Pressure is a physical quantity showing the acting force per unit area of a surface perpendicular to this surface.
Pressure is defined as P = F / S, where P is pressure, F is pressure force, S is surface area. From this formula it can be seen that the pressure depends on the surface area of the body acting with a certain force. The smaller the surface area, the greater the pressure.
The unit of pressure is Newton per square meter(H/m2). We can also convert pressure units N/m2 to pascals, units of measurement named after the French scientist Blaise Pascal, who developed the so-called Pascal's Law. 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa.
What???
Pressure of gases and liquids - manometer, differential pressure gauge, vacuum meter, pressure sensor.
Atmospheric pressure - barometer.
Blood pressure - tonometer.
And so, once again, pressure is defined as P = F / S. The force in the gravitational field is equal to weight - F = m * g, where m is the mass of the body; g is the free fall acceleration. Then the pressure is
P = m * g / S. Using this formula, you can determine the pressure exerted by the body on the surface. For example, a person on the ground.
Atmosphere pressure decreases with height. The dependence of atmospheric pressure on altitude is determined by the barometric formula -
P = Po*exp(-µgh/RT). Where, μ = 0.029 kg/m3 is the molecular weight of the gas (air); g = 9.81 m/s2 is the free fall acceleration; h - ho - the difference between the height above sea level and the height taken at the beginning of the report (h=ho); R = 8.31 - J/mol K - gas constant; Ro - atmospheric pressure at a height taken as the reference point; T is the temperature in Kelvin.
It has been experimentally established that atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 760 mm Hg. Art. The standard atmospheric pressure is assumed to be 760 mm Hg. Art., or 101 325 Pa, hence the definition of a millimeter of mercury 101 325/760 Pa = 133.322 368, i.e. 1 mmHg Art. = 133.322 Pa.
mercury mercury(Russian Mark: mmHg mmHg
St.; international: mmHg Art.) is a non-systematic pressure measurement unit equal to 101 325/760 ≈ 133.32 368 4 Pa; sometimes called "Thor"(Russian tag - torr, International - Torr) in honor of the evangelists Torricelli.
In the Russian Federation, it is allowed to use a millimeter of mercury as outsourcing without limiting the duration of "medicine, meteorology, aviation" .
The International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) in its recommendation applies the millimeter of mercury to units of measurement "which may be provisionally used before the date specified in national regulations, but cannot be determined if they are not used".
The source of this device is connected to a method of measuring atmospheric pressure using a barometer, in which the pressure is controlled by a liquid column. Liquid mercury is widely used because it has a very high density (≈13,600 kg/m3), which reduces the required liquid column height and low vapor pressure at room temperature.
Atmospheric pressure in the sea is about 760 mm Hg. The standard atmospheric pressure is assumed to be (exactly) 760 mmHg. Art. Or 101 325 Pa, so the definition of a millimeter of mercury (101 325/760 Pa) is assumed. Previously, a slightly different definition was used: the height of a mercury column is 1 mm and the density is 13.5951 x 103 kg / m³, the free fall acceleration is 9.806 65 m / s².
The difference between these two definitions is 0.000014%.
Pressure: a little history and units of measurement
Millimeters of mercury are used, for example, in vacuum engineering, meteorological reports, and blood pressure measurements. Because vacuum engineering is often pressure measured in millimeters, we simply omit the word "Hg" for the physical transition in micrometer (micron) vacuum systems, typically without "Hg" pressure.
When the vacuum pump shows a pressure of 25 microns, this is the last vacuum produced by this pump, measured in microns of the mercury column. Of course, no one uses a Torricelli gauge to measure such low pressures.
Use other instruments such as a McLeod gauge (vacuum gauge) to measure low pressure.
