This note is addressed to those who have not yet learned how to determine how many letters n write in this or that word. Or those who reread the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Make yourself some tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.
How to reduce the likelihood of correct spelling
Easily. Write at random or because it looks so "beautiful". Or the first and the second at the same time.
How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling
Do not be lazy and do not skip any of the points of the algorithm. Only then will you master the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to automatism.
Aerobatics - quantify n on the run.
You can, but not right away.
Sequencing
To begin with, we always define the part of speech. This should be done on the question that we ask by the way.
- Noun - who? what?
- Adjective - which?
- Short adjective - what?
- Adverb - as?
- Participle - which?
- Short participle - what?
- Verbal adjective - which?
You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?
Adjectives and participles
An adjective is derived from a noun, and a participle is derived from a verb.
Long is an adjective because it answers the question which? and derived from the noun length.
Strewn is a participle because it answers a question which? and derived from the verb strew.
By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -usch-, -yush-, -asch-, -ych-, -em-, -om-, -im-. In the forms of the past tense: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -ёnn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as an additional check that you have correctly identified a part of speech.
Participles and verbal adjectives
Now we have another problem: both participles and verbal adjectives are derived from the verb. Both answer the question which?... How can you tell them apart?
First, the verbal adjective is formed from the imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from the perfect verb.
How to determine the type of a verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is imperfect (denotes an unfinished action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is perfect (denotes a completed action).
Secondly, verbal adjectives have no dependent words.
A dependent word is a word to which you can ask a question from the main word.
Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle, and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.
Answer. Resolved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfect because it answers the question what to do?.
Laden- a verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question which?; derived from the verb load; this verb is imperfect because it answers the question what to do?; dependent words are missing.
In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:
- Add dependent word.
A man-laden car. Laden by whom?- a person. This is the sacrament now. - Change the look of the verb.
Loaded car. Derived from the verb download which answers the question what to do? and therefore belongs to the perfect species.
Short adjectives and short participles
The sequence of actions is as follows:
- Realized that the word answers the question what?.
- We think from what full form the word is formed.
- We determine the part of speech in the full form (we read the differences between adjectives and participles above).
Here is a table for clarity.
Hooray. Now we know which part of speech our word belongs to.
We apply the rules
See how simple everything is when we know the part of speech:
We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- and -Eve-.
In the word asphalted we write nn because there is a suffix -ova-.
Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- were just suffixes. In words forged and chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots kov- and chewing... One letter is written in these words n because they are verbal adjectives.
You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.
It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.
In adjectives and nouns, we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -an-, -yan-, -in-: leather an th, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand an hic. Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
In adjectives we write nn in the following cases:
- In suffixes -he N-, -enn-: station he N th, time yenn th.
- If the word is derived from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma nn th.
Pay special attention to the second point. Without it, you would have written in a word fog one letter n since there is a suffix -an-... But there is no suffix in this word -an-! Why? Because -an- is part of the root. The word is derived from a noun fog whose stem ends in n... Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Do not forget about this rule.
The words windy, buttered, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from the verbs: wind, oil. Everything here works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are written with one letter. n... In other cases, already with two (wind n oh, calm nn th).
OK. What about short adjectives?
Everything is simple here: the same number of letters are written in them. n, how many and in full.
What about adverbs?
It's the same story. We write the same n, how much is in the word from which the adverb is formed.
Slowly- adverb, because it answers the question as?... Derived from the adjective slow... In this adjective we write nn in the suffix -enn-, therefore, we write in the same adverb.
Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confused to explain... The logic is tricky. Adverb confused formed from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question which?; no dependent words; derived from the imperfective verb confuse). Insofar as confused- a verbal adjective, then in it we write one n... And if so, then in the dialect, which is formed from him, we write the same amount.
A little exercise. Explain the staging nnn in a sentence.
Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes, a little dumped in ash, and a sip of a drink infused with some strange drug will seem delicious to fresh air the most exquisite gourmet.
