2. Classification and characteristics of the range of household refrigerators. Directions of improving their parameters

Household refrigerators and freezers are designed for short-term, as well as long-term storage of perishable foods, semi-finished products and ready-made dishes in chilled or frozen form. The household refrigeration technology market has added an average of 20% annually over the past three years.

Refrigerators - goods of increased demand, a rather representative group in the consumer market, since it includes a wide range of refrigerators of various brands and technical characteristics, and the formation of the preferred structure of the product range in trade is of a certain interest. The modern Russian refrigeration equipment market began to develop at the beginning of the nineties and is currently continuing to actively develop. Estimates of the market capacity, cited in various sources, are quite significantly different. So, according to the estimates of the specialists of the consulting house "Griffin", today the container russian market Refrigeration equipment is 800 million US dollars.

There are many parameters for which modern household refrigerators are classified. The main ones are for the purpose, the principle of operation, layout options, etc.

In our country, the release of refrigerators is due to the requirements of GOST 16317-87 "Electric refrigeration devices". The standard applies to household electrical compression and absorption refrigerators and household household compression refrigerators, designed for storage and (or) freezing of food products in domestic conditions.

In its purpose, refrigeration instruments are divided into refrigerators, freezers and freezer refrigerators.

By the method of obtaining cold - on compression, absorption and thermoelectric.

By the number of chambers - on single-chamber, two-chamber, three-chamber and multi-chamber.

By the installation method - on the floor-type wardrobe, the floor-type table, embedded wall-mounted, embedded.

By the ability to work at maximum ambient temperatures, refrigeration devices are divided into the following classes:

Class A (Refrigerators): SN, N - not higher than 32 ° C; ST - not higher than 38 ° C; T - not higher than 43 ° C.

Class B (freezers and freezer refrigerators): n - not higher than 32 ° C; T - not higher than 43 ° C.

Depending on the temperature in the low-temperature compartment (NTO), the refrigerators are labeled as follows: one asterisk (cooling to -6 ° C); two asterisks (cooling to - 12 s); Three asterisks (cooling up to - 18 ° C).

The designation on the freezer door (MK) is a combination of one large and three small stars. Two-chamber refrigerators are typically marked with four asterisks, which indicates the possibility of freezing products in them from the required C, which preserves their cellular structure.

Depending on the functions performed, refrigeration instruments are divided into groups of complexity.

Function performed	The complexity group and the presence of the function being executed
	0	1	2	3	4	5
Storage of cooled products	+	+	+	+	+	+
Storage of frozen products at temperatures: minus 6 ° C minus 12 ° С minus 18 ° С
Freezing products	-	-	-	-	-
Defrosting products special device	+	-	-	-	-	-
Automatic thawing of the evaporator of the refrigerator (if available)	+	+	+	-	-	+
Automatic or semi-automatic exhausting of NTO evaporator	-	-	-	+	-	-
Manual thawing evaporator NTO	-	-	-	-	+	-
Light alarm on operating modes	+	+	-	-	-	-
Sound alarm on the violation of the rules of operation	+	-	-	-	-	-

Foreign refrigerators are divided into three class of comfort: a functional class; Comfort class; premium class.

The functional class meets the most important functional requirements for the storage conditions of the products and the economy of the refrigerator in operation with an optimal combination of price and quality.

Comfort Class Refrigerators In addition to basic functions and MI-use additional, improving the comfort and convenience of operation.

Premium Class Refrigerators have the largest choice of functions and elements of comfort.

In order for when buying it can be compared, the characteristics of electricity consumption, in European countries, all refrigeration and freezing equipment is supplied with the so-called "Euro-sticker", indicating energy consumed by energy. The devices of all manufacturers are divided into "energy consumption classes" on a five-point scale from A to G:

economical models (color stickers on the case from dark green to yellow-green) - A, B and C;

intermediate class (yellow sticker) - D;

models with high electricity flow (color stickers from orange to red) - E, F and G,

Power consumption of home refrigerators is about 24% of the total energy consumption of home electrical apparatus, exactly so much make up energy consumption for lighting in connection with this one can assume in the future an increase in the production of more advanced energy consumption of devices while simultaneously decreasing the market share of inefficient products.

Household refrigerators for execution options can be classified as:

Universal single-chamber option, classic.

Freezer.

Single-chamber refrigerator without low-temperature compartment.

Two-chamber (multi-chamber) refrigerator.

Refrigerator without Inea (No Frost)

Universal single-chamber option (it is the usual, classic). The refrigerators of this class are made by the simplest scheme with one evaporator, simultaneously performing the role of the low-temperature compartment, this is what is called with a freezer. Designed for storage not large number Products at low temperatures, and storing other products at temperatures close to 0 ° C. In the whole refrigerator, the maximum low temperature in the evaporator, serves an evaporator for storing frozen foods. Cooling the rest of the volume of the refrigerator comes from the evaporator due to the natural convection of the air inside the workspace of the refrigerator under it. The temperature regime is supported by the thermostat, which periodically when the set temperature reaches the electrical circuit, stops the operation of the motor-compressor, as soon as the temperature increases the thermostat, includes a motor-compressor, a closure chain, and the cycle is repeated. The temperature adjustment setting is such that to maintain the temperature in the freezer in the range from - 12 ° C to -18 ° C. The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe evaporator compared to the total volume of the refrigerator is Mala, it does not make it possible to cool the entire volume to unwanted temperatures in which products in the refrigeration unit would move.

Freezer. According to its device, a universal single-chamber version is reminiscent, it is also made with one evaporator with the only difference that the evaporator takes the entire working volume of the chamber, the surface area is large enough with respect to the volume, which allows you to efficiently cool all the space. The temperature adjustment setting is designed in such a way that it would provide the operating temperature in the range from -18 ° C to 24 ° C. It is intended for long-term storage of a fairly large amount of products at low temperatures.

Single-chamber refrigerator without low-temperature compartment. Made according to a simple scheme, with one evaporator, as a rule, vertically along the rear inner wall of the refrigerator. Designed for storage of products in the temperature range from 0 ° C to + 10 ° C. In the design, the heating element is enshrined on the evaporator, the purpose of which to remove the INEA, which is formed during the period of the operating cycle of the motor-compressor. The defrost process occurs every time the thermostat turns off the motor-compressor when the evaporator is cooled to a given temperature. The temperature regulator setting is designed in such a way that the shutdown occurs, as in all refrigerators when the specified temperature is reached, and the inclusion, after it hips the whole other from the evaporator surface. The constant cyclic repeating presence of droplets on the surface of such an evaporator explains its name - the evaporator of the "crying" type. By its design, such a refrigerator is half a two-chamber refrigerator devoid of low-temperature compartment.

