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Signatures for slides:
Jazz in the new light of the Motherland Jazz © Shevaldina S.A [Email Protected]
Jazz Musical Culture Africans European Musical Culture Roots Jazz - Music Folklore Brought to America Negroes
Spirichel - Songs of North American Negroes of Religious Content. They were sang by a slave with plantations, imitating spiritual anthem of white migrants to America. Spirichuel had a noticeable impact on the development of Spirichel jazz art
The Genre of Spirichel is the spiritual chants of slaves in the USA - arose as a result of the appeal of blacks in the Christian faith. For this, anthem and psalms were used, brought to America with white migrants and missionaries.
Blues-folk song of American blacks with a sad, sad tint. Blues sang accompanied by banjo or blues guitar
"" Blues have always impressed impressively sad music, much more sad than Spirichel. This is because in blues bitterness is not softened by tears, but, on the contrary, it is fierced with a laugh - absurd proteger laugh of grief, which is born when there is no faith that you can rely on. L.Khuz
Famous jazz performers: Bessie Smith
Louis Armstrong
Glenn Miller
Duke Ellington Pianist, composer.
Ella Fitzgerald
George Gershvin (1898 - 1937)
Many composers walked around jazz, like cats around a bowl with a hot soup, waiting for it to cool down a little. George Gershvin managed to solve the problem. Like a prince from a famous fairy tale, he took Cinderella to his hand and proclaimed her princess, despite the mad anger of her envious sisters ... Explorer Creativity Gershwin Classic traditions of music jazz traditions of music Symfrojaz
Loved jazz tools: piano pipe clarinet guitar vocals Saxophone Trombone
First in the RSFSR Eccentric Orchestra Jazz-gang Valentina Parnach
In our country in 1929, Leonid Rockov created his jazz orchestra "Tea-Jazz". Leonid Rockov
Do you know jazz? Horizontally: 1. Copper brass instrument 2. American composer of the 20th century 3. An essay of music during its execution 4. The genre of the Negro song, which influenced the development of a jazz style 5. Music style 6. Jazz tool 7. Keyboard vertical tool: 1. Copper Heavy Tool 8. Negro Religious Song 10. Great Negro Singer and Trumpeter 11. Spiritual Tool 12. African String Plug Tool, Widespread In Country Music 8 1
On the topic: Methodical development, presentations and abstracts
"Jazz - Art of the XX century"
The lesson on the topic "Jazz - Art of the XX century" for grade 6 according to the program E.D. Cretan. In this lesson, students get acquainted with the sources of jazz music (Spirichel, Blues), with the style of "jazz"; The history arose ...
Jazz - art of the twentieth century
The lesson for the formation of new knowledge in the framework of the topic "Music Serious and Music Light". The questions of the occurrence of jazz as a genre of musical art are created, the characteristic features of a mukhsky language are identified ...
Jazz (Eng. Jazz) - a form of musical art that arose at the end of the XIX - early XX century in the United States as a result of the synthesis of African and European cultures and later widespread distribution. The characteristic features of the jazz musical language initially became improvisation, polyrhythmia based on syncous rhythms, and a unique complex of receptions of the rhythmic texture - swing. The further development of jazz occurred at the expense of the jazz musicians and composers of new rhythmic and harmonic models.History of development Jazz
Jazz appeared as a combination of several musical cultures and national traditions. Initially, he arrived from African lands. For any African music, a very complex rhythm is characteristic, music is always accompanied by dancing, which are fast feeding and bay. On this basis, at the end of the XIX century, another musical genre of Right has developed. Subsequently, the rhythms of Right in combination with blues elements gave rise to a new musical direction - Jazz.
The origins of jazz are associated with blues. It arose at the end of the XIX century as a merger of African rhythms and European harmony, but the origins should be sought from the moment of the delivery of slaves from Africa to the territory of the New World. Brought slaves were not immigrants from one kind and usually did not even understand each other. The need for consolidation led to the unification of the set of cultures and, as a result, to the creation of a single culture (including musical) African Americans. The processes of mixing the African musical culture, and the European (which also underwent serious changes in the new light) began from the XVIII century and in the XIX century led to the emergence of "Pododigaz", and then jazz in the generally accepted understanding.
The jazz cradle was an American south and above all the new Orleans. Jazz style feature - unique individual execution of virtuoso jazzman. The key to the eternal youth of Jazz is improvisation. After the appearance of a brilliant performer who lived in the rhythm of jazz and still legend, Louis Armstrong still remains, the art of Jazz's execution saw new unusual horizons: vocal or tool execution-solo becomes the center of the entire performance, changing fully ideas about Jazz. Jazz is not only a certain kind of musical performance, but also a unique cheerful era.
^ Distribution of Jazza
Jazz always caused interest among musicians and listeners around the world, regardless of their state affiliation. It is enough to trace the early works of Dizzy Gillespi and his synthesis of jazz traditions with the music of dark-skinned Cubans in the 1940th or later jazz compound with Japanese, Eurasian and Middle Eastern music, known in the work of the Pianist Dave Bruck, as well as the brilliant composer and the leader Jazz - Duke Ellington, combining the musical heritage of Africa, Latin America and the Far East. Jazz constantly absorbed and not only western musical traditions. For example, when different artists began to try working with musical elements of India. An example of these efforts can be heard in the records of the Floor Floor Horn at the Taj Mahal Palace (Taj Mahal), or in the World Music Stream, presented for example in the work of the Oregon group or the John McLaughlin project. In McLaughlin's music, earlier, the new tools of Indian origin began to be used in the period of work with Shakti, the new tools or the table were used, the confused rhythms were combined and the form of Indian Ragi was widely used. The Art Ensemble of Chicago's art ensemble was an early pioneer in the fusion of African and jazz forms. Later, the world recognized the saxophonist / composer John Zorn and his research of Jewish musical culture, both within the Masada orchestra and outside it. These works inspired entire groups of other jazz musicians, such as Keyman John Messe, who made a record with the African musician Salif Keita, Guitarist Mark Ribo and Basist Anthony Colemen. Trubagach Dave Douglas with inspiration introduces Balkan motifs to his music, while the Asian American Jazz Orchestra (Asian-American Jazz Orchestra) appeared as a lead supporter of the convergence of jazz and Asian musical forms. Since the globalization of the world continues, in Jazz constantly felt the impact of other musical traditions, providing mature food for future research and proving that jazz is really world music.