Spelling H and HH in nouns
Spelling in nouns -Н- or -НН- is determined by the same rules as spelling -Н-, -НН- in full adjectives
1. -НН- written:
1) if the root of the word ends in -Н-, and the suffix begins with -Н-: elder-nick (elder), druzhin-nick (squad), birthday-nick (name-day), raspberry-nick (raspberry), swindler (mosna), aspen-nick (aspen), mountain ash (mountain ash); bezdan-nits-a (dowry), sleepless-nits-a (sleep), ringing-knits-a (ringing), log-knits-a (log);
2) if the noun is formed from an adjective with -НН-, or from a participle: soreness (painful), anxiousness (agitated), hryvnia-ik (hryvnia), power of attorney (trusted), cutesy-itza (cutesy), spoiled-ost (spoiled), chosen-ik (chosen), exiled-ik (exiled), konn-itza (equestrian), root-ik (indigenous), larch-itza (deciduous), unintentional (unintentional), educated (educated), public-ik (public), organized ( organized), prisoner-ik (prisoner), sent-ik (sent), privileged (privileged), production-ik (production), millet-ik (millet), handicraft-ik (handicraft), relative-ik (related ), sacred-ik (sacred), semion-ik (seed), proper-ik (own), modern ik (modern), consistency (coordinated), nebulousness (foggy).
2. -Н- written in words: scarlet-itza (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windiness, windy-ik, windy-itza (windy), hotel-itza (living room), wood-ik (wood), hemp-ik (hemp), smoked-ost (smoked), kostyan-ika (bone), maslen-itza (oily), trickyness (tricky), oat-itza (oatmeal), peat-ik (peat), cleverness (clever), etc. .p., as well as in the words alsha-nik, omshan-ik.
Spelling Н and НН in the suffixes of abbreviated adjectives (formed from the name of a noun)
1. -НН- written:
1) for adjectives formed from nouns using the suffixes -ENN-, -OHN- artificial, cranberry, straw, operating, session, station and adjectives formed from nouns for me (time, flame, etc.): temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal, etc.
The adjective windy is written -Н-, but -НН-х: weathered, weathered, weathered.
2) for adjectives formed from adjectives with the suffix -ENN-: tall, hefty, wide and etc;
3) in adjectives derived from nouns with a stem ending in -Н-: long (length), true (true), millionth (million), old (old), canvas (canvas) and etc.
Type adjectives ram, carp, seal are written with one -Н-, since they are formed from nouns with a base on n by adding the suffix -j-.
The words spicy, ruddy, young are written with one -Н- and in words derived from them, one -Н- is also written: spice, rosy, blush, youth (but: yunnat , since this word is formed from the combination of young naturalist).
2. -Н- is written in adjectives formed from nouns using the suffixes -ИН-, -АН-, - ЯН-: pigeon (pigeon), goose (goose), chicken, eagle, swan, leather (skin), sand (sand), wax (wax), linen (canvas), silver, wood and etc.
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wooden .
It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:
a) windy - "accompanied by the wind, with the wind" (windy weather), "frivolous" - trans. (windy girl, youth); wind - "driven by the force of the wind" (wind turbine, pump, mill); in combination with chickenpox, the suffix -YAN- is written in the adjective, cf .: chickenpox - colloquial;
b) buttered - “soaked in oil, oiled, soiled with oil” (buttered pancakes, porridge, hands), transfer. (oily eyes, oily voice, also: oil week - carnival); oil - "for oil, from oil, in oil" (butter biscuits, oil paint, oil engine, pump, etc.); cf .: an oil bottle ("intended for oil") and an oil bottle ("soiled with oil");
c) silver-plated - “silver-plated, covered with silver” (silver-plated spoon); silver - "made of silver" (silver spoon);
d) salty - "containing salt" ( salty fish); salt - "consisting of salt" (salt mines, salt pillar). In combination hydrochloric acid the adjective has the suffix -ЯН-.