Two-chamber (multi-chamber) refrigerator. In the usual embodiment, it is a refrigerator with sequentially connected evaporators, with one compressor collected together in a single housing, but installed in different compartments (cameras). That evaporator, which is cooled primarily installed in the low-temperature compartment (NTO). The evaporator cooled in the second line is set to the positive temperature compartment. The evaporator defrost in the positive temperature compartment occurs automatically. There are, however, layout options in a single case of two (several) independent cooling systems have in their scheme on a separate evaporator for each chamber, which ensures the corresponding number of compressors.

Also there are layout schemes "two in one" when it is possible to connect, or on the contrary to divide, the freezer body and the refrigerator without NTOs.

Refrigerator without Inea (no frost). By its design, it can be both single-chamber and multi-chamber, with a NTO or without, or it can be simply freezer system NO Frost. In the design of such a system, a highly efficient ribbed evaporator, a fan, timer and heating element are used. The applied ribbed evaporator in a pair with a fan provides sufficient cooling of the entire volume of the refrigerator. The timer provides a periodic switching on the refrigerator into defrost mode at certain time intervals. The heating element of the increased power in the defrost mode, rather quickly removes the amount of the ynea that accumulates on the evaporator during the operation of the refrigerator in the operating mode. Thus, the refrigerator and works in cyclically repeating mode, which eliminates the user from the need to defrost it into manual.

Mini refrigerators. This category includes compression, absorption and thermoelectric refrigerators of small size (less than 850 mm high). Compression mini-refrigerators can be used in offices and hotels, as well as for embedding in minibars and showcases. Absorption mini refrigerators are preferable for use in the country or in a tourist trip. They work from a 12-volt car cigarette lighter, from a network of 220 V, 50 Hz or from a gas cartridge-cartridge with gas consumption from 180 to 250 g per day. Thermoelectric mini refrigerators (up to 20 liters) are used as automotive and portable

Directions of improving refrigerator parameters.

CONTRUCTOPOPS WHO NOW "NOWS", A PRODUCTANCE OPERATING AND EXCHAND. Segodnya pynok ppedlagaet dvux-, and tpex- mnogokamepnye xolodilniki and kombinipovannye xolodilniki c kamepami "cvezhecti" veptikalnye and gopizontalnye mopozilniki, a takzhe univepcalnye xolodilniki-mopozilniki and xolodilniki c univepcalnymi kamepami.

Dvuxkamepnye xolodilniki c vepxnim, bottom and bokovym pacpolozheniem mopozilnoy kamepy, c and ectectvennoy ppitnuditelnoy tsipkulyatsiey vozduxa, kombinipovannye xolodilniki c nezavicimym pegulipovaniem tempepatup in kamepax, c komppeccopami 1 and 2, and mnogofunktsionalnye univepcalnye xolodilniki cpocobny udovletvopit zappocy camyx vzyckatelnyx pokupateley. Manyfunctional and murmlessly, the ilelves are made to ensure that the applications and XPOs are used in the pressing of COTING (COMMOX, OXLEM).

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For cemey, upotpeblyayuschix in bolshix kolichectvax oxlazhdennuyu vodu and led, pynok ppedlagaet xolodilniki co vctpoennymi vodooxladitelyami, and ledogenepatopami pazdatochnymi uctpoyctvami, pozvolyayuschimi zapolnit ctakan xolodnoy vodoy, kubikami or kposhevom lda, ne otkpyvaya dvepi xolodilnika. In two days, there are baps with hot twinks, which will need to be able to make it possible for anything, it is not found in the cape.

Refrigerators with increased comfort have a device for semi-automatic or automatic thawing of the HC evaporator with removing melt water plus at least one of the following devices:

Maintaining a certain humidity in HC;

Cooling beverages with the issuance of them without opening the door;

Signaling modes of operation;

Restrictions of the door opening angle;

Forced door closing when opening at an angle of less than 10 °;

Permutations of shelves in height with an interval of less than 5 cm;

Number of loaded shelves at a distance of at least 50% of its depth.

In modern refrigerators, other devices that improve consumer quality instruments are used:

sound alarm on too long open door;

takeaway temperature controller on outdoor control panel;

installation on this panel of a mechanical or digital temperature indicator in the chamber, etc.

Refrigerators of some foreign refrigerators are equipped with a defrostant - a small compartment with a fan that provides intensive air circulation through this compartment. The fan turns on through the time relay, which allows you to set a certain duration of its operation, depending on the mass of the product being developed. This device allows you to speed up the defrost process at a low temperature in HC.

It is also proposed to use embedded microwaves - defrosts and subliments, as well as cameras for long-term storage of products in a gas environment.

Some foreign firms (Samsung, LG Electronics) are installed inside the refrigerator air cleaners and a special ceramics of the lamp to slow down the process of spoilage products emitting in the infrared range.

In modern foreign models, the prospects for microprocessor control systems in household appliances are considered. Elemental electoral daginctiki for a kontpoul's Customs Cults will be shown to the development of the information of the COPUTEPLIFIs. Kompyutepizipovannoe uppavlenie pozvolyaet zadavat and kontpolipovat ucloviya xpaneniya ppoduktov and pabotu xolodilnika, ppovodit elektponnuyu camodiagnoctiku neicppavnoctey and opepativno peshat, HOW ppoblemy uctpaneniya neicppavnoctey, tak and zadachi povcednevnoy ekcpluatatsii.

The maintenance of cells of the elembeds of the electorates to the duplicity of the Cupped Cups of the Cups. It is important that Ameaps and Evpoups are used. This micpobypep with you will intelligible in the intelligence of the Cointly of the Coin of the XLOW, it and the latch of the name of the NA, NE youxually from the DOP.

It would be absolutely incorrect to believe that advanced technical solutionsApplied today in the best models of refrigerators are prerogative only distant foreign manufacturers. First, recently, the geography of the production of refrigerators approached the Russian consumer (factories of firms Vestel, Beko, LG, etc. opened in our country), and secondly, manufacturers of Russia and neighboring countries have been successfully mastering new technologies.