^ Jazz in the USSR and Russia
Jazz-scene is born in the USSR in the 20s at the same time with its flourishing in the United States. The first jazz orchestra in Soviet Russia was established in Moscow in 1922 by the poet, the translator, the dancer, the theater worker Valentin Parnah and wore the name "First in the RSFSR Eccentric Orchestra Jazz-band Valentina Parnach". The birth of domestic jazz is traditionally considered to be on October 1, 1922 of the year, when the first concert of this team took place. The first professional jazz composition, speaking in the radio and recorded record, is considered an orchestra of a pianist and composer Alexander Thasman (Moscow). Early Soviet jazz gangs specialized in the performance of fashionable dances (Foxtrot, Charleston).
In the mass consciousness, Jazz began to acquire wide popularity in the 30th, largely due to the Leningrad ensemble under the leadership of the actor and singer Leonid Utesov and the Trubach Ya. B. Skomorovsky. Popular Kininomedy with his participation "Funny Guys" (1934) was devoted to the history of the Jazz Musician and had a corresponding soundtrack (written by Isaac Dunaevsky). Rodsov and Scromorovsky formed the original style "Tea-Jazz" (theatrical jazz), based on a mixture of music with the theater, operetta, the vocal number and element of the presentation played a major role in it.
Eddi Rinner is a noticeable contribution to the development of Soviet Jazz, the musician and the head of the orchestras. Having started his career in Germany, Poland and other European countries, Rosner moved to the USSR and became one of the swing pioneers in the USSR and the namoor of the Belarusian jazz. The Moscow teams of the 30s and 40s were also an important role in popularizing and mastering the swing style., Whom Alexander Tsfasman managed and Alexander Varlamov. Jazz-Orchestra of the All-Union Radio P / U A. Varlamova took part in the first Soviet TV shows. The only composition preserved since then, turned out to be an Oleg Lundstrem orchestra. This widely known now Big Band belonged to the number of few and best jazz ensembles of the Russian Diaspora, speaking in 1935-1947. in China.
The attitude of the Soviet authorities to Jazz was ambiguous: domestic jazz performers, as a rule, did not prohibit, but the hard critic of jazz was spread as such, in the context of the criticism of Western culture as a whole. In the late 40s, during the fight against cosmopolitanism, Jazz in the USSR experienced a particularly difficult period when collectives that perform "Western" music were persecuted. With the beginning of the "thaw" repression against musicians were discontinued, but criticism continued.
According to studies of the professor of history and American culture Penny Van Eschechen, US Department Department tried to use jazz as ideological weapons against the USSR and against the expansion of the Soviet influence on the third world countries.
In the 50s and 60s. In Moscow, the orchestra of Eddie Radin and Oleg Lundstrema resumed their activities, new compositions have emerged, among which the orchestras of Joseph Weinstein (Leningrad) and Vadima Ludwikovsky (Moscow) were distinguished, as well as the Riga Orchestra (REO). Big Bennda brought up a whole pleiad of talented arrangers and improviser soloists whose creativity brought the Soviet jazz to a qualitatively new level and brought to world samples. Among them, Georgy Garanyan, Boris Frumkin, Alexey Teeth, Vitaly Dolgov, Igor Kantyukov, Nikolai Kapustin, Boris Matveyev, Konstantin Nosov, Boris Rychkov, Konstantin Baholdin. The development of chamber and club jazz begins in all the variety of his stylistics (Vyacheslav Hagnelin, David Goloshchekin, Gennady Holstein, Nikolay Ground, Vladimir Daniline, Alexey Kozlov, Roman Kunsman, Nikolay Levinovsky, Hermann Lukyanov, Alexander Pirikistov, Alexey Kuznetsov, Victor Friedman, Andrei Tovmasyan , Igor Brill, Leonid Chizhik, etc.) Many of the above-mentioned Matters of Soviet Jazz began their creative path on the scene of the legendary Moscow jazz club "Blue Bird", which has existed since 1964 to 2009, opening new names of the modern generation of the stars of domestic jazz (Alexander Brothers and Dmitry Brill, Anna Buturlin, Yakov Okun, Roman Miroshnichenko and others).
In the 70s, a jazz trio "Hanelin-Tarasov-Chekasin" (GTCH) was widely fame as part of Pianist Vyacheslav Gonelyin, Vladimir Tarasova drummer and Saxophonist Vladimir Chekasin, who existed until 1986.
In the 70s and 80s, such groups as a jazz quartet from Azerbaijan "Gaya", the State Pattern Orchestra of Armenia under the control of Konstantin Orbel, Georgian vocal instrumental ensembles "Orera" and "Jazz-Choral"
The first book about Jazz in the USSR reached in the Leningrad Publishing House Academia in 1926. She was compiled by the musicologist Seed Ginzburg from the translations of the articles of Western composers and musical critics, as well as their own materials, and was called "Jazz Band and Modern Music".