Spelling N and NN in verbal adjectives and participles
Full forms
Written with -НН- suffixes of full forms of passive past participles: -НН- and -ЁНН- (-ENN-).
1. Written with -НН- participles and adjectives ending with -ОВАНИЙ, -ЕВАНИЙ, -ЕВАЛЯ (formed from the verbs ending in -ОВАЯ, -ЕВАЯ): spoiled, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted, lined, reorganized.
2. They are also written with -НН-participles not to -ОВАНН (-ОВАНИЙ, -ЕВАНИЙ) perfective verbs; the vast majority of such verbs contain the prefix: bleached, washed, tied, toasted, scribbled, dyed, peeled, cursed, dyed, counted, untangled, made.
Remember: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captive, forgiven, let go, decided, seized, revealed; met, started, offended, found, obliged, visited, supplied, crowned, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.
Exceptions: a goner, a named brother, a named sister, a planted father, a planted mother, Forgiveness Sunday.
3. The participles not in -OVANNY (-YOVANNY, -EVANNY) of imperfective verbs from non-prefixed verbs are written in different ways: participles with -НН-, adjectives - with one -Н-: carts laden with firewood, fish fried in oil, oil painting, hair cut by a hairdresser and short-cropped hair, green-dyed benches, a floor that has not been swept for a long time, walls not yet whitewashed, a count of money more than once, an offer made many times; but: a laden barge, fried fish, written beauty, bobbed hair, painted benches, swept floor, bleached walls, a matter of minutes, pretended indifference; similarly knitted and crocheted, ironed and ironed, braided and braided, peeled and peeled; also written: chewed and chewed, pecked and pecked, forged and forged.
According to this rule, the forms of the two-species verbs are written concussion, baptize and injure. Wed: a shell-shocked soldier, a seriously wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the leg, a newly baptized baby, but: a shell-shocked commander, a wounded soldier, a baptized child.
In words with the prefix HE-, in complex words and in some combinations, repetitions, the forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without a prefix and not as part of a complex word or combination, repetition) use.
1. Words with the prefix NOT-:
Are spelled with -НН- uneducated, unlined, untested, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven ;
Written with -Н-: unbleached, unplowed, uninvited, unbroken, unfed, unpainted, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, unbidden, unreadable.
2. Compound words:
Written with -НН-: highly skilled, solid-stamped, acquired, freshly painted, purposeful, born blind, insane;
Written with -Н-: plain dyed, homespun, finely crushed, self-proclaimed, seriously wounded, one-piece.
3. Combinations, repetitions with the prefix PERE- in the second part, which have an amplifying meaning. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with -НН- or -Н-):
Written with -НН-: pledged-re-pledged, resolved-re-resolved ;
Written with -Н-: patched-patched, washed-erased, repaired-re-read, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.
Exceptions.
They are written with -НН- instead of -Н-:
a) the adjectives desired, expected and (as part of stable combinations) have you seen anything?; Is it a heard thing? They are formed from the imperfect verbs to wish, wait and see, hear.
Special cases: adjectives worn and (in a stable combination) spilled sea; they are formed from the prefixed imperfective verbs to put on, to pour, that is, from the verbs with the suffix -va-, which naturally do not form the passive participles of the past tense;
b) adjectives with the prefix NOT-: unknown, unseen, unexpected, unwanted, unexpected, not worn, unexpected, unheard of, unintentional and (as part of a stable combination) an unsleeping eye;
c) complex adjectives long-awaited, homegrown and (as part of his own name) Andrew the First-Called.
Short forms
Short forms of passive past participles are written with one -Н-: read, read, read, read; read, read, read, read; marked, marked, marked, marked; tagged, tagged, tagged, tagged ... The forms of the neuter gender are also written in impersonal use: smoky, dirty, ridden, hosed, holed-over, hosed-over .