Sometimes millimeters of water (1 mmHg = 13,5951 mm of water.). The United States and Canada also use the "v. Hg" (inHg). 1 inches of mercury = 3386389 kPa at 0 °C
| 1 N/m² | 10-5 | 10.197 10-6 | 9.8692 10-6 | 7,500 10-3 | 1.0197 10-4 | 145.04 10-6 |
| 105 | 1 106 dynes/cm² | 1,0197 | 0,98692 | 750,06 | 10197 | 14,504 |
| 98066,5 | 0.980665 | 1 kgf / cm² | 0,96784 | 735,56 | 10 | 14223 |
| 101325 | 1,01325 | 1033 | 1 atm | 760 | 10:33 | 14,696 |
| 133,322 | 1.3332 10-3 | 1.3595 10-3 | 1.3158 10-3 | 1 mmHg Art. | 13.595 10-3 | 19.337 10-3 |
| 9806,65 | 9 80665 10-2 | 0,1 | 0.096784 | 73556 | 1 m of water. Art. | 1,4223 |
| 6894,76 | 68 948 10-3 | 70.307 10-3 | 68 046 10-3 | 51,715 | 0,70307 | 1 lb/in² |
see also [| the code]
Notes [| the code]
To find out how many millimeters of mercury are in the atmosphere, you need to use a simple web calculator. Enter the number of millimeters of mercury you want to change in the left box. In the field on the right you will see the result of the calculation.
If you need to convert millimeters to mercury or other atmospheric units, click on the appropriate link.
What is "millimeter mercury"
Additional system millimeter of mercury (mmHg)
R. mmHg Art.), sometimes called "torr", is equal to 101 325/760 ≈ 133 322 368 4 Pa. Atmospheric pressure was measured with a mercury barometer, hence the name of this unit of measure. At sea level, atmospheric pressure is approximately 760 mm Hg. Art. or 101 325 Pa, so the value is 101 325/760 Pa. This device is traditionally used in vacuum technology, blood pressure measurements and weather reporting.
Unit converter
Some instruments measure millimeters of water (1 mmHg, V = 13951 mm of water, V.) and "Hg" (Hg) = 3.386389 kPa at 0° found in the United States and Canada C .
What is "atmosphere"
A non-systematic pressure measurement unit that approximates atmospheric pressure at global sea level.
In addition, two units are the technical atmosphere (at, at) and the normal, standard or physical atmosphere (atm, atm). One technical atmosphere is a single perpendicular force of 1 kg of force on a flat surface of 1 cm2.
1 at. = 98.066.5 Pa. The standard atmosphere is a 760 mm mercury column with a mercury density of 13,595.04 kg/m³ and zero temperature.
1 atm = 101 325 Pa = 1.0323233 at. Russian Federation uses only the technical atmosphere.
In the past, the terms "ata" and "ati" were used for absolute and gauge pressure. Overpressure is the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure when the absolute is greater than atmospheric pressure.
The difference between atmospheric and absolute pressure, when the absolute pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, is called vacuum (vacuum).
The definition of atmospheric pressure is very simple - it is Atmosphere pressure that is in it and on the surface of the planet. In other words, atmospheric pressure is the pressure of one column, which is on top, with an area of 1 square meter.
Atmospheric pressure measurement
The pressure units are pascal, rods and millimeters of mercury. The latter is used in barometers (special measuring instruments) and understandable ordinary people, as many people use barometers.
Many people know that 760 mm of mercury normal pressure(this is the atmospheric pressure at sea, since it is accepted as the norm). Just add that it's ok at 0°C.
Another popular unit of measurement that is often used in physics is the pascal. The value of 101325 Pa is called normal pressure and corresponds to 760 mm of mercury.
Well, the last unit of measure is the bat.
1 bar = 100,000 Pa. In this case, the normal pressure is 1.01325 bar.
Has anyone heard the expression one atmosphere or three atmospheres, for example?
mercury mercury
Thus, the atmosphere in this case is called normal pressure (which we talked about above). But a pressure equal to three atmospheres cannot be called normal, since it is three times higher than normal.
To simplify the calculation, in the concept of chemistry standard atmospheric pressure.
This is almost the same as normal - 100,000 Pa (100 kPa) or 1 bar.
Man is far from being the king of nature, but her child, an integral part of the universe. We live in a world where everything is strictly interconnected and subject to one single system.
Everyone knows that the Earth is surrounded by a dense air mass, which is usually called the atmosphere. And on every object, including the human body, it “compresses” an air column that has a certain weight. Scientists experimentally found that for every square centimeter human body atmospheric pressure weighing 1033 kilograms.
And if you do simple mathematical calculations, it turns out that the average person is under pressure of 15550 kg.
The weight is huge, but thankfully it's completely insensitive. Perhaps this is due to the fact that dissolved oxygen exists in human blood.
What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on a person? A little more about this.
Atmospheric pressure norm
Doctors who talk about what atmospheric pressure is considered normal show a range of 750 ... 760 mm Hg.