Appendix 1 presents various types of refrigerators, with all sorts of innovations and functions.

Leading manufacturers of refrigeration

The great diversity of trademarks and models of refrigerators presented today on the market, sometimes leads the consumer to confusion. To understand this abundance, we will go through the exhibition of household appliances and electronics, which took place in the Crocus Expo ICT. The exposition of refrigeration technology included household refrigerators and the freezers of the mass demand of Russian and foreign production.

Each manufacturer tries to take a certain niche in the market and how hard it can be established in it, therefore the leaders of the developments, say, refrigerators with fast dry frost products are real professionals in their business. It is clear that it is difficult to cover all manufacturers on the Russian market of refrigerators, so we will dwell on those who are a sales leader at the moment, or earned some kind of names of the recent past.

The assortment of domestic models was attended by:

Among the compatriots, the refrigerators of the new series "Biryuses" were distinguished, which can be viewed as a presentation of plant proposals for Russian buyers to the very near future. The Krasnoyarsk Plant Refrigerators "Biryusa" showed the model of Italian design with electronic and electromechanical control.

Podolsky plant presented refrigerators under the "EXQVISIT" brand.

The ZIL refrigerator factory showed a two-chamber Korean design with non-frozen walls.

The Minsk plant produces aggregates - Atlant are those refrigerators that can be recommended, in quality are quite comparable to Western European counterparts, they are reliable and durable.

Stinol - economical class refrigerators are fully suitable for operation in such conditions when there are no overwhelmed requirements of the owner to technology.

Velikoluksky plant offered compression and thermoelectric refrigerators "Morozko" with deaf and transparent doors.

Middle abroad was presented by models of the Ukrainian Nord Group under the brands of Nord and Dnipro. Interestingly, in all products of the company Nord, the refrigerator and the inner panel of the doors are made of special plastics, which contains silver ions and has bactericidal properties.

European refrigerators were represented by the most famous Russian customers of brand models: AEG, Bosch, Siemens, Electrolux, Whirlpool, Beko. In addition to the detached refrigerators at the exhibition were shown more expensive, embedded in the furniture model. For the purposes of bactericidal protection and increasing the storage time of fresh products, all advanced European companies for the manufacture of internal chambers and refrigerator door panels are used by plastic containing silver ions.

Two-chamber refrigerators with the top freezer brand whirlpool Brazilian assembly were models of a higher price series. Refrigerators are equipped with filters capable of catching bacteria and spores of mold fungi, as well as smells of their livelihoods.

AEG refrigerators are distinguished by high german quality and efficiency in operation confirmed by the class A +. They are focused on the convenience and comfort of the consumer. Refrigeration equipment AEG SANTO is the leader in the market of built-in refrigerators and freezers.

Two-chamber Bosch stainless steel has a display at the top of the door of the refrigerator.

The prestigious Siemens had a built-in TV.

The most expensive model is the prestigious two-chamber electrolux with swing doors, leather handles and wicker baskets.

Japanese refrigerators were represented by Sharp and Toshiba brands. The attention of visitors attracted an improved 5-door model of the Sharp 4-chamber refrigerator with non-frozen walls. Toshiba two-chamber refrigerators instead of an ice-generator have a rotary iceformation with a bunker. When you turn, manually iceforms are bent and ice cubes are poured into the bunker.

Two-chamber Haier models had the top, lower and lateral location of the freezer. The prestigious models were with mirrors on the doors.

In the refrigerator HISENSE, the universal camera has a range of operating temperatures from + 4 ° to -10 ° C.

The range of household refrigerators reflected the state of demand in the Russian market. Regardless not expensive models with improved consumer indicators amounted to the largest number of exhibits. Compared to previous exhibitions, the share of refrigerators with forced air circulation in the refrigerator, with electronic control and digital temperature indication in cameras, with antibacterial protection of fresh products increased in the assortment.

List of used literature

1. Andronova L.N., Gerasimenko O.A., Kapitsyn V.M. The way out of the textile industry from the crisis // Problems of forecasting. - 2000. - №2.

2. Babajanov S.G. Economics of sewing industry enterprises / S.G. Babajanov, Yu.A. Domozhirov. - M.: Academy, 2005. - 225 p.

3. Huseynova TS Products of sewing and knitted goods: Textbook for the merchant Faculty of shopping universities / T.S. Huseynova, G.V. Zhiltsov. - M.: Economy, 2005. - 280 p.

4. Zhukov Yu.V. Very good after many // Sewing industry. - 2001. - №2.

5. Kochegarov B.E. Household machines and instruments: Tutorial Part 1 / Refrigerated equipment // B.E. Kochegarov, V.V. Lotsmannko, G.V. Oparin. - Vladivostok: Publishing House of DVGT, 2004. - 166 p.

6. Maex A.L. Modern trends in the development of the Russian clothing market // Light industry market. - 2007. - №49.

7. Rodionova N.P. Factors of increasing the efficiency of business enterprises of the clothing industry // Light industry market. - 2006. - №46.

8. Russian statistical yearbook. - M.: ANO EITS "Statistics of Russia" - 2004. - 1020 p.

9. Teplov V.I. Commercial merchant / V.I. Teplov, N.V. SEROSOSTAN. - M.: Norm, 2001. - 620 p.

10. Celikova L.V. Marketing research and directions for the formation of a preferred range of refrigerators in the consumer market / L.V. Celikova, V.E. Sylko, T.I. Tsybrankova I.Dra. - Gomel: BTEupk, 2007. - 95 s.

11. Shishkin I.V. Commodity and examination of haberdashery goods: studies. Manual for studies. Accompanies. Estations / I.V. Shishkin. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2003. - 192 p.

application

Refrigerator Refrigerator Return

In all the variety of refrigerators, you can select detached and built-in models, portable and automotive instruments, refrigerators for drugs, ice-generators and wine wardrobes, ice creams and beverage refrigerators. Detached models were most common in our kitchens (they are also called solo models), but recently more and more buyers prefer embedded techniques. Detached and embedded refrigerators can be single-chamber, two-chamber and three-chamber. In single-chamber refrigerators, for example Ardo MP 16 SA, there is only a camera for cooling products and a small freezer (in the model under consideration its volume is 22 liters, and the volume of the refrigeration compartment is 102 liters). In two-chamber refrigerators, for example in Bosch KGS 36V01 for 24,300 rubles., One chamber (227 L volume) is used to cool the products, and the other for freezing (84 l). And in three-chamber models, such as Toshiba GR-L42FR, the third camera can often work either as a refrigerator, or as a freezer, and can also serve as a special "freshness zone", which will be discussed below.