Short forms (except for the masculine form) of qualitative adjectives that coincide in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs are written with -НН-: educated, educated, educated (from the adjective educated ‘revealing the results of good education’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled (from the adjective spoiled ‘accustomed to fulfilling his whims’); sublime, sublime, sublime (from the adjective sublime ‘full high content’) ... Such adjectives have forms of a comparative degree: more educated, more spoiled, more sublime.
She was raised by a distant relative. - She has good manners, she is well-mannered. She is spoiled good conditions- She is capricious and spoiled.
Short forms of adjectives in -NN are written with one -Н- if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form: attached to someone ‘affectionate’ - She is very attached to him; full of something ‘full, imbued’ - The soul is filled with sorrow; heard about something ‘well-informed’ - We have heard a lot about his antics.
Some adjectives have differently spelled short forms in different meanings: She is kind and loyal and She is dedicated. In the first example, a devotee is the same adjective as educated, spoiled, exalted, he has a comparative degree more devoted; in the second - the same as tied, fulfilled, heard (requires dependent words: someone, something).
Short forms of adjectives expressing various emotional states can be written with -Н- or with -НН-, depending on the transmitted shades of meaning: She is agitated (she is experiencing excitement) - Her speech is agitated (her speech reveals, expresses excitement). In the first case, it is possible to write agitated (which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case, it is impossible to write agitated (since speech cannot ‘feel agitated’).
Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with participles in -NY, are written with -Н- or -НН-, depending on the meaning. Adjectives expressing signs that can manifest themselves to a greater or lesser extent, that is, forming forms of a comparative degree, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with –НН-; adjectives that do not allow forms of a comparative degree by meaning have short forms with one -Н-:
well-bred, -no, -nny; comfortable, -no, -nny; self-confident, -no, -nnya; purposeful, -no, -no; purposeful, -no, -nnny (there are forms of a comparative degree that are more well-mannered, more comfortable, more self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);
interconnected, -no, -y; interdependent, -no, -y; generally accepted, -no, -y; contraindicated, -no, -y (no forms of comparative degree).
The short forms of qualitative adjectives, the full forms of which are transmitted in writing with one -Н-, are written in the same way as the full ones: done, done, made (from made ‘unnatural, forced’); confused, confused, confused (from confused ‘illogical, confusing’); scientist, scientist, scientists (disaccustomed ‘knowing something thoroughly’). The forms of the comparative degree (more doing, confusing, more learned) and adverbs in -O- (done, confused, learned) are also written. Such adjectives in -NY have no qualitative meaning: boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled etc.
SPELLING OF N-NN IN ADVANCED SUFFIXES
Adverbs ending in -O, formed from adjectives and passive participles, are written with -НН- or -Н- - depending on how the corresponding adjective or participle is spelled:
Written with -НН-: unintentionally, unheard of (from unintentional, unheard of), agitated, agitated (agitated), confident ;
Written with -Н-: confused (confused reasoning), confusion, confusion (from confused), scholarly (very scholarly expressed), windy (today it is windy in the yard).
Writing one and two letters "H" is the most difficult rule not only for sixth graders, but also for school graduates preparing for the Unified State Exam.
This rule combines different parts of speech, and the conditions for writing letters are not at all similar. You need to pay attention to the morphemic composition of the word, and to the way the word is formed, and even to its meaning. And there are so many exceptions alone! Therefore, we will learn to choose one or two letters "H".
Spelling N and NN in different parts of speech
First step.
1. Determine the part of speech.
Let's say this is a noun ...
2. Determine where the root of the word ends.
We write NN,
- if the root of the word ends in H, and the suffix begins with H: maliN-Nick, druzhiN-Nick, mosheN-Nick (but: laborer!);
If the noun is formed from an adjective that has NN, or from a participle: fogNN-ost (foggy), spoiledNN-ost (spoiled).