Such a distribution is quite acceptable, since the relief of the planet is not entirely uniform.
Meteorological dependence
Doctors say that some people's bodies can adapt to all conditions.
Even such serious tests as long-distance flights from one climatic zone to another are not at all for them.
At the same time, others who do not leave their homes feel the approach of weather changes. This can come in the form of severe headaches, unexplained weakness, or constantly wet hands, for example.
These people are more likely to have vascular and endocrine disorders than others.
It is especially difficult if the atmospheric pressure is a sharp jump in a short time. According to statistics, most of the people whose body reacts so strongly to changes in atmospheric pressure are women living in major cities.
Unfortunately, the rigid rhythm of life, overpopulation, ecology are not the best followers of health.
If you want, you can get rid of the addiction. Just keep going and constantly have to be. Methods are known to all. This is the basis of a healthy lifestyle: hardening, swimming, walking, running, healthy eating, adequate sleep, elimination bad habits, weight loss.
How does our body react to increased atmospheric pressure?
Atmospheric pressure (standard for humans) is an ideal 760 mm Hg. But this indicator is very rare.
Due to the increase in atmospheric pressure, clear weather conditions, there are no sharp changes in humidity and air temperature. Such changes actively respond to the body of hypertension and allergies.
In a situation in the city, without wind, it is natural to pollute the gas.
First, patients with respiratory diseases.
An increase in atmospheric pressure also affects the immune system.
Conversion of millimeters of mercury to the atmosphere
This is reflected in the decrease in leukocytes in the blood. A weakened body will not easily control infections.
Doctors advise:
Start your day with light morning exercises. Take a contrast shower. For breakfast, give priority to foods that contain a lot of potassium (cottage cheese, raisins, dried apricots, bananas). Don't allow more food.
Do not eat. This day is not the most successful for great physical effort and emotions. When you get home, take a break from one hour, do your usual homework, leave early.
Low atmospheric pressure and good health
Low atmospheric pressure, that's how much? You can answer the conditional question if the barometer reading is less than 750 mm.st. But it all depends on where you live.
Especially for Moscow, the figures are 748-749 mm Hg. are the norm.
Among the first, I think it is an aberration of the "core" and those with intracranial pressure. Complaints in general are nausea, frequent migraines, lack of oxygen, shortness of breath and pain in the intestines.
Doctors advise:
Get your blood pressure back to normal.
Reduce physical activity. Every working hour brings ten minutes of rest. Drink fluids more often green tea with honey. Drink your morning coffee. Take the herbal tinctures indicated for sails. Relax in the evening under a contrast shower. Go to bed before your usual hour.
How changes in humidity affect your body
Low humidity of 30-40% is not useful. This irritates the nasal mucosa. First, these abnormalities are the first, asthma and allergies.
To help in this case, the nosopharynx mucosa can be moistened with a slightly saline aqueous solution.
Frequent precipitation, of course, increases the humidity of the air to 70-90 percent. It also has a negative effect on health.
High humidity can cause worsening of chronic kidney and joint diseases.
Doctors advise:
If possible, change the climate to dry. Reduce holding time in wet weather. Go for a walk in warm clothes. Remember vitamins
Atmospheric pressure and temperature
The optimum temperature for a person in a room is not higher than +18.
This is especially true for the bedroom.
How does the interaction between atmospheric pressure and oxygen develop?
In the case of an increase in air temperature and a simultaneous decrease in atmospheric pressure, people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory organs suffer.
If the temperature drops and atmospheric pressure rises, it becomes bad for hypertensives, asthmatics, and patients with stomach and genitourinary problems.
In the case of sharp and multiple fluctuations in temperature in the body, unbearable a large number of histamine, the main causative agent that causes allergies.
Good to know
What is normal atmospheric pressure for a person you know now?
This is 760 mm Hg. St., but such barometers are very rare.
It is also important to know that the change in atmospheric pressure with height (during a rapid descent) is quite dramatic. Because of this difference, a person who quickly climbs a mountain can lose consciousness.
In Russia, atmospheric pressure is measured in mm Hg. Art. But the international system has its own unit of measure, the pascal.
At the same time, the normal atmospheric pressure in pascals will be 100 kPa. If you convert our 760mmHg. in Pascal, the normal atmospheric pressure in Pascals for our country will be 101.3 kPa.
