If the bath is designed with rooms on the second floor or if the building has an attic, steps will be needed to equip it. Given the specifics of this room, choosing stairs for a bath is not always easy.
Features of staircase structures for a bath
When equipping a bath, you should take into account the following aspects of the staircase design:
- Dimensions;
- Tilt angle;
- Material resistance to high humidity;
- Safety;
- The stylistic direction of the room.
First and essential condition is the compactness of the steps. However, this should not interfere with compliance with safety regulations. According to the regulations, the minimum width of the march should be 1 m, and the width of the feet should be at least 20 cm. As for the angle of inclination, an angle of 45º is considered optimal.
Stair configurations may vary. A simple and reliable solution is a straight single-flight ladder. There are more intricate options: a turning march with winder steps or a design with an intermediate platform. However, it is not recommended to install a spiral staircase in the bath, despite its originality and compactness.
To save space, goose step stairs are suitable. Due to the different width of the treads, it becomes more compact.
It is important that the steps meet the style requirements of the building and do not stand out from the general style. It is better to install a flight of stairs made of wood in a bath in a traditional style or made in the spirit of minimalism. As for metal structures, they will fit into high-tech or techno styles. For non-traditional Turkish baths, stone steps will be a harmonious solution.
Materials for flights of stairs
What material is the staircase in the bath made of? We must not forget about high level humidity in this room. If we are talking about a wooden structure, you should pay attention to rocks that are resistant to decay. Among them are larch, ash, wenge.
If the owners settled on metal steps, stainless steel is most suitable. It is not subject to corrosion and deformation, therefore it can be used in wet room. Turkish bath owners will need a solid stone staircase. Among the materials, granite and artificial stone can be distinguished. When choosing the latter, it is recommended to combine it with a concrete base.
Additional ladder structures
If there are shelves and an attic, additional structures may be needed. This applies to mini ladders for high shelves. If there is such a structure made of wood, it must be well processed so that there are no notches on the crossbars. At the same time, it should not be slippery to avoid injury. If the bath has an attic, you can install a folding or retractable ladder.
How to equip a sauna in a bath - video
Modern suburban or country houses they rarely build one-story buildings, mainly two-story, three-story or one-story buildings with an attic floor. In this case, there is always a need to somehow make high-quality movement between floors possible. A good solution would be to manufacture wooden stairs that could provide a comfortable entry and carry of heavy furniture or equipment. Let's just say that this is not an easy task. And if it is possible to order at least a project or even finished items stairs from the manufacturer, it is better to do so. Well, if you are confident in your abilities, have carpentry skills and free time, you can try to make a staircase yourself. Within the framework of this article, we will briefly talk about what design stairs are, how to perform the calculation and how to make a staircase.
- Elements of wooden stairs
- Calculation wooden stairs
- Ladder length
- Stringer length
Construction of a wooden staircase
It is necessary to choose the design of the stairs based on the space that can be used, the convenience of location, configuration and lifting, as well as for aesthetic reasons.
Conditionally everything wooden stairs can be divided into screw and marching.
Spiral stairs are used quite rarely. Mostly in extremely tight spaces. The second reason may be the desire of the owner - for aesthetic reasons. It is worth noting that the spiral staircases are not very functional. For example, it is extremely difficult to bring heavy furniture along it. In other words, it can serve only for the descent - the ascent of one person. For its manufacture, complex calculations will be required, since it will rely on one pillar - a support. The slightest mistake in the calculation of strength can lead to sad consequences.
Marching stairs- the most common. They consist of their marches, they are also called "flight of stairs", i.e. directly the steps and platforms that separate the marches. Marches can be either one or several. And there may be no platforms at all if the stairs are single-flight.
Marching stairs may have different design You can see them in detail in the diagram below.
There are straight marching stairs. At the same time, they can be single-march and two-march, separated by a platform for ease of movement. Such stairs can be located against the wall or not lean against the wall at all. characteristic feature straight stairs is that they take up a lot of space.
Most often, to save space and ease of use between floors inside the house, two-flight turning stairs are made. The rotation can be right angle (90°) or any other angle up to 180°.