- if a noun is formed from an adjective that has H (including in the words of exceptions): butter-itza (butter), hotel-itza (guest), hemp-ik (hemp), varEN-ik (boiled), windy-ik (windy), clever (clever);
If the noun is formed from different declined nouns (in ME: name, tribe, seed, etc.): NAME, Tribal, Seed;
Exception words deer, pork, mutton, carp, seal, etc. are written with one H, since they are formed from nouns with a stem in H (root: deer, pig, ram, carp, seal, etc.).
More exceptions to the rule: young, crimson, spicy, reddish, ruddy, blue, green, infused.
Step two.
Let's say this is an adjective ...
formed from the name of a noun or adjective, then it is called nominal or absent and is very different from the adjective that is formed from an imperfect verb.
We write NN,
- if formed with the help of the suffixes ENN, ONN: triumph - triumphant, revolution - revolutionary, healthy - hefty;
Exceptions to the rule: windy (but: windless!).
If the root of the word ends in H: soH - sleepy, desert - deserted, ham - ham.
And now about when H is written:
- if the adjective is formed from nouns using the suffixes AN, YAN, IN: leather - leather, silver - silver, ant - ant;
Exceptions to the rule: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN.
If the adjective depends on its lexical meaning:
with the wind (windy weather, but windy girl),
driven by the force of the wind (wind turbine, pump, windmill), but spreads quickly like the wind (chickenpox);
oiled, soaked or soiled with oil (buttered pancake, oily week, oily eyes, oily voice, oily bottle);
oil-operated, diluted in oil, intended for oil (butter biscuits, oil paint, oil engine, oil bottle);
silver-plated, silver-plated (silver-plated spoon);
made of silver (silver bowl);
Let's say this is an adjective ...
formed from an imperfective verb.
Then it is always written H: mad (to enrage) dog, boiled (boil) potatoes, sauerkraut (ferment) cabbage, boiled (boil) water, smoked (smoke) fish, etc.
Exceptions to the rule: pretended (kind), desired, slow, unseen, unexpected, unsleeping (eye), unexpected, unheard of, unintentional, sacred, cutesy, arrogant, hammered.
Differ in the spelling of a vowel before H, the adjectives ValYAN (from ValYat) and ValEny (from ValIt), since the suffixes of the indefinite form of the verbs from which they are formed are different.
Adjectives with the prefix NOT, formed from imperfective verbs, are written with one H, since NOT, attached to a verb, does not change its appearance: unwhite ceiling, quicklime, bad road, unbaptized child, infirm street.
In complex adjectives such as ironed-ironed, broken-broken, washed-worn, darned-darned, it is recommended to write one N in the second part, since the prefix PERE does not form a new word (participle), but only indicates a high degree of quality, called a complex adjective ...
Complex adjectives such as one-colored, hot-rolled, gold-woven, gold-forged, low-wear, little-wooded, finely crushed are written with one H; they are formed from a combination of adverbs (smooth, hot, few, many, etc.) and verbal adjectives with H: smooth + colored.
BUT: if an adverbial word is combined with an adjective formed from a prefixed verb, a complex adjective is written NN: plain colored (smooth + painted), fresh frozen, freshly cut.
Exceptions to the rule: named brother, planted father, smart child.
Step three.
LET'S TURN OVERVIEW ADDITIONALS INTO A PARTICIPATION !!!
We write NN,
- if there is OVED or EVAN (that is, they have the suffixes OVA-EVA): spoiled, pickled, organized;
exceptions to the rule: chewy, cool, forged, in which the combinations of OB, EB are part of the root and only the suffix H is added to the base of the verb;
in prefix formations, NN is also written: horseshoe, relaxed, peeled, chewed;
If there is a prefix other than NOT (unpainted floor, overcooked fish, gilded bracelet);
If there are dependent words (floor painted with paint, fish fried in oil, mown slanting meadow).
Step four.
Let's say this is a passive participle ...