Atmospheric pressure is created by the air shell and all objects on the surface of the Earth experience it. The reason is that air, like everything else, is attracted to the globe by gravity. In weather reports, atmospheric pressure information is given in millimeters of mercury. But this is an off-system unit. Officially, pressure, as a physical quantity, in SI since 1971 is expressed in "pascals", equal to a force of 1 N acting on a surface of 1 m2. Accordingly, there is a transition "mm. rt. Art. in pascals.
The origin of this unit is associated with the name of the scientist Evangelista Torricelli. It was he who in 1643, together with Viviani, measured atmospheric pressure using a tube from which air was pumped out. It was filled with mercury, which has the highest density among liquids (13,600 kg/m3). Subsequently, a vertical scale was attached to the tube, and such an instrument was called a mercury barometer. In Torricelli's experiment, the mercury column, balancing the external air pressure, was set at a height of 76 cm or 760 mm. It was taken as a measure of air pressure. Value 760 mm. rt. st is considered normal atmospheric pressure at 0°C at sea level latitude. It is known that atmospheric pressure is very variable and fluctuates during the day. This is due to temperature change. It also decreases with height. Indeed, in the upper layers of the atmosphere, the density of air becomes less.
Using a physical formula, it is possible to convert millimeters of mercury to pascals. To do this, you need the density of mercury (13600kg / m3) multiplied by the acceleration of gravity (9.8 kg / m3) and multiplied by the height of the mercury column (0.6m). Accordingly, we obtain a standard atmospheric pressure of 101325 Pa or approximately 101 kPa. Hectopascals are still used in meteorology. 1 hPa = 100 Pa. And how many pascals will be 1 mm. rt. st? To do this, divide 101325 Pa by 760. We get the desired dependence: 1 mm. rt. st \u003d 3.2 Pa or about 3.3 Pa. Therefore, if required, for example, translate 750 mm. rt. Art. in pascals, you just need to multiply the numbers 750 and 3.3. The resulting answer will be the pressure measured in pascals.
Interestingly, in 1646, the scientist Pascal used a water barometer to measure atmospheric pressure. But since the density of water is less than the density of mercury, the height of the water column was much higher than that of mercury. Scuba divers are well aware that atmospheric pressure is the same as at a depth of 10 meters underwater. Therefore, the use of a water barometer causes some inconvenience. Although the advantage is that water is always at hand and is not poisonous.
Non-systemic units of pressure are widely used today. In addition to meteorological reports, millimeters of mercury are used in many countries to measure blood pressure. In the human lungs, pressure is expressed in centimeters of water column. In vacuum technology, millimeters, micrometers, and inches of mercury are used. Moreover, vacuum workers most often omit the words "mercury column" and talk about pressure, measured in millimeters. But mm. rt. Art. no one translates to pascals. Vacuum systems assume too low pressures compared to atmospheric. After all, vacuum means "airless space."
Therefore, here we already have to talk about a pressure of several micrometers or microns of mercury. And the actual measurement of pressure is carried out using special pressure gauges. So the McLeod vacuum gauge compresses the gas with a modified mercury manometer, maintaining a stable state of the gas. The device technique has the highest accuracy, but the measurement method takes a lot of time. Not always translation into pascals is of practical importance. After all, thanks to the once conducted experience, the existence of atmospheric pressure was clearly proven, and its measurement became publicly available. So on the walls of museums, art galleries, libraries you can find simple devices - barometers that do not use liquids. And their shala is graduated for convenience both in millimeters of mercury and in pascals.
Approximately one third of the population of our planet is sensitive to changes environment. Most of all, human well-being is affected by atmospheric pressure - the attraction of air masses to the Earth. What atmospheric pressure is considered normal for a person depends on the area in which he stays most of the time. Everyone will feel comfortable in the conditions familiar to him.
What is atmospheric pressure
The planet is surrounded by an air mass, which, under the influence of gravity, presses on any object, including the human body. The force is called atmospheric pressure. A column of air weighing approximately 100,000 kg presses on each square meter. Atmospheric pressure is measured special device- barometer. It is measured in pascals, millimeters of mercury, millibars, hectopascals, atmospheres.
The normal atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Art., or 101 325 Pa. The discovery of the phenomenon belongs to the famous physicist Blaise Pascal. The scientist formulated the law: at the same distance from the center of the earth (does not matter, in the air, at the bottom of the reservoir), the absolute pressure will be the same. He was the first to propose measuring heights by barometric equalization.