The next book about Jazz came out in the USSR only in the early 1960s. She was written by Valery Mesovsky and Vladimir Fejtag, called "Jazz" and was essentially a compilation of information that could be obtained from various sources at that time. Since that time, work began on the first encyclopedia of jazz in Russian, which was managed only in 2001 in the St. Petersburg publishing house "Scythia". Encyclopedia "Jazz. XX century. The Encyclopedic Directory "was prepared by one of the most authoritative jazz critics by Vladimir Fejtag, there were more than a thousand names of jazz personalities and was unanimously recognized by the main Russian-speaking book about Jazz. In 2008, he saw the second edition of the encyclopedia "Jazz. Encyclopedic Directory, "where a jazz history was held before the XXI century, hundreds of rarest photographs were added, and the list of jazz names was increased by almost a quarter.
In 2009, the representative of the authors headed by the same V. Fairtag was prepared and published the first Russian short encyclopedic reference book "Jazz in Russia" - the only one to date the full meeting of the jazz Russian and Soviet history of jazz in the printed form - personalities, orchestras, musicians, Journalists, festivals and educational institutions.
After the recession of interest in Jazz in the 90s, he again began to gain popularity in youth culture. In Moscow, festivals of jazz music are held annually, such as "Manor Jazz" and "Jazz in the Hermitage Garden". The most popular jazz club playground in Moscow is the Jazz Club "Union of Composers", inviting world-famous jazz and blues performers.
^ Jazz in the modern world
Today's world of music is just as diverse as the climate and geography that we learn through travels. And yet, today we are watching a mixture of an increasing number of world cultures that constantly bringing us to the fact that in essence is already becoming "world music" (World Music). Today jazz no longer may not be influenced by sounds penetrating it from almost any corner of the globe. European experimentalism with a classic subtext continues to influence the music of young pioneers, such as Ken Vandermark, a Frianzazvaya avant-garde-saxophonist, known to work with such well-known contemporaries as Mats Gustafsson saxophonists, Evan Parker and Peter Britzmann. To other young musicians, more traditional orientation, which continue to search for their own identity, include Jackkey's pianists. Terrasson, Benny Green and Braid Meldo, Saxophonists Joshua Redman and David Sanchez and Drummers Jeff Watts and Billy Stewart.
The old tradition of sounding is rapidly continuing with such artists as Winton Marsalis Trubach, working with a whole team of assistants, both in its own small groups and in the jazz orchestra of the Lincoln Center, which he heads. Under his patronage, Markus Roberts and Eric Reed, Saxophonist WES "Warmdaddy" Enderson, Trubacch Markus Proppect and Vibrafonist Stefan Harris, grew up under his patronage. Basist Dave Holland is also an excellent opener of young talents. Among his many discoveries, artists such as Saxophonist / M-bassist Steve Colemen, Saxophonist Steve Wilson, Vibraphonist Steve Nelson and Drummer Billy Killy. To the number of other great mentors of young talents are also a pianist Chic Coria, and now the deceased - the drummer Elvin Jones and singer Betty Carter.
The potential opportunities for the further development of jazz are currently large enough, since the ways of developing the talent and the means of its expression are unpredictable, multiplied by the intersection of various jazz genres encouraged today. For example, Saxophonist Chris Potter under its own name produces a mainstream release and at the same time participates in recording with another great avant-garde, drummer Paul Motan. Similarly, other jazz legends belonging to various jazz worlds may occur under one banner, as it was for example, with the joint record of Alvina Jones, Saxophonist Dewey Redman and Pianist Cecil Taylor.
Summary of lesson in grade 6
Topic: Jazz - Art 20th century.
Teacher: Zhdanova Svetlana Alekseevna.
School number 98 Barnaul
The purpose of the lesson: To form students an idea of \u200b\u200bjazz, as about one of the modern directions in music.
Tasks:
Educational: Introduce the style of "jazz", the history of this musical direction, with characteristic features of the style, with famous performers of jazz music; Select funds characteristic of jazz.
Developing: expanding the musical horizon of students, the development of musical abilities (intonacin hearing, rhythm, musical memory), the development of communicative skills - the ability to work in the group - in the choir)
Educational: Bring up the aesthetic taste of a thoughtful listener, instilling interest in musical art; To promote the education of the person ready to participate in the dialogue of cultures.
Form of the lesson: Lessue - lecture with presentation elements
Type of lesson - Developing (formation of new knowledge).
Methods: Wonderful (conversation, training dialogue)
Visual (distribution material, slides, tutorial)
ICT (Presentation)
Forms of organization:
Hearing;
Musical and rhythmic movements;
Singing
Funds: Multimedia resources, textbook, Didactic distribution material.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment
Entrance of students under the song Louis Armstrong "Hello, Dolly"
Teacher: Guys, we entered the class today under a few unusual music for you, what?
Pupils. This is jazz.
(Slide №1, 2.)
Teacher. Yes, it is jazz. Jazz Multidiglik, Jazz history, part of the history of the twentieth century.
Teacher . We listened to music performed by one of the talented representatives of Jazz - Louis Armstrong - Trumpech and Singers.
(Slide number 3.) The roots of jazz music go to the folk music of African blacks, forcibly exported to America at the beginning of 17B. and facing slavery. The rich American south began to use the slave work of blacks for hard work on their plantations. From early morning and under-late not flaming backs worked negros. Incredibly severely had their lives.
(Slide number 4. ) Negros are amazing musical and rhythmic.
(Slide number 5. ) In a rare rest watch, they sang, accompanying their cotton in your hands or hitting everything that was at hand. Torn from their homeland, separated from loved ones, squeezing from malnutrition, black slaves found consolation in music.
(Slide number 6. In the beginning, it was real African music that slaves were brought from their homeland, but the years, decades went. In the memory of generations, memories of the music of the country of ancestors were erased. The music was perceived by white music. And those sang basically Christian religious hymns. But to sing in his own way, putting all my pain in them, all passionate hope for the best life.