It always comes from a perfect verb. That is, it always has the prefix: fenced, resold, trampled!
If it is FULL, ALWAYS write NN!
The participle can also be formed from the non-prescriptive verb: buy - bought, throw - abandoned.
In the participle, the suffixes OBA-EVA are often found, and then we also write НН!
Differ in the spelling of the participle from the prefixed formations of the verbs weigh - hang, knead - interfere, roll - swing.
From verbs on ETH, ITT, the participle requires the suffix ENN (hung, hung, hung, hung).
From verbs to AT, YAT, the participle requires the suffix НН.
The lexical meaning of the words should be borne in mind:
curtain - close with a curtain (a tightly curtained window did not let in light);
hang - hang, put on something (hung door);
hang - hang over the entire space (All walls were hung with bunches of herbs);
hang - hang in a large number(Various posters were hung in the corridors);
hang - hang from all sides, hang everywhere (ships hung with colorful flags look festive);
hang up - hang on different places(In the summer, well-hung laundry dries quickly).
In a stable combination, the shot sparrow is written with one N.
If the participle is SHORT, then write H!
The problem is solved, the floors are painted.
Can anyone substitute the questions? what? to make sure it's a short participle, not a short adjective.
The area around the new house has not yet been landscaped by residents (communion).
The area around the new house was small and uncomfortable (adjective).
The girl was musical and well-read (adjective).
The population was excited by the radio message (communion).
Mom is excited today (adjective).
The sea is stirred by the wind today (sacrament).
If in a sentence there are adverbs formed from an adjective or participle, ask them questions from the verb: She excitedly walked around the room (how? She walked - excitedly). As a rule, as much H is written in adverbs as in the word from which it is derived.
Now you can get down to practice!
The theme of the Russian language "Spelling" n "and" nn "in adjectives" is familiar to every student. However, after graduating from a general education institution, many people begin to forget the simplest rules and make a large number of mistakes while creating any text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes "n" and "nn" are written in adjectives. Also, some exceptions to the established rules will be presented to your attention. They should be remembered.
Part of speech definition
They call a significant one that denotes a non-procedural feature of an object, and also acts in a sentence as a definition or a nominal part of a predicate and responds to next questions: "What?", "What?", "What?", And also "whose?" and what?".
general information
"Spelling" n "and" nn "in adjectives" is a very important topic in the Russian language. Indeed, without knowledge of such simple rules, it is quite difficult to compose a competent text or even a letter.
It should be especially noted that adjectives can be formed from both nouns and verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many "n" letters you need to write in a given case.
Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns
So, let's figure it out together, in which cases you should put -нn-:
In what adjectives that are derived from nouns is "n" written?
Now you know in what cases the suffixes -нн- are written in adjectives (-onn-, -enn-, etc.), if they are derived from nouns. However, this is not enough for competent writing of the text. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the spelling rules for the suffixes -in-, -yan- and -an-:
- In adjectives that are derived from nouns using the above suffixes, only 1 letter "n" is always written. Let's give an example: leather (leather), passerine (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (dove), wax (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all the rules have their exceptions. V this case these are the words "glass", "wooden" and "pewter". 2 letters "НН" are written in them, and they must be memorized.
- In the names of adjectives that are formed without using any suffixes. Let's give an example: green (green). You also need to remember the following words: spicy, ruddy, porky, youthful and united.
How many letters "n" are written in the names of adjectives that are derived from adjectives?
2 letters "n" are written if adjectives are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -enn-, which indicates a large measure of any sign. Let's take an example: hefty, tall or wide.
Important notes regarding the described rules
Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives has the following features:
Spelling "нн" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs
So, 2 letters "n" should be written if:
- Adjectives are derived from prefixed verbs. Moreover, the prefix "n" almost never affects the spelling of "n" or "nn". Thus, in an adjective with one should not write as many letters "n" as in an adjective without this prefix. Here's an example: (tied, beveled, built).