Atmospheric pressure norms by region
It is impossible to find out what atmospheric pressure is considered normal for a healthy person - there is no definite answer. The impact varies across regions of the world. Within a relatively small area, this value can vary markedly. For example, in Central Asia, slightly elevated figures are considered standard (average 715-730 mm Hg). For central Russia, normal atmospheric pressure is 730-770 mm Hg. Art.
The indicators are related to the elevation of the surface above sea level, wind direction, humidity and ambient temperature. Warm air weighs less than cold. Over an area with elevated temperature or humidity, the compression of the atmosphere is always less. People living in high mountain areas are not sensitive to such barometer readings. Their body was formed in these conditions, and all organs underwent appropriate adaptation.
How pressure affects people
The ideal value is 760 mm Hg. Art. What awaits when the mercury column fluctuates:
- Change optimal performance(up to 10 mm / h) already leads to a deterioration in well-being.
- With a sharp increase, decrease (on average by 1 mm / h), even in healthy people, there is a significant deterioration in well-being. There is a headache, nausea, loss of working capacity.
Meteorological dependence
Human sensitivity to weather conditions - wind changes, geomagnetic storms - is called meteorological dependence. The influence of atmospheric pressure on is not yet fully understood. It is known that when weather conditions change, internal tension is created inside the vessels and cavities of the body. Meteorological dependence can be expressed:
- irritability;
- pains of various localization;
- exacerbation of chronic diseases;
- general deterioration of well-being;
- vascular problems.
In most cases, weather dependence affects people with the following diseases:
- respiratory diseases;
- hypo- and hypertension.
Response to high blood pressure
A decrease in the barometer by at least 10 units (770 mm Hg and below) has a negative impact on health. People with long-standing diseases of the cardiovascular and digestive systems are especially affected by weather changes. Doctors on such days recommend reducing physical activity, being less on the street, and not abusing junk food and alcohol. Among the main reactions:
- feeling of congestion in the ear canals;
- decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood;
- decreased activity of intestinal motility;
- functionality violation of cardio-vascular system;
- poor ability to concentrate.
Reaction to reduced atmospheric pressure
Lowering the compression of the atmosphere to 740 mm or less causes opposite shifts in the body. At the heart of all adverse changes is oxygen starvation. A rarefaction of air is created, a low percentage of oxygen molecules: it becomes harder to breathe. Arise.
In which the pressure is balanced by a column of liquid. It is often used as a liquid because it has a very high density (≈13,600 kg/m³) and low saturation vapor pressure at room temperature.
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 760 mm Hg. Art. Standard atmospheric pressure is assumed to be (exactly) 760 mm Hg. Art. , or 101 325 Pa, hence the definition of a millimeter of mercury (101 325/760 Pa). Previously, a slightly different definition was used: the pressure of a column of mercury with a height of 1 mm and a density of 13.5951 10 3 kg / m³ with a free fall acceleration of 9.806 65 m / s². The difference between these two definitions is 0.000014%.
Millimeters of mercury are used, for example, in vacuum technology, meteorological reports and blood pressure measurements. Since in vacuum technology very often pressure is measured simply in millimeters, omitting the words “mercury column”, the natural transition for vacuum workers to microns (microns) is usually also carried out without indicating “pressure of mercury”. Accordingly, when a pressure of 25 microns is indicated on a vacuum pump, we are talking about the ultimate vacuum created by this pump, measured in microns of mercury. Of course, no one uses a Torricelli pressure gauge to measure such low pressures. To measure low pressures, other instruments are used, for example, a McLeod pressure gauge (vacuum gauge).
Sometimes millimeters of water column are used ( 1 mmHg Art. = 13,5951 mm w.c. Art. ). In the United States and Canada, the unit of measure is "inch of mercury" (symbol - inHg). 1 inHg = 3,386389 kPa at 0 °C.
| Pascal (Pa, Pa) |
Bar (bar, bar) |
technical atmosphere (at, at) |
physical atmosphere (atm, atm) |
millimeter of mercury (mmHg,mmHg, Torr, Torr) |
Water column meter (m water column, m H 2 O) |
Pound-force per sq. inch (psi) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pa | 1 / 2 | 10 −5 | 10.197 10 −6 | 9.8692 10 −6 | 7.5006 10 −3 | 1.0197 10 −4 | 145.04 10 −6 |
| 1 bar | 10 5 | 1 10 6 dynes / cm 2 | 1,0197 | 0,98692 | 750,06 | 10,197 | 14,504 |
| 1 at | 98066,5 | 0,980665 | 1 kgf / cm 2 | 0,96784 | 735,56 | 10 | 14,223 |
| 1 atm | 101325 | 1,01325 | 1,033 | 1 atm | 760 | 10,33 | 14,696 |
| 1 mmHg | 133,322 | 1.3332 10 −3 | 1.3595 10 −3 | 1.3158 10 −3 | 1 mmHg. | 13.595 10 −3 | 19.337 10 −3 |
| 1 m water Art. | 9806,65 | 9.80665 10 −2 | 0,1 | 0,096784 | 73,556 | 1 m water Art. | 1,4223 |
| 1psi | 6894,76 | 68.948 10 −3 | 70.307 10 −3 | 68.046 10 −3 | 51,715 | 0,70307 | 1lbf/in2 |
see also
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
- Rodchenko, Alexander Mikhailovich
- Shaikhet, Arkady Samoilovich
See what "Millimeter of mercury" is in other dictionaries:
- (mm Hg, mm Hg), off-system units. pressure; 1 mmHg st. \u003d 133.332 Pa \u003d 1.35952 10 3 kgf / cm2 \u003d 13.595 mm of water. Art. Physical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia. Editor-in-Chief A. M. Prokhorov. 1983. MILLIME ... Physical Encyclopedia
Off-system unit pressure, appl. when measuring atm. water vapor pressure, high vacuum, etc. Designation: rus. - mm Hg Art., Intern. — mm Hg. 1 mmHg Art. equal to the hydrostatic pressure of a column of mercury with a height of 1 mm and a density of 13.5951 ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook
Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- - off-system unit. pressure; 1 mmHg st. \u003d 133.332 Pa \u003d 1.35952 10 3 kgf / cm2 \u003d 13.595 mm of water. Art. [Physical Encyclopedia. In 5 volumes. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia. Editor-in-Chief A. M. Prokhorov. 1988.] Rubric term: General terms ... ... Encyclopedia of terms, definitions and explanations of building materials
Off-system unit of pressure; designation: mmHg Art. 1 mmHg Art. \u003d 133.322 Pa \u003d 13.5951 mm of water column. * * * MILLIMETER OF MERCURY MILLIMETER OF MERCURY, off-system unit of pressure; designation: mmHg Art. 1 mmHg Art. = 133.322 ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Torr, a non-systemic unit of pressure used to measure atmospheric pressure of water vapor, high vacuum, etc. Designation: Russian mm Hg. Art., international mm Hg. 1 mm of mercury is equal to hydrostatic ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Metallurgy
- (mmHg) unit of pressure, as a result of which the mercury in the column rises by 1 millimeter. 1 mmHg Art. = 133.3224 Pa ... Dictionary in medicine
Torr, a non-systemic unit of pressure used to measure atmospheric pressure, partial pressure of water vapor, high vacuum, etc. Symbols: Russian mm Hg. Art., international mm Hg. 1 mmHg see equals ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Unusable off-system units. pressure. Designation mmHg Art. 1 mmHg Art. \u003d 133.322 Pa (see Pascal) ... Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary
Off-system unit of pressure; designation: mmHg Art. 1 mmHg Art. \u003d 133.322 Pa \u003d 13.5951 mm of water. st ... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary
Man is far from being the king of nature, but rather her child, an integral part of the universe. We live in a world where everything is strictly interconnected and subject to a single system.
Everyone knows that the Earth is surrounded by a dense air mass, which is commonly called the atmosphere. And any object, including the human body, is “pressed” by an air column that has a certain weight. Scientists empirically managed to establish that each square centimeter of the human body is affected by atmospheric pressure weighing 1.033 kilograms. And if you carry out simple mathematical calculations, it turns out that on average a person is under pressure of 15550 kg.
The weight is colossal, but, fortunately, completely imperceptible. Perhaps this is due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in human blood.
What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on a person? A little more about this.
Atmospheric pressure norm
Doctors, in a conversation about what atmospheric pressure is considered normal, indicate a range of 750 ... .760 mm Hg. Such a spread is quite acceptable, since the relief of the planet is not perfectly even.