(Slide number 7. ) So the Negro Songs-Prayers arose - Spirichel. Elevated, sorrowful, complete suffering and faith in the best life.
(Slide number 8.)
Now we will listen to Spirichel "God will breathe my tears."
The beauty, poetry and wealth of this melody give us an idea of \u200b\u200bthe extraordinary musical talent of blacks.
Teacher. Which area of \u200b\u200bmusic "light" or "serious" would you take this work?
Pupils. To serious. In music, deep sorrow and the pride of not destroyed by slavery of human dignity are connected.
Teacher. Spirichuel is one of the sources of jazz.
(Slide number 9. ) Another source of jazz are blues
(Slide number 10. ) Statement of the poet L. Huses
Listening blues "Today I sing blues."
Teacher. Is Spirichuel and Blues similar in their residence?
Pupils. Not at all like. Spirichuel - Sorrowful, full faiths and suffering, and blues - longing is connected to the fun of despair and challenging
Teacher. What was hidden for wild, desperate fun blues?
Pupils. Tragedy of the whole people.
(Slide №11. ) I loved the ebony to play orchestras. At first they played on homemade tools. . After the end of the civil war in the United States, the brass orchestras of military units were dissolved. The tools fell into the benchmarks of the alarms, where they were sold for the scents. Negros finally have been able to acquire them. Negritanese brass orchestras began to appear everywhere. Costers played on any occasion: on holidays, weddings, picnics, funeral. So as a result of the transfer of non-Christian vocal music and the Negro rhythm in the instrumental sphere, a new orchestral music was born - jazz
Teacher. What are the main features of jazz?
Pupils. In rhythm.
(Slide number 12.)
Teacher . Improvisation - translated from Latin - unexpected. The factory means to play, at the same time writing, or rather to compose without preliminary preparation, right there is a structured. Jazz musicians should be able to improvise or solo on the background of the accompaniment.
Teacher . What famous jazz performers can you call?
Pupils. Louis Armstrong
(Slides number 13, 14, 15, 16, 17.)
(Slide №18) George Gershwin is the first Amrikan composer whose music has become known all over the world. He was interested in the life of the blacks and wrote about the opera "Porgi and Bess" about them.
(Slide №19) The pretty music of the Gershvin was based on the Negritan folk music of a jazz nature, combining it with the techniques of European symphonic music. So there was a new style of music - symphodzhaz.
Teacher What jazz orchestra tools do you know?
Pupils. Saxophone. (Slide number 20)
(Slide №21) Since his appearance, Jazz managed to go through a huge way, he spread first in Amrique, and then throughout the world. He stopped being the art of blacks. Very soon, white musicians came to jazz.
Jazz - orchestras are in our country. (Slides number 2, 23)
There is no permanent composition in the jazz orchestra. Jazz is always a soloist ensemble.
Vocal choral work.
Exercises - splashing for breathing.
The song "Old Royal" - the execution of the teacher.
Analysis of the song:
Teacher: What style sounded a song? With what musical means have you determined a musical style? (A confused rhythm, an emphasis is not strong, but on a weak share, the prevalence of shock tools).
Arcuring the song.
Teacher: What new did you know today about Jazz? (Children's responses)
(Slide No. 24) - handout. Homework: solve crossword.
Jazz (Engl. Jazz) is a form of musical art, which emerged at the beginning of the 20th century in the United States as a result of the synthesis of African and European cultures and later widespread distribution.
Jazz - Stunning Music, Live, Insitious Developing, Imaginary Rhythmic Genius Africa, Treasures of the Millennial Art of Games on the drums, ritual, ritual chants. Add choir and solo singing Baptist, Protestant churches - opposite things merged together, giving the world an amazing art! The story of Jazz is unusual, dynamic, filled with amazing events that influenced the global musical process.
What is jazz?
Specific traits:
- polyritmia based on syncous rhythms,
- bit - regular ripple,
- swing - deviation from the bit, the complex of receptions of the rhythmic texture,
- improvisation
- colorful harmonic and timber row.
This direction of music originated at the beginning of the twentieth century as a result of the synthesis of African and European cultures as an art based on improvisation in combination with a pre-thought-out, but not necessarily recorded form of composition. Some performers can improvise simultaneously, even if the solo voice is clearly heard in the ensemble. The finished artistic image of the work depends on the interaction of the members of the ensemble among themselves and with the audience.
Further development of the new musical direction was due to the development of new rhythmic, harmonic models by composers.
In addition to the special expressive role of rhythm, other features of African music were inherited - the interpretation of all tools as shock, rhythmic; The predominance of spoken intonations in singing, imitating spoken speech when playing guitar, piano, percussion instruments.
The history of the appearance of Jazza
The origins of Jazz lie in the traditions of African music. Its founders can be considered the peoples of the African continent. The slaves brought to the new light from Africa were not immigrants from one kind, they often did not understand each other. The need to interact and communicate led to the unification, creating a single culture, including musical. For her, complex rhythms are characterized, dancing with ponya, by slamming. Together with blues motives gave a new musical direction.
The processes of mixing African musical culture and European, which has undergone serious changes, occurred since the eighteenth century, and in the nineteenth led to the emergence of a new musical direction. Therefore, the World History of Jazz is inseparable from the history of American jazz.
History of development Jazz
The history of the birth of Jazz originates in New Orleans, in the US south. For this stage, a collective improvisation of several variants of the same trumpeter melody (main voice), a clarinetist and a thrombonist on the background of the monkey accompaniment of copper bass and drums are characterized. An iconic day - February 26, 1917 - then in the New York Studio of the company "Victor" five white musicians from New Orleans recorded the first gramplastine. Before the release of this plate, Jazz remained marginal phenomenon, the musical folklore, and after - in a few weeks, stolen, shook all of America. The record belonged to the legendary Original Dixieland Jazz Band. So the American jazz began his proud procession in the light.