- If there are suffixes such as -eva- or -ova-. Let's give an example: organized excursion, uprooted forest, etc.). Exceptions are the following words: chewed and forged... In this case, ov- and eu- are included in the root, and are not suffixes.
- If there is any dependent word in the sentence (for example, braided from twigs).
- If the adjective is formed from a verb that has a perfect form (for example, solved). An exception is the word "wounded".
Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs
One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: uncut, knitted. Exceptions are the following words: sacred, slow, unseen, unexpected, desired, unheard of, unexpected and unexpected.
Letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives
In addition to the full names of adjectives, there are also short forms in the Russian language. To understand how "n" and "nn" are spelled in short adjectives, you should remember the rules about full ones. After all, they are the same for both forms.
Let's give an example:
Important notes on the material covered
To finally understand how to write adjectives (with "n" or "nn"), you need to consider the following features:
1. Usually the suffixes -yan- and -an- give the meaning "intended for something" or "made of a certain material." For example: wood, wardrobe; sandy, clay.
2. To correctly compose the text, one should distinguish between adjectives, whose spelling is associated with their meaning.
Windy, that is, "with the wind" (windy weather). Wind-driven, that is, "driven by the force of the wind" (wind-driven pump). In the phrase "chickenpox" the name of the adjective is written 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that given word comes from "chickenpox".
Buttered, that is, "soaked in oil" (oily porridge). Buttered, that is, "flattering" (oily voice). Butter, that is, "diluted in butter" (butter cookies).
Silver-plated, that is, “was subjected to silver plating” (silver-plated device). Silver, that is, "made of silver" (silver bottle).
Salty, that is, "containing salt" (salted fish). Salty, that is, "consisting of salt" (salt pillar).
how many n write in a word heat (n, nn) th? How is it right - mad or mad? When to write painted, and when - dyed? If you periodically ask yourself such questions, then this article is for you.
One of the most erroneous places when choosing n or nn- suffixes of adjectives and participles. Let's start with them.
First of all, remember: adjectives can be formed from nouns or from, and therefore are divided, respectively, into abrogative and verbal. Spelling rules n, nn the adjectives of these two groups are different.
N, NN in abbreviated adjectives.
To choose the correct spelling n or nn for abbreviated adjectives, it is advisable to find out from which specific noun they are formed and with the help of which suffix.
Two n are written in abbreviated adjectives that
- formed from words with a stem ending in n :
limo nn th limo n ),
old nn th(derived from the noun old n a).
Here is the scheme by which such adjectives are formed (at the end of the stem there was already a letter n, and when forming an adjective, one more was added - the suffix n):
According to this clause, they are written with two n and adjectives that are formed from different declension nouns - those that end in the nominative case in –My... The fact is that in indirect cases and in the plural, such words have a suffix EH- he closes the base, from which with the help of a suffix H an adjective is formed:
name - them e n a - have nn Oh,
tribe - tribe e n a - tribe nn Oh,
time - time e n a - time nn th,
flame - flame e n and - flame nn th etc.
- have the suffix HE N or ENN:
lectures O nn th,
razors e nn th.
An exception is the word wind n th... By the way, this word ceases to be an exception when the prefix is added to it: in words wind e nn th, windlessness e nn th(and the like) in accordance with general rule written nn.
One n spelled if abbreviated adjectives have suffixes AN, YAN, IN:
sand a n th,
canvas I am n th,
gooseand n th.
Exceptions here are the words glass nn th, tin nn th, tree nn th where two are written n.
Should remember spelling of adjectives:
These adjectives are written according to tradition. One or two n they usually explain in terms of their etymology, that is, origin. Learn about the origin of adjectives authentic, spicy, drunk and other words of the Russian language can be found on the page.
Н, НН in verbal adjectives.
Verbal adjectives formed from imperfective verbs: fried(from fry), knitted(from to knit), painted(from paint).