March may have curvilinear design with a convenient angle for entering the stairs. In this case, all steps can also be rotary.
Also, two-flight and three-flight stairs may not have platforms, but only turning steps.
In order to choose the right staircase design for a particular situation, it is necessary to measure the free space that can be used under the stairs, make small calculations and draw a drawing. The drawing should show how the staircase is located, whether its elements interfere and how comfortable it will be.
Elements of wooden stairs
The above photo shows the elements that make up the stairs, and their names are indicated.
Kosour is a load-bearing beam that supports steps and risers from below. It bears all the loads.
bowstring also performs a support-bearing function. At the same time, there are recesses in it, into which the steps are inserted with the butt. This design is used on the one hand, if the staircase is adjacent to the wall, and on both sides, if the march is sandwiched between two walls. The bowstring is less preferable than the kosour due to the fact that it is not able to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, even if the stairs adjoin the wall, they still try to complete it on the stringers.
steps for stairs - wooden beams, consist of a tread (horizontal) and a riser (vertical). We step on the surface of the tread with our feet. And the riser is a vertical beam under the step, which encloses the tread space and performs a supporting function. It is possible to make stairs without a riser, in which case the step space will be free, the leg will not rest, but the structure will be less durable and reliable.
Steps can be rectangular, radius for a beautiful entry to the stairs, turning at a certain angle to replace the dividing platform and running - the first step of a non-standard shape.
railing for stairs - wooden balusters and handrails. Their shape and size may vary. Basically, railings are made to order, in the form that the customer wishes.
If the staircase is more than one-flight, its design includes support post or pillars at the turning points of the stairs.
Before proceeding with the manufacture of stairs, it is imperative to make calculations and complete a drawing. Wooden drawings for stairs are made both independently and with the help of special architectural programs. In the latter, you can also perform calculations. A good solution would be to contact companies specializing in wooden stairs. So you can be sure of the quality and accuracy of the calculations.
Calculation of a wooden staircase
Number of steps and riser height
To determine the height of the stairs, we measure the distance from the base of the finished floor of the first floor to the finished floor of the second floor. If the finishing floor is not yet equipped, then its dimensions must be laid on the basis of "by eye". Because the wooden staircase becomes only on the final floor. AT this case we assume that the height from floor to ceiling is 250 cm, the thickness interfloor overlap together with the floor - 35 cm. Total 285 cm.
We make a calculation, starting from the height of the riser. The fact is that most often this size is standard and ranges from 15.2 to 19.7 cm. It is believed that this height is the most optimal for ease of use. Smaller - will knock down the step. Large - too heavy to climb and difficult to descend. From this interval we take the average value (you can take any) - 17 cm.
Number of steps = ladder height / riser height;
Since the number of steps cannot be uneven, we round up - 17 pieces.
In doing so, we have two options. We can make the first winder step small, and the rest with a riser of 17 cm. Or we can recalculate and get a more accurate, but uneven result.
To do this, we divide the height of the stairs by the number of steps: 285/17 \u003d 16.76 cm.
So we can complete 17 identical steps with riser height 16.7 cm.
It is believed that the minimum tread width for convenience should be 22 cm, and the maximum 37 - 40 cm. If less, it will be difficult to descend, if more, the step will go astray.
For a more accurate calculation, there is a dependence:
- 2a + b = 64 cm;
- a + b = 47 cm;
a is the height of the riser;
b is the width of the tread.
Let's try the second formula: 47 cm - 16.7 cm = 30.3 cm. This width is quite acceptable, we can round it up to 30 cm.
For the sake of interest, we calculate according to the second formula: 2a + 16.7 = 64; a = 23.65 cm. This width is too small, so we will use the data obtained from the previous formula.
The width of the march of the wooden stairs
In principle, the width of the march is not strictly regulated in any way, but the number of marches will depend on the place that can be used for the stairs.
It is believed that the minimum comfortable width of the march is 80 cm. If the stairs are narrower, there will be difficulties with the passage of full people or with the passage of furniture. Options from 100 to 140 cm will be successful.
In order for the whole structure of the stairs to look organic, you can use the following hint: the width of the march should be a multiple of the width of the tread. In our case, these are 60 cm, 90 cm, 120 cm and 160 cm.
Ladder length
To calculate the length of the stairs, we need only two values that we have already calculated, this is the width of the tread and the number of steps.
Stair length = tread width * number of steps(without the last one - this will be the floor of the second floor);
30 * 16 = 480 cm.
4 meters and 80 cm- a rather large length, which "eats" a lot of space.
Therefore, if it is not possible to equip such a staircase in one flight and straight, you will have to change the design and make it two-flight with a turn of 180 °. In this case, you can make a dividing platform, or you can make turning steps. It is most convenient to make such calculations in special programs, where the location of the elements of the stairs will also be clearly visible.
Clearance height above steps
An important parameter. The beginning of the flight of stairs almost always falls under the ceiling, thus reducing the free space above the head of the person walking up the stairs.
Even at the stage of creating a drawing, it is necessary to calculate the height from the highest step, located under the ceiling, to the ceiling. The minimum allowable value that can provide a comfortable entry to the stairs, even the most tall people, is 195 - 200 cm.
Stringer length
Calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.
Ladder length2 + ladder height2 = kosour length2;
4802+2852= stringer length2;
230400 + 81225 = stringer length2;
Stringer length = 558,23 cm. We take with a margin of 560 or 580 cm.
How to make a wooden staircase
by the most simple solution will order from the company a project and ready-made elements of the stairs, with all the necessary cutouts. All elements will be numbered. After the unassembled stairs are delivered to the construction site, wooden stairs are assembled according to the attached drawing and diagram. So you don't have to buy special tool for pruning and dusting in the house.
We buy material for a wooden staircase
If you decide to do self-assembly wooden stairs, start by buying building materials.
For bowstrings or stringers, a beam of 50 * 250 mm is required. Minimum Width it can be 150 mm if the design of the stairs allows.
For risers, we purchase beams with a minimum thickness of 25 mm, you can take thicker ones.
For beam treads, it is better to take from 30 to 40 mm. And you can the same as for the risers.
We order handrails and balusters from the manufacturer or buy ready-made ones, since in order to make them yourself and beautifully, you need to have considerable experience, knowledge and skills.
Install stringers or bowstrings
We cut the beam, which we bought for the stringers, from above and below so that we get the required length of the stairs. Then from below we cut off another thickness of one tread, i.e. 5 cm
Important! The fact is that when we did the calculation of the number of treads, we did not take into account the thickness of the steps. It is really not important for the whole structure, except for the first step - its height does not increase by the thickness of the tread.
We cut off the excess. It is better to use a jigsaw or a saw. But for lack of it, you can use a hand saw.
Then we attach the kosour to the place where the ladder will stand. Its upper edge should rest against the ceiling, and the lower one should rest firmly against the floor of the first floor. We check the horizontalness of the cuts for the steps.
Important! We need two such stringers, but depending on the loads that the staircase must withstand, there may be more stringers. In this case, we cut out all the others, using the first one as a template.
Thoroughly sand all surfaces. If necessary, we mill the outer edges, making roundings (for beauty).
At the bottom and at the top of the stringers must be connected to each other by a beam. To do this, cut them a quarter from the bottom and top. We fix to a thick beam with anchor bolts. If it is possible to fix the stringers to the walls, then we also use anchors.
If we use one bowstring, then it must be cut to the required length. Then cut out holes inside with a cutter - recesses for steps. The bowstring is fixed to the wall with anchors.
Important! Checking correct location bowstrings and kosour on the other hand, they should be located on the same level so that the steps do not have a slope.
Install steps and risers
After the stringers are tightly fixed, we begin to put the risers.
To do this, we cut the beam into the required number of risers of a certain length. We level them relative to each other and sand them.
Fasten to the kosour with self-tapping screws front side. Then we putty them or hide them under decorative elements. You can also use special glue.
When all the risers are installed, proceed to the steps - treads.
To do this, we also saw the beam into the number of steps minus one. Then we skin their surface and mill the protruding outer edge with an angle.
Then we put them on top of the risers and fix them with self-tapping screws or screws.
Important! If we use the bowstring on one side, then we insert the step into the groove cut out in the bowstring, having previously glued the edge of the step and the hole in the bowstring.
We install the balusters on the steps and fix them with studs 100 mm long and 8 mm thick.
From above we install and fix the railing with self-tapping screws.
At this point, the work is completed, only the painting of the wooden stairs remains. For better preservation of wood, while preserving its natural beauty, you can use special transparent varnish coatings.
In this article, we examined the manufacture of a single-flight straight wooden staircase with our own hands. If the project involves a staircase of a different design, then the installation will be different. For example, for a two-flight staircase, the platform and the supporting column are first installed and fixed, and then the stringers, risers and steps are already installed. Some steps in this case may not be straight, but rotary and rounded.
Since ancient times, the bath had a limited set of tasks: a person came, steamed, washed himself and went home. To date, the baths are rebuilt in two floors, and the upper level is made residential, but how the construction work is carried out and the further operation of such buildings will be discussed in this article.
Individual features of two-story baths
Modern construction trends are such that a bathhouse with a second floor is represented by a washing room and a steam room on the first floor, and a kitchen block and a living room are located on the second.
This placement has a number of advantages:
- the bath can be used not only for the sake of taking procedures that are beneficial to health, but also as a temporary residential facility. Such a combination becomes especially expedient under conditions suburban area where it is not possible to make two buildings separately due to lack of free space;
- the construction of one two-story building is more economical and takes less time than the construction of several separate buildings;
- It is possible to build such a building both for seasonal living and for year-round use. A sauna with a garage can also be built, which is very practical.
Considering typical projects of a bath with a second floor, you should pay attention to the following parameters:
- linear dimensions of the building;
- type of foundation;
- availability and characteristics of the heating system;
- characteristics of the water supply system and sewage disposal;
- type of installed stairs;
- purpose of the second floor;
- the presence in the construction of a swimming pool or bathing room.
Let's consider each of these parameters in more detail. It should be understood what the design of the two floors of the bath should be in order to get a comfortable, reliable and safe building during construction. It is necessary to think over in advance the plan of the bath and adjacent buildings.
Optimal linear dimensions of the building
First of all, when determining the size of the future bath, it is necessary to take into account the estimated number of people who are inside at the same time. For example, if a washing room is needed for a family of 3-4 people, and it will be used only at the end of a couple of weekends, then there is no need to make a huge room at all. And vice versa, if a bathhouse with a residential second floor will be used all year round, as a full-fledged country-type house, then its dimensions should correspond to a modern cottage. In our country, a sauna in a wooden house is a very popular phenomenon.
In such a building, it is worth adhering to the following rules of internal planning:
- on the ground floor there is a steam room with a shower room (bath, pool or other washing room), but they can be supplemented private room recreation, technical rooms or even small hall for fitness. A corner bath can be designed, which is also very convenient;
- the distribution of rooms on the second floor remains with the owner, but, of course, there should be a bedroom, a kitchen block, possibly a separate dining room and a common living room. But here the owner of the future bath is not limited and, if desired, a balcony or terrace from the street side can even be completed.
Rules for creating a foundation
Choosing the right foundation for a two-story building is very important, since the total weight of the entire structure will be very large, which means that the foundation must be more massive and immersed in the ground than in the case of one-story buildings.
Experts do not recommend paying attention to the columnar foundation, even in cases where a minimum load will be created on it (when building from a foam block or profiled timber). Such a foundation cannot withstand a more significant load, and therefore it is better to take care of safety and pour a concrete monolithic reinforced strip foundation, laying it to a depth below the soil freezing level.
Features of the heating system
If you heat one-story bath It is possible with a standard stove-heater, then for a two-story building this becomes impossible. It is necessary to create an individual design that will heat the upper level of the building.
It is best, of course, to use gas heating if there is access to a centralized gas supply. In this case, you can use a gas boiler with the ability to connect two heating system circuits to distribute heated water through pipelines and heating radiators. However, do not forget about bathing traditions by placing a stove-heater in the steam room and bringing its firebox into the dressing room.
Since the article earlier dealt with the construction of a two-story bathhouse on a suburban area, then, most likely, there will simply be no opportunity to supply gas. In this case, you can use a solid fuel boiler in one of its many modifications.
Water supply and sewerage equipment
A two-story building on a suburban area can be provided with water:
- by connecting to central system water supply;
- from a drilled well or dug well, from which a pump will pump water into the building.
If precipitation often falls in the region and various spontaneous weather manifestations occur, then it would be reasonable to place a well or a well in a closed structure. It is even possible to create them inside the building at the ground floor level, but then a separate area will have to be allocated for this room.
To divert sewage, it is most reasonable to use a septic tank. Its advantage is that wastewater are cleaned and can be further used for agricultural needs.
Types of stairs
In a two-story building, of course, one cannot do without a convenient staircase, which will allow you to quickly and freely move around the floors.
There are two options:
- external staircase suitable only for seasonal use of the bath, since moving around it can become difficult and unsafe when wet, iced, etc .;
- internal staircase is the best option for year-round operation of the building, as it is located indoors and is not exposed to adverse weather conditions.
Purchase of building materials
It's worth saying that two-story bath with a balcony or terrace can be built with your own hands. However, this becomes possible only after the right choice. building materials. One of the most popular materials are foam and cinder blocks.
These materials have significant advantages:
- their light weight ensures minimum load on the foundation;
- blocks can be easily processed: sawed, cut, stabbed or drilled;
- the cost of the material is low, and therefore the cost of the entire building is also reduced;
- blocks are an environmentally friendly material, and therefore completely safe for humans;
- holding speed construction works high, since the individual blocks have precise linear dimensions that simplify their installation.
It can also be used as a building material profiled timber or logs. To date, a bath from a bar with a second floor is really an elite building, but carrying out construction work with lumber is much more difficult and requires special skills from the worker.
The only drawback (condition) in the operation of wood is its immunity to high humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out competent processing of the material and monitor the operating conditions in order to avoid deformations in the first months of the operation of a wooden two-story bath.
Wood also has its positive qualities:
- ecological purity of natural material;
- light weight;
- reduced thermal conductivity;
- ease of processing;
- reliability and long service life with proper processing various formulations protecting from natural and other negative factors.
Outcome
Thus, a two-story bathhouse made of timber or foam block will be an ideal option for organizing living and leisure activities in a suburban area. If such a site is planned to be visited more than 1-2 times a month (exclusively for recreation), then you need to take care of the construction of a full-fledged two-story building with all life support systems: heating, water supply, sewerage, etc.
If you wish, you can entrust the construction work to specialists who will take responsibility for all stages - from the purchase of building materials to installation and putting the bath into operation.
It is not always possible to equip a bath in a separate building on a small plot, but this does not mean that now the bath will turn out to be an unfulfilled dream. attic floor in small houses It can become convenient if a convenient staircase is built in the bathhouse to the second floor, which should take into account a number of requirements for such a structure.
Requirements:
- Safety. To prevent falling when descending, the ladder must be made of a material that does not slip well. This is all the more important because shoes may be damp when leaving the bath;
- Comfort. The angle of inclination should not be more than 40 o.
- Compactness. A bathhouse with a staircase to the second floor, after all, does not belong to those rooms that should attract everyone's attention to themselves - the rise there is usually arranged in the corridor or on the veranda, where there is always not enough space.
What material can the stairs be made of?
The simplest example is a wooden staircase that fits the bill. Wood is sufficiently resistant to excess moisture, especially after treatment with special impregnations that prevent decay. In addition, wood is pleasant to the touch. Usually they choose wood of acacia, oak, yew - species that in themselves are not afraid of high humidity.
Note! Wood can only be used if it is well polished so that it is impossible to drive a splinter, because after the bath, visitors can go down barefoot. However, polishing should not be excessive, so that the steps do not become too slippery.
Types of wooden stairs to the bath
The easiest way to make a regular straight staircase for a bath. This option is possible only if there is enough space - a wide long corridor is ideal for this. A staircase without turns is also the safest for climbing into the bathhouse. But in small houses with a lack of space, this option is completely unacceptable.
There are several particularly popular design options, and one of them is a staircase to the bathhouse on the second floor, the Internet is filled with photos and drawings of which, with direct marches and a platform between them. It can be without risers, which will make the construction easier and simpler.
It must be remembered that a staircase with a platform, being the most acceptable option, still requires more space compared to other types of stairs, which, with limited space, are suitable for baths located on the second floor. For example, a turning staircase can be without a platform using winders, which allow you to make the angle of ascent more gentle. It has practically no drawbacks if the winder steps are calculated carefully enough. In any case, the angle of elevation should not exceed 40°.
If the use of other types of stairs does not allow reaching an acceptable angle of inclination, then the wooden stairs to the second floor in the bath can be spiral, that is, it is formed only by winder steps. However, there are requirements for them that must be met during manufacture - the width should be about one meter, it should not be tightly twisted. The spiral staircase for climbing to the bath is still not often used due to the fact that it is difficult to make it on your own, and it is expensive to order due to the complexity of manufacturing.
How to build a staircase to the bath yourself
Considering that the bath is a secondary room, a ladder for it can be made, relying only on one's own strength. Per basic version it is better to take a staircase with a right angle turn with a platform between flights. After measuring the opening to the second floor and the distance between the floors, calculations are performed to determine the main parameters - the height of the platform, the number of steps, the angle of inclination.
Note! You can do all the calculations using special calculator programs and get an accurate drawing.
We are building a staircase to the second floor to the bathhouse, starting with the manufacture of the platform between the marches - the boards are laid and fixed on the prepared frame. Then they proceed to the kosuors of the lower part - the wooden beams are marked out, recesses are cut out under the steps.
After trying on the steps, the assembly of the lower flight of stairs and installation in place. Exactly according to this principle, the upper flight of stairs is made. After all parts are ready and installed, they are varnished in several layers.
When landscaping country house, many prefer the construction of a bath. The porch is an important structural element of it.
It protects the front part of the building from atmospheric precipitation, and serves as an adornment of the architectural ensemble. The construction of the structure is most often performed from wood or concrete. How to properly attach a porch for a bath, the article will tell.
Finished construction
The use of a log
A bath is a building, most often made of wood, so the porch for it is built of wood, as in the photo. However, the combination different materials during construction, allows you to make the structure quite beautiful and at the same time practical.
What can you make a porch in the bath with your own hands, can be seen from the table:
| Construction material | Peculiarities |
|
|
It is made of logs, bars or boards, and then attached to the bath. Perfect option- supplementing it with a veranda, which gives the structure a more presentable look, and additionally increases the area for placing furniture or flowers on it. |
|
|
The design is distinguished by great strength and durability, it goes well with a bath lined with foam blocks. wooden bath it doesn’t look very attractive, so it’s better to make concrete steps and beat them with wood railings. |
|
|
The side parts of the stairs decorated with bricks have a very beautiful view, on which logs sawn along are placed, acting as steps. |
|
|
Welded metal structure perfectly fits any building, when finishing steps and railings suitable material. But the price of the metal is quite high, besides, the material requires protection against corrosion. |
|
polycarbonate |
Polycarbonate is a unique material that combines qualities such as strength, transparency and flexibility. |
Project development
construction
To develop a project, you need:
- Make a binding of the frame, its load-bearing elements to the facade wall of the building;
- Choose a way to support the ground;
- Determine the type and size of the foundation;
- Choose the height, dimensions of the platform located in front of the front door;
- Calculate the width of the flight of stairs, its slope, the height of the steps;
- Determine the method of finishing the structure, the type and shape of the canopy.
Tip: Before constructing a structure, it is necessary to determine how its space will be used, and what needs to be provided for this in the project.
The project of a bathhouse with a porch, before making a final decision, is reviewed several times and improved.
Calculation of dimensions and number of steps
To attach such a structure, it is necessary to choose materials for its manufacture, and correctly calculate the dimensions of the future structure in order to ensure its convenience and safety during operation.
To calculate optimal sizes, you need to have the following data:
- overall height. This is the distance from ground level to the bottom of the front door.
- The size in the horizontal plane from the two extreme steps, without the depth of the platform in front of the entrance.
- The width of the platform should be slightly larger than the width of the front door.
Steps consist of a horizontal part called a tread and a vertical element called a riser.
A ladder for walking is considered convenient when:
- The sum of the height of the riser and the depth of the tread is 45 cm;
- Tread depth from 20 to 37.5 cm;
- Riser height from 12.5 to 20 cm.
General form
construction
A clear leader among the materials for the construction of the porch is wood, which is in harmony with the chopped bath.
To make a design, you must purchase:
- planed boards;
- timber;
- Lacquer for wood processing;
- Ondulin or metal tile, for the manufacture of the roof of the canopy;
- Concrete M200.
Tip: It should be borne in mind that wooden parts must be processed so that they do not lose their original appearance, and then completely become unusable. To do this, at least after five years, the porch of the bath must be painted with special varnishes for wood.
Installation procedure when completing construction separately to an existing building:
- An exact design plan is drawn, the required number of steps is calculated and their dimensions are determined;
- Under the porch, a concrete base is made, in size, up to 1 meter deep, to prevent the object from sinking;
- Waterproofing is laid on the foundation;
- Four support pillars are placed for the upper part of the structure;
- Fall asleep with rubble, earth;
- The bottom of the logs is pre-treated with bitumen to protect the tree from rotting;
- A frame for the upper platform is assembled, and mounted on support posts, attached to the bath with anchors;
- A ladder is assembled from boards and timber. For convenience, the dimensions of the steps should have the following dimensions: width - 280 - 300 mm; height - 170 mm;
- The staircase connects to the upper platform;
- On anchors, through metal corners, a visor is attached at the top.
Design decor
To decorate the finished structure, you can use different methods:
- To upholster with carved, beautiful boards the gap between the steps and the railing;
- Make wooden curly supports for the visor;
- Install various intricate figures at the entrance to the bath;
- Make various balusters.
To better imagine how to make a wooden porch for a bathhouse with your own hands, you should get acquainted with the video in this article.
Manufacturing of concrete structures
Monolithic concrete is characterized by high strength. Such a 6 by 6 bath will serve for decades. The material for the bath itself, it is best to use foam blocks and / or bricks.
For construction, you must purchase:
- Concrete mix M200;
- Wooden formwork from the board;
- fittings;
- crushed stone;
- Sand;
- Film for waterproofing, roofing material;
- Beam for railings.
Instruction:
- Garbage is removed;
- A pit is dug 600 mm deep;
- Crushed stone is poured at the bottom of the pit with a layer thickness of up to 20 cm;
- Sand is poured from above, 10 cm thick;
- Everything is carefully packed;
- Water is poured to ensure a high-quality sediment of the material;
- Roofing material is laid on top;
- To increase the structural strength of the reinforcement, the porch frame is welded and installed in place;
- The first layer of cement mortar is poured into the pit, evenly distributing it, tamping the voids and checking the horizontal level of the surface with a level so that it is perfectly flat;
- The bottom layer should dry for several days;
- Formwork is being made for the manufacture of steps from boards. To obtain a beautiful pattern, and so that the concrete does not stick strongly to the tree, a textured fabric with a pattern is used;
- To protect the frame from deformation, when the concrete mixture hardens, you need to put wooden spacers;
- Concrete is poured into the frame layer by layer;
- After the concrete dries, it is rubbed. A beautiful, smooth surface is better than any rough one;
- After completion of work, the formwork cannot be removed immediately, it must stand like this for at least seven days.
Finishing
In order for the steps to retain their beautiful appearance for a long time, they need to be finished with clinker tiles, which have an anti-slip layer, or with stone. This finish will give the steps a finished look and decorate them. If there are no more than three steps, the railing can be omitted. The roof for the porch is made the same as in the bath, so that the building looks like one whole building.
How to build a porch to the bath with your own hands, everyone decides for himself. But during construction, you need to be extremely careful, diligent, so that from erroneous calculations, inept actions appearance baths.