In the 20s, the main features of future styles were found: the uniform ripple of the double bass and drums, contributing to the swine, the virtuoso soling, the vocal improvisation manner without words with the help of individual syllables ("SKTI"). The blues took a significant place. Later both stages - Novoorleansky, Chicago - are combined by the term "Dixieland".
In the American jazz of the 20s, a slim system arose, called Swing. For Swing, the appearance of a new type of orchestra is characteristic - Big Band. With an increase in the orchestra, it was necessary to abandon collective improvisation, proceed to the execution of arrangements recorded on notes. The arrangement has become one of the first manifestations of the composer start.
Big Band consists of three groups of tools - sections, each can sound like a multi-voice tool: sections of saxophones (later with clarinates), "copper" section (pipes and trombones), rhythmic section (piano, guitar, double bass, drums).
Solo improvisation appeared, based on the "square" ("Horus"). "Square" is one variation equal to the duration (number of clocks) theme, performed on the background of the same as the main topic, chord accompaniment, to which the improviser adjusts new melodic revolutions.
In the 30s, the American blues became popular, the song form of 32 cycles was spread. Swing began to be widely used "Riff" - two or four clock rhythmically flexible replica. It is performed by the orchestra while the soloist improvises.
Among the first Big Bendes are the orchestras under the leadership of the famous jazz musicians - Henderson Fletcher, County Basy, Benny Goodman, Glena Miller, Duke Ellington. The latter already in the 40s turned to large cyclic forms based on Negro, Latin American folklore.
American jazz 30s commercialized. Therefore, in the medium of lovers and connoisseurs of the history of the descent of Jazz, a movement for the revival of earlier, genuine styles arose. The crucial role was played by small black ensembles of the 40s, who discarded everything designed for the external effect: estuary, dance, and a song. The topic was played in unison and almost did not sound in the original form, the accompaniment no longer demanded dance regularity.
This style, opening up modern era, got the name "BOP" or "BIBOP". Experiments of talented American musicians and performers Jazz Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespi, Telonus Monk and others - actually marked the development of an independent type of art, only externally associated with a pop-dance genre.
From the late 40s to the mid-60s, development occurred in two directions. The first turned on the styles "Cool" - "Cool", and "West Coast" - "West Coast". They are characterized by widespread use of the experience of classical and modern serious music - developed concert forms, polyphony. The second direction included styles "Hardbop" - "hot", "energetic" and close to him "Soul-Jazz" (translated from the English "Soul" - "Soul"), which combined the principles of old bibopa with the traditions of Negro Folklore, temperamental rhythms and intonation Spirichuelov.
Both of these directions have a lot in common in the desire to free themselves from the division of improvisation into separate squares, as well as the swing of waltovy and more complex dimensions.
Attempts to create works of a large form - a symphodzhaz. For example, "rapeseed in blues tones" J. Gershvin, a number of writings I.F. Stravinsky. From the mid-50s. Experiments on the connection of the principles of jazz and modern music were again distributed, already called the "third course", as well as Russian performers ("Concert for Orchestra" A.Y. Eschaya, works M.M. Khoslaeev, 2nd concert for piano With the Orchestra R.K. Shchedrin, 1st Symphony A.G. Shnitke). In general, the history of the appearance of Jazz is rich in experiments, closely intertwined with the development of classical music, its innovative destinations.
Since the beginning of the 60s. Active experiments begin with spontaneous improvisation, not even a concrete musical theme - Freejazz. However, a swittle principle is even more important: each time a number of sounds are chosen - PLA, and not clearly distinguishable squares. In search of such lands, musicians appeals to the cultures of Asia, Africa, Europe, etc. in the 70s. Power tools and rhythms of youth rock music based on a smaller than before, crushing the tact come. This style will first receive the name "Fusion", i.e. "alloy".
Speaking briefly, the story of Jazz is a story about finding, union, bold experiments, hot love for music.
Russian musicians and music lovers are certainly curiously curious about the emergence of jazz in the Soviet Union.
In the pre-war period, jazz in our country developed inside the pop orchestras. In 1929, Leonid Rockov organized a pop orchestra and called his team "TEA jazz". The style "Dixieland" and Swing was practiced in Orchestras A.V. Varlamova, N.G. Minhu, A.N. Thasman and others. From the mid-50s. Small amateur groups are beginning to develop ("Eight Central Committee", "Leningrad Dixieland"). They received a ticket to life many prominent performers.
In the 70s, training of personnel on the pop compartments of music schools begins, tutorials, notes, records are published.
Since 1973, Pianist L.A. Chizhik began to perform with the "evenings of jazz improvisation." Ansumpy under the leadership of I. Brill, Arsenal, Allegro, Kandans (Moscow), Quintet D.S. Gosholekina (Leningrad), collectives V. Ghanelina and V. Chekasina (Vilnius), R. Raubishko (Riga), L. Vinzkevich (Kursk), L. Saarsalu (Tallinn), A. Lyprochko (Dnepropetrovsk), M. Yuldybaeva (Ufa ), Orchestra O.L. Lundstrema, teams K.A. Orbelyan, A.A. Roll ("Contemporary").
Jazz in the modern world
Today's world of music is diverse, developing dynamically, new styles are born. In order to freely navigate in it, understand the processes occurring, it is necessary to know at least a brief history of jazz! Today we are watching a mixture of an increasing number of world cultures constantly bringing us to the fact that in essence is already becoming "world music" (World Music). Today, jazz absorbs sounds and traditions from almost any corner of the globe. Including the African culture with which everything began. European experimentalism with a classic subtext continues to influence the music of young pioneers, such as Ken Vandermark, an avant-garde-saxophonist, known to work with such famous contemporaries, like Mats Gustafsson saxophonists, Evan Parker and Peter Brotsmann. To other young musicians of a more traditional orientation that continue to search for their own identity include Jackki's pianists. Terrasson, Benny Green and Braid Meldo, Saxophonists Joshua Redman and David Sanchez and Drummers Jeff Watts and Billy Stewart. The old tradition of sound continues and is actively supported by such artists as Wynton Marsalis Trumpeter, who works with a whole team of assistants, plays in his own small groups and heads the Lincoln Center Orchestra. Under his patronage, Markus Roberts and Eric Reed, Saxophonist WES "Warmdaddy" Enderson, Trubacch Markus Proppect and Vibraphonist Stefan Harris, grew up under his patronage.
Basist Dave Holland is also an excellent opener of young talents. Among the many of his discoveries, Saxophonists Steve Colemen, Steve Wilson, Vibrafonist Steve Nelson and Drummer Billy Kilson.
Another great mentors of young talents include the legendary pianist Chik Coria, and now the deceased drummer Alvin Jones and singer Betty Carter. Potential opportunities for the further development of this music are currently high and diverse. For example, Saxophonist Chris Potter under his own name produces a mainstream release and at the same time participates in recording with another great Avgardist drummer Paul Motan.
We still have to enjoy hundreds of beautiful concerts and bold experiments, to witness the origin of new directions and styles - this story has not yet been added to the end!
We offer training in our music school:
- the lessons of the game on the piano are a variety of works from the classics to modern pop music, clarity. Available to everyone!
- guitar for children and adolescents - attentive teachers and exciting classes!
Sandarov Tatyana Fedorovna
Position: music teacher
Educational institution: MBOU "Dental Gymnasium"
Locality: Republic of Mordovia p. Zubzova Polyana
Name of material: Methodical development
Subject: Jazz - Art 20 century.
Publication date: 24.03.2016
Section: secondary education
The name of the lesson:
"Hero of our era - jazz."
The abstract of the lesson on GEF. Music
Technological card lesson
Thing:
Music. Class 6 "b".
Tutorial (UMC):
E.D. Krit "Music" grade 6.
Theme lesson:
Jazz - Art 20 century.
Type of lesson:
Combined.
Equipment:
A computer.
The purpose of the lesson:
To introduce one of the modern musical directions of the 20th century - Jazz.
Learning results:
Subject:
To acquaint the story of Jazz, the sources of jazz, characteristic features of jazz music.
Personal:
Rail and instill aesthetic taste of students, love for jazz music. Education is positive attitude to art.
MetaPered:
The ability to conduct training cooperation in the lessons with the teacher, classmates in the group and the team. The ability to work with the text, allocate the main thing. Improve oral speech skills, text analysis skills. Development of listening skills and understanding of the musical work.
Universal learning actions:
Regulatory:
Put a learning task. Correctly draw up and keep records in the notebook. Plan your activities.
General educational:
Search for necessary information. Create an abstract speech.
Brain teaser:
Formulate conclusions. To allocate.
Communcutive:
Listen to each other. To have a dialog. Perform an audience. Briefly formulate your thoughts. Set clarifying questions.
LESSON STRUCTURE:
1. Organizational stage. 2. Actualization. Goaling and motivation. 3. Primary learning learning material. 4. Awareness and understanding of educational material. 5. Fastening the educational material. 6. Summing up. Reflection.
During the classes
I. Organizational stage.
Slide 1. Greeting
Let it be a joyful meeting! In this acquaintance of friendship the essence. We begin our benefits. As they say, in a good way!
II. Actualization. Goaling and motivation.
Slide 2. Jazz - Hero of our era
Today, our lesson is dedicated to one famous celebrity. Who is this mysterious guest? What country arrived from? What is his character? Will he want to make friends with us? For us, this is still a mystery. Perhaps music will help you give answers to all these questions. Song "Nakhodka" Aermolov on the words of A. Bochkovskaya sounds. Who guessed, what hero came to us? (Jazz, because the music sounded very rhythmically, brightly, a little unusual.) Today we will talk to you about an amazing musical style - about Jazz. Jazz - a real hero of his time! We learn where and when Jazz appeared, we will get acquainted with his characteristic features, listen to the music performed by the best jazz musicians and try to sing and play jazz.
Slide 3. Epigraph to the lesson
What is jazz? Louis Armstrong, one of the most popular musicians of the last century, said: "If you, listening to this music, do not pour your foot, you never understand what jazz is."
Slide 4. Theme of the lesson: "Jazz - Art of the twentieth century"
The story of Jazz is part of the history of the 20th century. In November 2011, UNESCO General Conference announced the introduction of a new date in the calendar - April 30 - International Day of Jazz. The founders of the holiday believe that jazz is the power promoting "peace, unity, dialogue and expansion of contacts between people." "For a century, Jazz has already for centuries - a universal language of passionateness and humans - unites people, despite their different cultural, religious and nationality," the message of the Director-General of UNESCO Irina Sober and Ambassador of Good Will, UNESCO, Rector of the Jazz Institute. Telonus Monk Herby Henkok.
III. Primary learning learning material.
Slide 5. Look in the dictionaries ... Definition "Jazz"
Jazz originated at the end of the XIX - early XX century in the United States as the synthesis of African and European cultures and to this day remains a unique form of musical art, which unites races and nationality and erases the boundaries between people and states. For the first time, the word "jazz" was mentioned in the Los Angeles Times newspaper dated April 2, 1912. To better present the image of jazz, let's try to trace the story of his life. We move at the beginning of the 20th century ...
Slide 6. Look at the Dictionaries ... Definition "Jazz Band"
At that time and the new, and the old light was bullied by conversations about some kind of jazz gang. Wrong?
The prepared students show a small scene, all - and friends, and the enemies of Jazz converged in one thing: they wanted to know where this scandalous person came from.
Slide 7. The history of the emergence. First jazz gangs
And there was jazz at that time 10 years, no more. He was born in the south of the United States and lovingly called his edge of Dixieland. Especially warmly recalled New Orleans - a city where the first orchestras appeared, consisting of 5-10 musicians who called jazz, or jazz gang. In New Orleans, many blacks lived, former slaves from plantations lived throughout the south of America. Negros lived difficult, but having fun with azart and inspiration. By the way, it was in New Orleans that the first jazz gramplastine was recorded. The record belonged to the famous "Original Dixieland Jazz Band". Dixiends were also called jazz ensembles consisting of white performers imitating traditional black jazz teams.
Slide 8. First jazz gangs
Small orchestras traveled on trucks. Sometimes it happened so that they met on the same area, in the same city. Then real musical battles were arranged. Judged gathered crowd. Do you know what kind of fate I expected a defeated orchestra? .. With noisy fun, the crowd tied one truck to another - defeated winners. Here such a street education received our jazz as a child.
Slide 9. First jazz gangs
The ripper from the street has grown, and about 15 years went from his native city to people to see and show themselves. And besides, it came to think about earnings.
Slide 10. Jazz Fever
In many cities of America, our hero found both shelter and food, and fans. He got there along the Mississippi River on an old wheel steaming. At the beginning of the 20th century, Novoorlean orchestras advocated such pleasure vapors, whose music became the most attractive entertainment for passengers during river tours. But most of all work for Jazz was in Chicago and New York. The work came to him to taste - to entertain the public in clubs and entertainment institutions with music and dancing. So the day of jazz passed ...
Slide 11. World Popularity
In a few years, Jazz had already world fame. Thanks to the rapid development of grams, our hero won great popularity. Jazz sounded in America, and in Europe. And everywhere managed to make faithful friends. Now Jazz played not only black musicians, but also Europeans.
Slide 12. Jazz in the USSR
Filled jazz and in our country. In the 20s and 30s, we had our jazz celebrities. Among them - Leonid Osipovich Utesov and his Tea-Jazz orchestra, the first performance of whose audience saw on March 8, 1929 in Leningrad.
Slide 13. "Merry guys"
Together with his theater jazz-orchestra, Utösov starred in the musical comedy "Funny guys", the premiere of which was held in December 1934.
View video from jazz comedy "Funny guys". So, we already know, in which country a jazz (in the USA) appeared, which city is considered to be homey jazz (New Orleans), as the orchestras, who fulfilled jazz (jazz-gang, Dixieland).
Slide 14. Basics of Jazz
When Jazz became quite famous, all around began to ask where he was inherited from his talents. And they found out - from Serious Uncle Spirichel, sad uncle Blues, funny uncle Right.
Slide 15. Spirichel
Spiricuell translated from English means spiritual, church. Negro Spirichuel is a spiritual choir anthem, which often composed on biblical plots and texts. The hymns sang the chorus more slaves of plantations, imitating spiritual anthem of white migrants. This is the genre of religious singing and dance, the execution of which is accompanied by cotton, feeding and dance movements. Spiricwell performs collectively, expressing ideas and aspirations of the whole community. Now we will hear the voice of the Great Louis Armstrong. Carefully listen to the fragment of the work and determine the nature of the music, its features. (To help students - "Dictionary of Aesthetic Emotions", Hearing a fragment of the work of Louis Armstrong "Let My People Go!" What features of the character inherited Mr. Jazz from Spirichel? (Importance, proudness, courtesy, religiousness, solemnity. Music first performed a soloist, and then Choir. They sang without accompaniment, and then an accompaniment appeared.)
Slide 16. Blues
At the end of the XIX century, other songs appeared - songs-complaints, protest songs. They began to call blues. The blues says about the need for serious work, about deceived hopes. Blues performers usually accompanied themselves on some homemade tool. For example, adapted the neck and strings to the old box. Only later they were able to buy real guitars. Unlike Spirichuel, blues - solo-song genre. There is everything in the blues - both drama, conflict, and satire, and humor. Listen to the "Blues of Western outskirts" Louis Armstrong and try to determine which traits of character inherited jazz from the blues. Hearing a fragment of the work of Louis Armstrong "Blues Western outskirts". That's what L. Armstrong sang: "The blues fills me from head to the legs, I am sad today, I am full of gloomy premonitions, when I go to the western outskirts, where so many suffering is waiting for me ...". How did this music sound? (Music was thoughtful, kind, smooth. It can be said that jazz inherited a romanticism, diversity, tenderness.)
Slide 17. Regtime
A completely different nature of the regtex. Rights (ripped rhythm) - dance music of a special rhythmic warehouse. The appearance of Right was preceded by the popularity of the dance "Kake-Uok" and "Tupe step". In these dancing, blacks paroded their Lord, imitating their manners and gait. At the end, the actors received a small piece of the cake from the hands of the host.
Slide 18. Scott Joplin
Now you will hear the music of the first king Rights Scott Joplin, an African American composer and a pianist. Listening to the regtext of S.Joplin "Artist pop".
IV. Awareness and understanding of educational material.
I suggest you guys to participate in the performance of this work. In front of you tools - tambourines, drums, maratasas (students take tools and are distributed to 3 groups). Let's try, improvising, create a rhythmic accompaniment to this work. Please offer a rhythmic pattern that only your tool group will execute. (Students offer a group of drums to play a strong share, a group of tambourines - on a weak, and maratasam - to sound constantly). Hearing I see that everyone enjoyed, and musicians, and listeners! Indeed, jazz music does not leave anyone indifferent, impressive with its uniqueness, beauty and originality. Now we can say what character traits inherited jazz from regtime? (Funny, cheerful and bright character.) Spiricuela, blues, regtemas are not just jazz, but only approaches to it. We will talk about it next time.
Slide 19. Features of jazz music
When Jazz became a very famous, real hero of the day (from the 30s of the 20th century), many tried to capture his extraordinary appearance. "Looks like," people agreed, looking at his portraits, "but something very important in any way" grab "does not succeed. In life, he is much more interesting. Try to transferring what and how he says his eyes, gait. Maybe then you will understand what the mystery of this amazing personality. " So, let's try to draw a portrait of a jazz. What special features does he have? (Unusual rhythm.) Completely right. Our Mr. Jazz is a very difficult nature - with all its permanence (regular ripple - "bit"), it is completely unpredictable (deviations from pulsation - "swing", i.e. sound in motion). When we fulfilled the rhythm, the rhythmic accompaniment you were composed right in the lesson, and some guys composed it right during the sound of music, that is ... (improvised.) Improvisation is one of the most important distinguishing features of our Mr. Jazz. And, of course, emotionality is that our jazz does not take away! Of course, you understand that only a real professional can play free, emotionally and relaxed to play jazz. Jazz is always an ensemble of soloists, unlike other orchestras. And what instruments are part of the jazz orchestra? (children's responses)
Slide 20. Composition of the jazz orchestra.
As you correctly noticed, many of the tools of the symphony orchestra are part of the jazz. But in contrast to the symphony in the jazz orchestra there is no permanent composition of tools.
V. Fastening the educational material.
So, we got acquainted with the origins of the appearance of jazz, its distinctive features. Let's try to define this musical style yourself. (Jazz is an alloy of European and African music with unusual melodies and rhythms. Jazz is a music based on improvisation and rhythm. Jazz is music of virtuosos. Jazz is a special original music that listen to around the world.)
Slide 21. Look at the dictionaries ...
Thank you. And I open the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language", because I want to read the definition that gives S.I. Izhegov: "Jazz, -a, m. 1. Original improvisational music with uneven rhythm and pace that combines the features of European and African traditions. ... ". As you can see, you all rightly noticed, well done. But what a "capacious" definition was given to jazz music in 1917 - the American Literary Digest magazine explained that "Jazz is a music that makes people shake, jump and squeeze." Well, and they are right in their own way, because thanks to jazz, such dances appeared like Foxtrot, Twist, Bogi-Vui, Charleston, Rock and Roll, and others. By the way, rock and roll can sound in the class right now.
Slide 22. Rock and Roll Lesson
Perforcement by the whole class of songs O. Khromushina "Rock and Roll Lesson" So, what musical instruments helped you to determine the style of this song? (The song is written in a jazz style. Rhythm peculiar, there are syncopes, focus on a weak share, dance character, adding cotton and clicks.)
Slide 23. Famous jazz performers
Time passed, and jazz matured. Since its appearance in New Orleans, Jazz managed to go through a huge path. Tired of his fame of a restless merry and dancer. He wanted to love him not only in minutes of noisy entertainment, so that they were closely and serious. The names of the outstanding masters of jazz are known all over the world. This is Louis Armstrong, Duk Ellington, Benny Goodman, Singer Ella Fitzgerald and others.
Slide 24. First Lady Jazz
Now you will hear the voice of the "First Lady Jazz" - the American singer Ella Fitzgerald. Her velvet voice fascinates with his beauty. Determine what genre is written a song? The hearing of the "Summertime" fragment from the opera "Porgi and Bess" J. Rogerswine. How did this music sound? (Music is very calm, gentle, kind, soft, fascinating. These are blues.) What tool solo? (Pipe - Copper Spirit Tool.)
Slide 25. King Jazz
The name of this musician today we have already heard more than once. They said about him: "This is not your pipe, and you have a pipe." Indeed, Louis Armstrong played the pipe in eager. His pipe was able to express everything and could sing as a human voice.
Slide 26. King Swing
The greatest jazz clarinetist of all time, Benny Hudman earned his title "King Sving" for a flawless game, became the first of the jazzmen who performed classical music.
Slide 27. Duke Ellington - Jazz Pianist
Edward Kennedy "Duk" Ellington - Negro Pianist, composer, orchestra head, arranger. The nickname "Duke" (Duke) Ellington received from friends because of love for silent clothes. With his big jazz orchestra, he traveled the whole world, and in 1971, with Gastroes, Ellington visited our country.
Vi. Summing up lesson. Reflection.
Slide 28. Jazz - Light or serious music?
There are still disputes on what music - easy or serious - can jazz? Different jazz works sounded at the lesson - different and in mood, and in content. What is your opinion? (Students express their opinions) Given your answers, make a conclusion: Jazz is such a music style in which the interpenetration of music spheres.
Slides 29-30. A minute of creativity
And now I suggest you to summarize the impressions of the lesson on the topic "Jazz - the art of the twentieth century" and work in groups. Independent work in groups. Work with handouts, The teacher hears students' responses, assesses the work of groups and everyone for the lesson.
Slide 31. "Jazz - Hero of our era"
Jazz - the same age of the XX century and one of his biggest celebrities, he is a hero of our era. He has been over 100 years old. According to human concepts - an old man. And on the musical age of his age - the only trifle. After all, a lot in music lives with centuries and even thousands of years. I hope that in the face of Mr. Jazz you found a good friend today, who will delight you in the happy moments of your life and will support in a difficult moment. To new meetings!
Slide 32. Thanks for your attention
Literature.
1. Konen V. "Birth of Jazz". Moscow, "Soviet composer", 1990 2. Mikheeva L. "Music dictionary in stories." Moscow, Soviet composer, 1984 3. Finkelstein E. "Music from A to Z". Publisher "Composer", Saint Petersburg, 1992