The suffixes of most of these adjectives are written one n :
smoother n oh linen,
boiled n oh milk,
kauche n haunted grass.
Two n are written only in those verbal adjectives that have suffixes OVA, EVA :
asphalt ova nn th road,
gazir ova nn th water,
cream ova nn th tooth,
cramps Evenn th stump.
Verbal adjectives do not have dependent words and prefixes (except for the prefix not, which, as you know, does not change the form of the verb and does not affect the spelling of one or two n in adjective suffixes: non-smooth n oh linen, not boiled n oh milk, nekoshe n th grass).
N, NN in participles.
Writing rule n, nn concerns the passive past participles that have full form suffixes NN, EHN, YONN:
made nn th,
saw cut yenn th,
carried away yeonn th.
These participles are formed from perfective verbs- and this is their main difference from verbal adjectives, which are formed, as we have already noted, from imperfective verbs.
Communions can be prefixed (on painted floor) and dependent words ( dyed yesterday floor), however, they can be non-prefixed and used without dependent words ( solved problem, purchased items).
Full participles are written with two letters n:
fried nn th potatoes,
heat nn potatoes boiled in butter,
brooch nn th stone.
One letter is written in short participles n:
grilled meat n O,
brochet stones n NS,
the task is solved n a.
You should remember the words in which the spelling n,nn traditionally and does not obey the rule:
Compound adjectives with the prefix PERE-.
Such words are found mainly in colloquial speech. They are formed by repeating, they are written with a hyphen and, despite the fact that in the second part of them there is a prefix PER-, in both parts one is written n:
smoother n oh-slick n th dress,
burden n o-carry n th jacket,
erased n oh-overwrite n th things.
How to distinguish participles from verbal adjectives?
Both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from verbs, these words are similar to each other, and sometimes do not differ at all in pronunciation. However, verbal adjectives are written with one n, and the participles - with two. Therefore, in order not to make a spelling mistake, you need to learn to clearly distinguish between the words of these parts of speech.
View.
The main difference is the type of verbs from which participles or adjectives are formed. Recall once again: verbal adjectives are formed from imperfective verbs, participles - from perfect verbs:
knitted sweater- that is, a sweater that knitted (what they were doing?) - the word is formed from an imperfect verb and, therefore, is an adjective (which explains the spelling n).
decided question- that is, the question that decided (what did you do?)- the word is formed from the perfective verb decide and therefore is communion(this is what explains the spelling nn).
Prefix.
Verbal adjectives do not have prefixes (except for the prefix NOT, which we have already mentioned). It turns out that the presence of the prefix is a sign of the participle and a reason to write in full form nn:
with elm nn th sweater,
per heat nn th meat.
V short form participles, recall, you need to write one n:
sweaters with elm n NS,
vegetables per heat n NS.
Dependent words.
A verbal adjective can be turned into a participle by adding a dependent word (that is, the word to which we ask a question from a participle):
knitted sweater (knitted knitted mom sweater (knitted- participle),
fried potatoes (fried- verbal adjective) - fried in oil potato (fried- participle).
Verbs to knit and fry, from which in this case both adjectives and participles are formed, refer to imperfect mind- that is, they must form adjectives. However, there are no dependent words with adjectives. It turns out that, by attaching dependent words to itself, the verbal adjective automatically goes into the category of participles - with all the ensuing consequences (in its full form it is now written two n, in short - one n).
Н, НН in nouns and adverbs.
Some nouns, as well as adverbs ending in -o, -e, were formed from adjectives or participles with n or nn... In such nouns and adverbs as many n are written as in the words from which they are formed :
brought up nn uk(noun derived from participle brought up nn th),
vare n uk(noun derived from the verbal adjective vare n th),
fright nn O(adverb formed from the participle fright nn th),
puta n O- (adverb formed from a verbal adjective puta n th).
In conclusion, one more small list of words to memorize - this time nouns:
