way for a long 16-year-old boom, which occurred between 1992 and 2008.

Despite this, for unfriendliers The former Prime Minister of Great Britain will forever remain those who destroyed more than 15% of the British industry with her dogmatic monetarism, missed the opportunity to engage in the development of oil at the bottom of the North Sea, made the country unbalanced and strengthened inequality in it, writes The Guardian.

Truth lies somewhere between These extremes. Thatcher came to power, when in the Great Britain's economy after three decades of the game in the poor relative of the Western countries almost abused the readiness for the turning point. If Jin Callagan was able to get around Thatcher in 1979, he would also have to face the problem of economic modernization: the state suffered from a high level of inflation, weak control mechanisms and poor relations between entrepreneurs and workers.

Of course, many strategic Changes that Tatcher usually are attributed to, have already been made by its predecessor. For example, there was no complete employment in 1976. Also, contrary to myth, Tetcherism was not fully formed in May 1979. The ideas of privatization in the election campaign have not yet appeared, and the trade union reform spoke only after the winter, but even then this issue was secondary.

However, by the middle The 1980s became clear that the economic policy of the conservative government was based on several basic principles. First, the main goal of the macroeconomic strategy was to control inflation, and not the desire for full employment. The task of the government was to maintain inflation low, and not raise growth through an increase in demand.

Secondly, the balance of powerin relations between entrepreneurs and workers, it was resolutely shifted towards employers. Between 1980 and 1984, three legislative acts were adopted, which, among other things, tightened strike laws. The symbolic and key point was the defeat of miners after the annual strike in March 1985.

Third, Industrial Policyit was almost forgotten. The state has retained control over some nationalized industry industries - for example, over railways - but British Airways, British Steel, British Gas and British Airports Authority were among the largest sales companies.

Thatcher did not believe in the "selection of winners", instead, she chose to rely on market forces that suggest natural selection among the strongest. According to her strategy, the United Kingdom should have been sold to Japanese autoconts, and the central attention is to shift from production to financial services.

Fourth politics It was aimed at those who, according to the Prime Minister, wanted to succeed in life. Thatcher significantly reduced taxes for the rich, believing that it should stimulate business development. In addition, the tax rate decreased for ordinary Britons. For example, in 1988, the highest tax rate decreased from 60% to 40%, and the standard bet - from 27% to 25%. Advertising campaigns who called British to buy shares in privatized companies should only be increased the attractiveness of capitalism.

In a narrow sense, the economic revolution Thatcher was successful. The prolonged decline in the British economy was finally stopped, although to a greater degree of Britain is obliged to this slowdown in Germany and France, and not its own acceleration. The number of working days, which usually disappeared due to workers' strikes, declined sharply.

On the other hand, The growth was depressed, because with a high rate of inflation, weak trade unions could no longer guarantee the increase in wages, and the government account was divided from tax benefits and subsidies for housing (the account growth was caused by the reform of the labor market and the sale of municipal housing in the 1980s).

Margaret Thatcher for the first time in the British history of the current century was able to interrupt the fluctuations in the traditional bipartisan pendulum of finding conservatives and laborists. At the post of prime minister, she was a total of 11 years. These years were not easy in the life of Great Britain. The country managed to get out of a rather dangerous socio-economic crisis, when England was called the "sick person of Europe", strengthen its position among the most developed states of the capitalist world. The international authority of Great Britain has grown, its role in global affairs has increased.

In British political life, the term "Tetcherism" was firmly established. This term characterizes certain political, ideological and moral installations, which conducted or tried to implement Margaret Thatcher, as well as its specific style of management.

The political philosophy of sochryism is not essential. Its base make up several elements. This is an apologetics of free entrepreneurship, personal initiative. The main incentive at the same time Thatcher considers direct material benefit, the desire to "arrange life as best for himself and his family." According to her statements, it is thereby "appeals for the better, which is laid in the nature of man."

The question of the motivation of human activity is one of the central in the philosophy of Tetcherism. "There is nothing bad to create a wealth, worthy of condemnation only passion for money for money," says Tatcher L. V. Kaminskaya, "Margaret Thatcher: the essence of politicians", Publishing House "Republic", Moscow, 1996, page . 94. Her philosophy is frankly anti-magalitarian. "The pursuit of equality is a mirage. The possibilities do not mean anything, if they are not worth the right to inequality, freedom to stand out from all "L. V. Kaminskaya," Margaret Thatcher: the essence of politicians ", Publisher" Republic ", Moscow, 1996, p. 95.

Protection of free entrepreneurship, calls for the liberation of the individual from the Put "State Bureaucracy" in controversy with British Laborists as part of the overall strategy of the offensive for socialism. "The state should not dominate the life of people, should not penetrate all its aspects, replacing personal responsibility," L. P. Kravchenko, "Who is in the world of politicians", Polystyzdat Publishing House, Moscow, 1990, page . 67.

To understand the worldview, Tatcher, it is necessary, as it seems to keep in mind that she herself, unlike most of its predecessors, does not belong to the British establishment. She is a seven of a small bourgeoisie. This largely explains the fact that an important element The concepts of Tetcherism became proclaimed by it "Return to Victorian Moral Values": respect for family and religion, law and order, thrift, accuracy, hard work, primacy of personal rights.

Thatcher quite accurately caught the mood of certain layers of society advocated that the "strong personality" standing at the head of the country, which could return to Britain's former greatness and to bring the "proper order" in the country. It is characteristic, for example, that in the sphere of social morality, the strengthening of the law and the order, Tatcher not only did not weaken the role of the state, but also significantly increased it. During her stay, several new important laws were adopted to expand the powers of vessels and the police, and immigration legislation tightened.

The base of the Tetcherian economic course was the monetarist concept that gives priority to a decrease in inflation by consolidating the growth of the money supply and its release in such a volume that would be directly dependent on the release of products and the rate of interest. Credit-monetary regulation is the main lever of the impact on the economic conjuncture. The Tatcher government consistently carried out the tax system restructuring. Reducing taxation, by its plan, should encourage business activity, increase capital turnover.

Margaret Thatcher vigorously and resolutely broke the system of state corporations in the country. The privatization of the common sector is one of the main elements by the restructuring of the economy. In conversations, including with our economists, she repeatedly noted the inflexibility of state-owned enterprises, their late response to the ever-changing market needs. Since these enterprises, she said, consist of satisfaction with the state, they have no need to take care of survival. At the same time, Thatcher has repeatedly spoken about the fact that the important task of the government is the creation of the most favorable conditions for a private business, which is entitled to achieve increasing profits, subject to full responsibility for the results of its own activities. The peculiarity of the Tetcher's privatization option is a wide sale of shares with small owners. Such a line, she noted, it allows you to attach to the philosophy of ownership of the mass of ordinary English, and, it means that in political terms - to strengthen the base of the support of the conservatives.

But all this does not mean that the policy of Thatcher and its governments did not come across significant difficulties. For example, in the social area, the creation of market competition in the field of health care, the tendency to divide society on the people of the "first" and "second" variety was clearly seen in education reforms. It was in these issues that Tatcher moved the face of admissible in social maneuvering. British voters turned out to be unprepared by the restructuring of the Company on the principle "every for themselves." This was reflected in the processes, ultimately, who forced Tatcher to fold with themselves leadership in the party. Of course, it is necessary to take into account the stiffness of the Tatcher line in solving budgetary issues in the European Union, which put London at risk of isolation in the community. It caused a real riot in the ranks of his party, objecting to the complete participation of the UK in the European monetary system (planned to introduce a common currency throughout Europe). Methods for solving issues in the government gave the basis to interpret the Style Thatcher as authoritarian, as a departure from the "Art of British Classical Diplomacy".