Meteorological dependence
Doctors say that the body of some people is able to adapt to any conditions. They do not even care about such serious tests as long-distance flights by plane from one climatic zone to another.
At the same time, others, without leaving their apartment, feel the approach of changes in the weather. This can manifest itself in the form of severe headaches, inexplicable weakness, or constantly wet palms, for example. Such people are more likely to be diagnosed with diseases of the vessels and the endocrine system.
It is especially difficult when atmospheric pressure makes a sharp jump in a short time. According to statistics, most of the people whose body reacts so violently to changes in atmospheric pressure indicators are women living in large cities. Unfortunately, the rigid rhythm of life, overcrowding, ecology are not the best companions of health.
You can get rid of addiction if you want. You just need to be persistent and consistent. Everyone knows the methods. These are the basics of a healthy lifestyle: hardening, swimming, walking, running, healthy eating, adequate sleep, elimination of bad habits, weight loss.
How does our body react to increased atmospheric pressure?
Atmospheric pressure (norm for a person) - ideally 760 mm Hg. But such an indicator is very rarely kept.
As a result of an increase in pressure in the atmosphere, clear weather is established, there are no sharp changes in humidity and air temperature. The body of hypertensive patients and allergy sufferers actively reacts to such changes.
In the conditions of the city, in calm weather, naturally, gas pollution makes itself felt. The first to feel this are patients who have a problem with the respiratory organs.
An increase in atmospheric pressure also affects the immune system. Specifically, this is expressed in a decrease in leukocytes in the blood. It will not be easy for a weakened body to cope with infections.
Doctors advise:
Start the day with light morning exercises. Take a contrast shower. For breakfast, give preference to foods that are high in potassium (cottage cheese, raisins, dried apricots, bananas). Don't allow yourself to eat too much. Don't overeat. This day is not the most successful for great physical effort and the manifestation of emotions. Arriving home, rest for an hour, do routine household chores, go to bed earlier than usual.
Low atmospheric pressure and well-being
Low atmospheric pressure, how much is it? Answering the question, we can conditionally say if the barometer reading is lower than 750 mm Hg. But it all depends on where you live. In particular, for Moscow, indicators of 748-749 mm Hg. are the norm.
Among the first to feel this deviation from the norm are “cores” and those who have intracranial pressure. They complain of general weakness, frequent migraines, lack of oxygen, shortness of breath, as well as pain in the intestines.
Doctors advise:
Get yours right blood pressure. reduce physical activity. Include ten minutes of rest in every working hour. Drink more liquid, preferring green tea with honey. Drink morning coffee. Take herbal tinctures indicated for cores. Relax in the evenings under a contrast shower. Go to bed earlier than usual.
How changes in humidity affect the body
Low air humidity of 30 - 40 percent is not useful. It irritates the nasal mucosa. Asthmatics and allergy sufferers are the first to feel this deviation. In this case, moisturizing the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx with a slightly salty aqueous solution can help.
Frequent precipitation naturally raises the air humidity to 70-90 percent. It also negatively affects health.
High air humidity can exacerbate chronic diseases of the kidneys and joints.
Doctors advise:
Change the climate, if possible, to dry. Reduce your time outdoors in wet weather. Go for a walk in warm clothes. Remember vitamins
Atmospheric pressure and temperature
The optimum temperature for a person in a room is not higher than +18. This is especially true for the bedroom.
How is the mutual influence of atmospheric pressure and oxygen formed?
In the case of an increase in air temperature and a simultaneous decrease in atmospheric pressure, people with diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory organs suffer.
If the temperature drops and atmospheric pressure rises, it becomes bad for hypertensive patients, asthmatics and those who have problems with the stomach and genitourinary system.
In the case of a sharp and repeated fluctuation in temperature, an unacceptably large amount of histamine, the main provocateur of allergies, is produced in the body.
Good to know
What is the normal atmospheric pressure for a person, now you know. This is 760 mm Hg, but the barometer records such indicators very rarely.
It is also important to remember that the change in atmospheric pressure with height (while it rapidly decreases) occurs quite sharply. It is because of such a drop that a person climbing a mountain very quickly can lose consciousness.
In Russia, atmospheric pressure is measured in mm Hg. But international system takes pascals as the unit of measure. In this case, the normal atmospheric pressure in pascals will be equal to 100 kPa. If we convert our 760 mm Hg. in pascals, then the normal atmospheric pressure in pascals for our country will be 101.3 kPa.