Most multi-chamber refrigerators are quite high, which is not always convenient, because sometimes the hostess is very problematic to put something on the upper shelf. Fortunately, in America, wide and low refrigerators with a large useful volume were invented and soon became popular - up to 700 liters. Such refrigerators in which the refrigeration and freezer are located nearby, and not on each other are called Side-BY-SIDE. An example of a similar machine - FrS-U20FET refrigerator from Daewoo Electronics. Thanks to such know-how, as a nano-silver technology and an antibacterial coating, it can stay fresh products for a long time. It does not need to be opened to take ice cubes or pour drinking cold water, it will greatly serve as a home bar. It is easy to find a common language thanks to the exact and convenient LCD display and electronic climate information gathering sensors in different refrigerator compartments. Optimally organized space, low noise, No Frost cooling system, Magic Cool zone - Here is the Gentleman's FRS-U20FET refrigerator set, the price of which in full configuration is 49,990 rubles.

Game in classes

All refrigerators differ in classroom classes, energy saving and climate class. The climatic class (it is denoted by the letters N, ST, T) is determined by the limiting ambient temperature at which the parameters of the work provided by the manufacturer. Refrigerators for moderate climate (N) should normally operate at ambient air temperature up to 32 ° C, models for tropical latitudes (T) withstand the room temperature up to 43 ° C.

Class of comfort - the concept of conditional, it determines how much the refrigerator meets the requests of consumers, as far as it is ergonomic. In the high-end refrigerators, the doors must be opened easily, inside there should be comfortable shelves, sliding boxes and drawers, shelf for horizontal storage of bottles, etc. It is worth noting that the shelves in the refrigerators can be lattice (from metal) or glass. Transparent shelves protect the food located below from randomly spilled liquids and facilitate hygienic cleaning, but make it difficult to circulate air. The lattice shelves, on the contrary, do not interfere with the circulation of air and contribute to more uniform cooling of products.

The energy standard is absolutely not conditional. There are nine power consumption classes: from A ++ to G. Classes A ++, A +, A and B correspond to the most economical models, classes C and D - models with moderate electricity consumption. Class A ++ refrigerator is about twice the economical class G refrigerator (however, the instruments of class G today, perhaps, not to find on the market). As an example of a refrigerator with an energy consumption class A +, you can cite the ARDO DPF 41 SHX model belonging to the Special design line. The device with electronic temperature control and the LCD display has a refrigeration compartment with a volume of 310 liters, freezing - 76 liters, and a zone of freshness of 27 liters. In the refrigerator there is an ice cooking unit (ICE Cube Space) and an antibacterial system, a super-development mode is provided. The surface of the refrigerator is subjected to special processing from fingerprints (anti-fingerprint).

It should be remembered that the actual consumption of electricity depends on the characteristics of the cooling system, thickness and quality of thermal insulation. Choosing a refrigerator, be sure to consider how economical it is.

When the wall is crying

Modern refrigerators are equipped with a mass of additional functions that turn their work into the present miracle.

Perhaps the most important "refrigeration" miracle is the NO Frost system, which helps the hostesses save a mass of time, not engaged in the defrosting of the refrigerator manually. The NO Frost system prevents the formation of an inlet in the freezer. It is formed on a special heat exchanger outside the freezer, and there it periodically melts the heating element as its layer thickens, turns into water, flows into a special bath on the compressor and evaporates. Thus, refrigerators equipped with the NO Frost system do not need to be defrosting at all. The only thing for the hostess is to follow, so this is the correct packaging of products: when it is impaired, it is possible to quickly dehydration and dry food, because in the freezer with the NO Frost system constantly circulates cold (about -18 ° C) and dry air. It is he who removes all mooring from the freezer, capable of becoming inopex, and then into ice.

The NO Frost system has today received universal recognition. Such a system is equipped, for example, the indesit Ban 35 FNF SD refrigerator with a 280-liter refrigerator and a freezer - a capacity of 118 liters, the HotPoint-Ariston MBT 1912 FI / HA refrigerator with the same dimensions of refrigeration and freezer compartments, the refrigerator Siemens KG 49NA71 with a refrigerator The volume of 307 liters and freezer is 82 liters, and even such a giant, as a Side-BY-SIDE refrigerator, as Electrolux 7388 KG with a refrigeration unit with a volume of 267 liters and freezer - 198 liters.

The automatic refrigeration chamber system was also in the help of the hostess, the cooling wall of which thaws during the period of the mandatory stop of the compressor operation due to temperature increase. The water formed flows along the special channel or on the rear wall of the refrigerator in the pan, from where evaporates, thanks to heat from the working compressor. It is because of the flowing melt water that the system of automatic defrost is often called "crying". The automatic defrost function is almost all modern refrigerators. It is equipped, for example, Daewoo FR-291 models for 13,000 rubles., Hansa RFAK 311F, Beko DSA 25000, not to mention expensive models, such as Liebherr CN 38130 for 27,000 rubles.

Refrigerator goes on vacation

Modern refrigerators will not only save time, but also money: going on vacation or long business trip, you can switch the device into the economical "vacation" or "vacation". In this case, a disconnection of the refrigerator is turned off, in which the temperature is maintained about + 15 ° C, and the air is constantly ventilated in order to avoid stolev and the occurrence of poor smell. The "Vacation" mode (Vacation) is equipped, for example, a GA-479ulba refrigerator with a lower freezer released by LG Electronics.

Other models with an economical regime function are, for example, AEG-Electrolux S 70358 KG at a price of about 36,500 rubles. and Ariston BCZ M 40 IX worth about 30,000 rubles.

Keepers of freshness

For modern refrigerators, it is important not easy to save products, but to make it so that they remain fresh as long as possible, they did not lose their taste and aroma. And for this, many different technologies are invented.

For example, in refrigerators, a special antibacterial coating is used. Scientists have long discovered that products in the refrigerators deteriorate due to the fault of bacteria and fungi. To extend the shelf life of perishable products, many manufacturers of refrigerators began to cover the inner surfaces of their products with antibacterial compositions with silver ions, which is considered ancient to the disinfecting agent. In refrigerators with antibacterial protection, products are stored longer and better, and in addition, it prevents the appearance of unpleasant odors arising in the process of microbial life. Such a coating called Agion, for example, in the refrigerator Bosch KGP 36320 worth 25-26 000 rubles. In the Refrigerator Electrolux ERB 40301 (24 000 rubles) uses the Bacteria Safe System system.

It has been established that many products retain their freshness longer, do not lose the fragrance, appearance and nutritional properties, if stored at a temperature of about 0 OS and at a certain humidity. To ensure such conditions in refrigerators, create a so-called "zone of freshness" ("zero chamber"). Her "branded" names - Biofresh (in Liebherr refrigerators), Fresh Zone (LG), Fresh Box (Ariston), Natura Fresh (Electrolux), etc.

The "freshness zone" can be represented as a whole chamber and a separate shelf or boxing in a refrigeration chamber. It is divided into the zone of "dry freshness" and the zone of "wet freshness". In the dry freshness zone, the temperature is maintained just below zero and humidity no more than 50% are the optimal conditions for storing meat, fish, cheese, etc. And greens, vegetables and fruits are better preserved in the "wet freshness" zone, where the air humidity is maintained about 90% and the temperature is slightly higher than zero. In the refrigerator Siemens Ki 26Fa50 at a price of about 24,000 rubles. The volume of the "wet freshness" zone is 15 liters, and the "dry" is 45 liters.

The principle of the Vitamin Plus technology used in the new series of LG refrigerators, including the model GA-479ulba, which is already familiar to us, is the saturation of air with concentrated, specially treated vitamin C, known for its antioxidant properties, which slows down the damage of vegetables and fruits. One block with vitamin C is enough for 7 years of use, which corresponds to the optimal service life of the refrigerator. In addition, the Optifresh separation maintains a temperature of about 0 ° C, which is optimal for short-term storage of fresh meat and fish.

Freshness of products helps maintain and function "Forced cooling", which maintains the optimal temperature in the refrigeration and freezer chambers and uniform cooling of all products from all sides due to the constant forced circulation of multidirectional cold air flows inside the chambers. The permanent circulation of air is and a guarantee that the products lying on the adjacent shelves are not soaked by smelling each other. Enhance the effect of "forced cooling" Special absorbers and deodorats are filters built into the air circulation system. Such a filter called "Z-freshener" can be found, for example, in the LG GR S 462 QVC model, which costs about 21,000 rubles.

Air circulation contributes to an increase in the shelf life of the products stored in the refrigerator and the preservation of their freshness and flavors. But only the cost of energy increases with "forced cooling", because it is carried out constantly.

An increase in the shelf life of products contributes to the "Fast cooling" function. Usually, the products stored in the refrigerator never end at the same time, and we constantly add products to the refrigeration chamber, just brought from the store. These, of course, the warmer of those are already lying in the refrigerator, and when they are placed on the shelves, the temperature in the refrigeration chamber increases. Thanks to the "Fast Cooling" function when entering fresh food intake, the temperature in the refrigeration chamber is reduced to + 2 ° C. Fresh foods are quickly cooled, and already cooled avoid an unwanted temperature increase. The premium class AEG-ELELCTROLUX S 70408 KG with such a function will cost 36-39 thousand rubles, and the model of the middle class CANDY CFBC 3180 A is 17-19 thousand rubles.

In the freezers of many models of refrigerators there is a "Fast Freezing" function. It allows you to maintain freezed products for a longer period, not harming their quality. This is achieved with a very fast and uniform freezing of products at temperatures -25 ... -38 ° C. In this case, the products are not covered with an ice crust and do not object to the walls of the freezer, and with further defrost do not give juice. It means that they practically do not lose vitamins, taste and nutritional qualities, natural color. Fast freezing prevents the temperature of the products already stored in the freezer.

Premium-class refrigerator AEG-ELECTROLUX S 86378 KG with fast freezing function costs about 43,000 rubles, and the model of the middle class ARISTON MBA 45 D1 NFE is about 29,000 rubles.

Ice, water and wine

Permanent availability in the house is clean drinking water It is the need for any modern man living in a major megalopolis. Recent studies in this area pushed Electrolux specialists to create new models of modern refrigerator, which will be able to provide their owner with clean drinking water, and both ordinary and gashed and ice. Source and Glacier refrigerators were designed as an ideal pair. They can be installed nearby, offering water and ice through dispensers on the doors.

New refrigerator Under the name Source is an inexhaustible source of pure water, which can also be used for drinking, and for cooking. To get water, it is enough to simply substitute a glass or other container right under the dispenser and slightly press the button.

A compact device for the production and issuing ice is built into the Glacier refrigerator door. Special technology prevents the sticking of ice cubes, and thanks to the technology Frost-Fresh, the owner of the Glacier refrigerator should not spend time on defrost - it can devote more time to other home affairs.

Chilled drinks are always at hand and owners of new hotpoint-ariston refrigerators. Now they do not have to open the door of the refrigerator in order to get a bottle of cooled wine. New two-chamber refrigerator HOTPOINT-ARISTON MBZE 45 NF Bar / HA with an energy consumption class A is equipped with a minibar on the door, which has so far been to meet only in the Side-BY-SIDE refrigerators. The refrigerator is spacious (the volume of refrigeration and freezer is 280 and 118 liters, respectively), its NO Frost system will save the owner from the grueling duty to produce manual defrost. The freezer can freeze up to 14 kg of products per day, and in case of disconnection of electricity, keep cold for 21 hours.

In the fact that in the world market, due to a number of reasons, there are suppliers of goods more competitive than domestic manufacturers. Raising ROL 3. Raising the role of customs duties in regulation of import of goods in the Russian Federation Customs duty as an economic category appeared at the stage of the emergence of the exchange of labor results between individual state formations. Somewhat later ...

Classification of household refrigerators

Modern household refrigerators and freezers are complex household appliances operating in specific conditions - in residential (kitchen) premises, therefore, high demands are presented: operation in automatic mode; minimum noise; high level of reliability; complete safety of operation; Perhaps small overall dimensions with certain useful capacity, small cost and small operating costs.

By type of refrigeration machine, household refrigerators are compressor (cooled compressor refrigeration machine), absorption (cooled absorption refrigeration machine) and semiconductor (cooled by semiconductor batteries), and freezers - compressor and absorption.

Compressor refrigerators constitute a significant share in the assortment of household refrigeration equipment - over 90%.

By the installation method, refrigerators are divided into outdoor, wall and built-in.

Floor refrigerators installed on the floor of the room are the most massive type of refrigerators and in our country and abroad. Among them, you can select models made in the form of a table; The height of them is the same as kitchen tables - 850 mm, and from above there is a serving surface made from a special plastic for placing kitchen utensils and products. Wall refrigerators, suspended to the wall of the room, do not occupy the floor area, which is important for small apartments

Built-in refrigerators are apparatuses included in the design of the furniture unit and enclosed in the overall shell with it. The block can be a kitchen or living room, such as a servant and a bar.

On climatic execution, refrigerators are divided into products of performances y and T. The first refrigerators are designed for operation in areas with temperate climates, i.e. In the territory where the average of the annual absolute maxima of air temperature does not exceed 40 ° C, and the average of the minima is below - 45 ° C. Products of execution U, operated in residential premises, should provide the required parameters at an ambient temperature of from 10 to 35 ° C . GOST 16317-70 "Household electric refrigerators" provides a narrower range of values \u200b\u200bof climatic factors: 16-32 ° C. Typically, for the execution products, an upper limit value is taken to 40 ° C.

Refrigerators of the T design are operated in areas with a tropical climate, which include the Middle and Middle East, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, a significant part of Africa and Latin America, Cuba, South-East and the Far West of the United States and a number of other regions. In Russia, refrigerators in tropical execution are manufactured for export to these countries. For products of performing T, operated in residential areas, the limiting and working values \u200b\u200bof ambient temperatures coincide: from 10 to 45 ° C; The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the CEV established a temperature range from 18 to 43 ° C. In addition to refrigerators in tropical execution, increased requirements for the applied materials, protective coatings, grounding, sealing of the cabinet and automation tests are imposed.

The functional feature distinguishes refrigerators for storing fresh products and fresh and frozen products. Fresh food storage devices do not have a low-temperature compartment. They are produced in minor quantities in some countries. The possibility of storing frozen products is provided only if the temperature is not higher in the low temperature, the temperature is maintained - 6 ° C; The lower the temperature in the separation, the longer the shelf life.

In accordance with international and domestic standards, the division of refrigerators is taken into three categories: for short-term (several days) storage of frozen products - the temperature is not higher - 6 ° C; for medium-term storage (up to two weeks) - the temperature is not higher - 12 ° C; For long-term storage (up to three months) - the temperature is not higher - 18 ° C. Accordingly, the refrigerators are labeled with one, two or three asterisks. Models with two and three asterisks are called two-temperature. In the USA, Canada and Australia, marked with asterisks does not apply. According to the standards of these countries, two-temperature refrigerators must provide in low-temperature separation the temperature is not higher - 15 ° C.

According to constructive execution, two-temperature refrigerators are single-chamber, two-chamber and multi-chamber. In two-chamber, there is a thermal insulation partition between low-temperature and positive compartments; Each compartment is equipped with a separate door. Multi-chamber refrigerators have several (at least three) cameras with separate doors to store various products.

Air circulation in chambers can be carried out naturally or with a fan or combined: in a low-temperature chamber with a compulsory way, and in the positive one.

Refrigerators with natural air circulation in the chamber can have one (ordinary design) or two evaporators (design with a "crying" evaporator).

In models with natural air circulation, the low-temperature camera is located at the top; In refrigerators with forced circulation, it can also be placed at the bottom or next to the positive.

Refrigerators differ also by the method of extinguishing the evaporator: it is used manually, semi-automatic and automatic (partially or completely). With the first method, the consumer itself determines the moment of starting and ending the process, and also manually removes talu water. With a semi-automatic - the consumer determines only the beginning of the thawing, the end of the process is automatic; Melt water is deleted manually or automatically through the drainage system. Towing is automatic if the process management and removal of melt water occurs without the consumer participation.

Partially automatic thawing is an automatic thawing of one of two cooling surfaces. For example, the evaporator of the advantage compartment is taped automatically in each cycle, and the evaporator of the low-temperature compartment - manually once a few months. Fully automatic thawing is an automatic thawing of all cooling surfaces.

It is possible to fully automate the exhausting process only in refrigerators with coercive air circulation, in other designs, the use of an automatic exhausting system (due to its frequent operation) would lead to damage to frozen products.

Apply three methods of evaporator heating during the thawing: ambient air; Hot ferry ferry supplied by the compressor to the evaporator, bypassing the condenser; Electric heater. When manually thawing, natural heating with surrounding air is used, with semi-automatic and partially automatic - all three types of heating. Natural evaporator heating in the case of partially automatic thawing occurs during the non-working part of each cycle. With a fully automatic thawing, an intense evaporator heating is used by hot ferry ferry or electric heater.

Adopted cooling system, i.e. The presence of one or two evaporators, natural or coercive air circulation, largely determines the operational and structural features of refrigerators. Therefore, further in this chapter will be considered (as the main types) refrigerators with one evaporator, including two-temperature, refrigerators with two evaporators, as well as refrigerators with coercive air circulation.

According to GOST 16317-87, household refrigerators are divided into the method of obtaining cold to:

compression (K); absorption (a);

by installation method on:

outdoor type of cabinet (w); apol table types (C);

by number of cameras on:

single-chamber; two-chamber (D); Three-chamber (T).

In two chamber refrigerators there is a thermal insulation partition between the NTO and the plus separation.

By the ability to work at maximum ambient temperatures, refrigerators are divided into classes:

UHL - not higher than 32 0 s;

T - not higher than 43 0 S.

Cameras refrigeration instruments are divided into:

camera for storing fresh vegetables and fruits;

refrigeration chamber for cooling and storage of cooled products;

low-temperature chamber for storing frozen products (NTK);

freezing chamber for freezing and storing frozen products (MK);

universal chamber for storing products in fresh, chilled or frozen state.

Single-chamber refrigerators subdivide:

for the presence of NTO on:

single-chamber with NTO;

single-chamber without NTO;

by temperature in NTO on:

with temperature not higher -6 0 s;

with a temperature not higher than -12 0 s;

with a temperature not higher than -18 0 S.

The temperature in NTO is not higher - 6 0 s provides short-term storage for several days, not higher - 12 0 s for two weeks and not higher - 18 0 s for three months.

The refrigerator is an assembly in the form of a cabinet designed for cooling and storing food. Devices are embedded in furniture, equipped with additional suspended shelves and containers.

We are produced from full-sized to mobile devices - mobile models of refrigerators are produced in the form of bags without a compressor, a cold capacitor is built in the form of it, it remains cold 24 hours.

Types and types of refrigerators

FRENCH DOOR.

FRENCH DOOR DOOR DOWNERS Top, and at the bottom of the freezer compartment. The upper compartment opens with two sash, at the bottom freezer - sash or drawer. Product models with 3, 4 or 5 doors.

Advantages:

• compact dimensions;
• spacious shelves for placing overall objects.

Side-BY-Side

In these refrigerators, the freezer is located next to the refrigeration compartment. In such models, the volume is distributed according to the following scheme: 1/3 - for freezer, and the rest is for the cooling compartment.

Models of this class have zero compartment, divided into wet and dry zones. In such compartments, the beverage cooling is provided, the storage of which is carried out at a temperature of less than 3 degrees than in the main compartment.

Built-in refrigerator

The main parameters of the built-in refrigerators:

• type - Folded or partially built-in. The first type is accurately hidden in the niche, the door is provided from the cabinet or the retractable wall. Partially embedded models are suitable for saving space or supplement kitchen design;
• characteristics - In height, refrigerators vary in the range of 40-220 cm, width 30-160 cm, depth 40-70 cm. The volume of the refrigeration compartment is 78-550 l, the freezer is 12-515 l;
• the number of cameras (1, 2 or more);
• the feature of the inquiry to arrange ventilation, purchase an additional ventilating grille.

Additional parameters are influenced by the cost of the embedded refrigerator: an ice generator, a safe shutdown for problems with electricity, color, antibacterial coating, zero camera, etc.

Freezer

The freezer is called a chamber for rapid frost products in the freezer or refrigerator with further storage at a temperature of not more than -18 degrees. In multi-chamber refrigerators, freezers are located on top, below or in the lateral part of the refrigeration compartment.

Capacity and cabinet type for wines

For optimal storage of wine, special devices are designed, where bottles are placed in a horizontal position. IN home use Gorenje, Liebherr, Electrolux is appropriately appropriate. Or choose products from specialized firms (TRANSTHERM), in which there are additional functions for the safety of wine.

There are also homemade models of medium-sized dimensions, and professional bulk cabinets.

Capacity of the wine compartment is characterized by the number of cells for bottles of 0.75 liters placed in the compartment. Small size models - 6 bottles, or outdoor for storing a whole collection of 30 bottles.

There are large-sized storage chambers over 100 bottles, which are used in restaurants or for private collections.

There are models with doors of glass or opaque material. Some cabinets have coal filters to protect against foreign odors. For proper storage of bottles, temperature settings are provided.

Based on the variants of temperature modes, the mono, two-, three- or multi-pectural wine cabinets differ. The monotype device devices operate in one mode, while the chamber supports a constant temperature of 10-14ºC.

Other types are regulated by temperature conditions for suitable storage of different beverages. Thus, in 2 or 3 temperature devices 2 or 3 temperatures, during which sparkling, white and red wine are stored.

In multi-pectural units, more than 3 modes with different temperature areas, which allows you to select suitable conditions for storing each beverage variety.

Freshness zone and its types

The freshness zone is also called a zero chamber. Some manufacturers refer to this option Fresh Box, Flex Cool or Fresh Zone when the temperature in the chamber is about 0 ° C.

Models with two zero chamber compartments in one of them elevated level humidity and amounts to 90-100% (store vegetables and fruits), and in another - up to 50% (for placing meat and fish products).

Favorable solution Three-chamber refrigerators, with a separate chamber of freshness zone. But because of this, the cost of the device is rising.

Mini bar

A minibar is a special compartment on the inner or outer part of the door, designed to store products chilled - drinks, raw materials, snacks.

Either this is a detached locker with the door, when opening which a special shelf with snacks and drinks is put forward.

The bar makes the operation of the refrigerator comfortable, saves electrical energy, as it does not need to open the main doors to access it - only the minibar door opens.

Refrigerator Type / Freezer

The market presents a wide range of refrigerator models, from single-door to five-chamber.

Several types are allocated:

• without freezing chamber - Dimensions of devices up to 1 meter, Such refrigerators are intended for storage of vegetables and fruits at a temperature of +2 to +14 degrees. Such models are rarely used at home, they are mainly acquired for cottages, where for 1-2 days it is necessary to maintain freshness of products;
• with a freezer - Designed for storage of food with deep frost, and designs, where in one compartment refrigeration and freezer. Popular and models, where the freezer has a separate door. The freezer is located on the side, at the bottom or at the top of the refrigeration compartment;
• household - Designed for long storage and freezing of many products, made vertical and in the shape of a chest (lari);
• cabinets freezers - their height is up to 2 m, they are equipped with horizontal shelves and drawers for the placement of products, some modifications may have trays for frosting vegetables, fruits and berries;
• chest freezers (lari) - Suitable for freezing large volumes of fish and meat. They are more economical cabinets, but it is difficult to get a meal that is located below. Another drawback occupied area;
• wine cabinets - Designed for storage of wines and other beverages.

Features refrigerators

Height, depth and width

The model height is 50-250 cm (depends on the layout of the chambers), the width is 40-190 cm, the weight of 22 to 157 kg, the volume is 3-800 liters.

Standard depth for embedded models 55 cm, for separately worth - 60 cm. But if the conditions allow you to choose an aggregate with a depth of 80 cm. When purchasing a device with non-standard parameters, pay attention to the characteristics of the kitchen headset. The area is taken into account to calmly open the door and do not touch other items standing nearby.

In accordance with the territorial location, refrigeration devices are divided into 3 groups: European, American and Asian. European models are more elongated. American models have characteristics in width and height of large dimensions, and the size of Asian - average.

Spacious devices are considered to be modifications side-by-side, where the freezer is located on the left, and on the right - the refrigeration compartment. Their width is 100 cm, and the depth is 80 cm, so they are suitable for storing significant amounts of products. The smallest parameters are characterized by refrigerators - bars 50 cm wide, 50-120 cm high.

Inverter compressor

Compared with standard line compressors, the operation of inverter mechanisms is smoother. When the refrigerator is turned on, the required temperature for storing products is achieved in a short period.

After that, the inverter supports this mode at an optimal level with a gradual change in the compressor power. As a result, the temperature is not changed and less electricity is consumed.

The advantages of refrigerators with an inverter compressor include:

• low power consumption;
• minimum noise;
• no periodic inclusion / disconnection.

This ensures the long-term operation of refrigeration equipment.

Energy class

This indicator reflects the level of efficiency, denoted by capital Latin letters from A to G. Economy equipment is marked A, B and C. Recently there were only 7 classes, but other, economical species appeared (Classes A +++, A +++ ).

The intermediate class technique is marked with the letter D, and devices with a high and increased energy consumption - E, F, G.

All refrigerators belong to the A / B / C / D classes. For convenience, manufacturers of refrigerators each class marked with its color (highly economical - green, and D - red).

Electricity consumption levels are divided into classes regarding the energy efficiency index. Classes A, a ++, a +++ are considered economical - save 50% of electricity.

Economical classes include A and B, and C and D - to medium energy consumption, as it saves only 15%. Now equipment with classes D, E, F, G is not popular due to energy inefficiency.

Electricity consumption The refrigerator depends on the frequency of opening the door, its load, the volume of each compartment, the external temperature, this indicator is reduced by increasing the efficiency of the compressor and the modernization of cabinage insulation.

The energy consumption class is assigned to equipment according to the volume, the defrost system and other parameters. The indicator varies within 88-803 kWh / year.

Climatic classes

The climatic class reflects climate conditions (humidity and temperature), allowed to use equipment. This an important indicator, take into account when purchasing.

If it was known that the equipment was used in inappropriate temperature and humidity, the consumer receives a refusal to conduct warranty repairs. The climatic class is indicated on a form with a number of the series, which is pasted inside the refrigeration compartment.

Several classes allocate:

1. Normal class N (Normal). Operation of refrigerators of this group at a temperature of +16 to +32 degrees. Class N is considered the most common in the CIS countries, suitable for houses and apartments with air conditioning, since when the normative indicators exceeds, the refrigerator overheats with a possible breakage of the compressor motor.
2. SN class - Subnormal (moderately normal), reflects the adaptation of refrigerators to work at a temperature of +10 to +32 degrees. In addition to residential buildings and apartments, equipment of this class is permissible to use in basements and poorly heated rooms.
3. Climate class St. - subtropical. The equipment is adapted for operation in temperature conditions from +18 to +38 degrees.
4. Climate class T. - Tropical. Operating at a temperature of +18 to +43 degrees, adapted for dry climate.

If the device works in wider temperatures, then it is assigned two classes. For example, Class SN-T refrigerators, but their cost is higher due to the design features and the presence of parts resistant to temperature changes.

Double-class devices consume more electricity, which is why it is better to choose the unit in accordance with certain conditions of use. For Russia, it is better to choose cooling equipment from the category N, SN.

Number of doors and cameras

Typically, the number of doors corresponds to the number of cameras. But in some models, one door is designed for 2 compartments, and in other one chamber closes a pair of doors. With the increase in the number of the doors of the refrigerator, its dimensions and price increase. In aggregates, where each camera is closed separately, the thermal insulation indicators is higher, therefore, in each compartment, the set temperature is constantly maintained.

IN modern models Maybe 1-5 cameras. In the simplest design of single-chamber equipment, the available cost and high reliability are combined, but it is required to periodically defrost it.

Two-chamber devices with separate access in freezing and refrigerators are considered more in demand.

Refrigerators with 3 cameras, where in addition to freezer and refrigeration, there is a zero (freshness zone), where it is required to store fast-fastened products. Modifications are made, where the zero zone is located in the refrigeration compartment.

From the aggregates "SIDE-BY-SIDE" there are models with 4 and 5 compartments, where the wet, dry zone of freshness, bar, wines, etc. are located. With an increase in the number of compartments for storing different products, the cost of the unit is raised.

Number of compressors

By the number of available compressors, refrigeration equipment is divided into one and two-components. If the model has one compressor, then its work is carried out simultaneously on the freezer and refrigeration compartment - the cost of such aggregates is below two-component.

Two-components are characterized by accuracy and independent regulation of temperature modes of different cameras - cameras separately turn on and off. Such refrigerators have a high service life, since each compressor is turned on only if necessary.

Capacitor

This element is responsible for the thermal exchange of the cooling method and condensation of the chest of refrigerant. Often the condenser is made in the form of a coil. In large installations, it is represented by a radiator that is placed near the compressor.

Coating material

The housing of the refrigerator is made of stainless steel or plastics. Plastic models have a paint coating, are considered more in demand due to low cost and diverse shades.

Models made of aluminum or stainless steel are more durable and expensive (except for unpainted silver tint equipment).

Material shelves and their varieties

Shelves are made of metal, glass or plastic. Refrigerators with non-separation or lattice shelves are available from the assortment.

Plastic lattices are easy to leave, have a different form. Despite the low cost, plastic is an unreliable material that does not withstand the heavy mass of products - cracks and breaks.

The glass shelves are popular, despite their beauty and strength, they need to be careful and constantly cleaned from contamination.

Metal shelves have a lattice shape with a plastic sheath. This option is the most reliable and budget.

There may be shelves for bottles (wave-like), retractable in the form of a tray with telescopic guides and double structures in the doors. For fixing items may be provided for the holders of tubes.

Minimum freezer temperature, freezing power

Freezers differ in the levels of freezing, denoted by asterisks *. In designs with one star, the minimum temperature is -6ºС, they are not suitable for long placement of frozen products.

In freezers with two asterisks ** (at temperature -12 ºС) products are stored longer. There are freezers with 3 and four stars, respectively, to accommodate products in temperature conditions up to -18 and -24 degrees.

The higher this value, the longer products can be saved when the electricity is turned off.

Under the power of frost means freezing productivity - 1-40 kg / day. The indicator reflects the volume of fresh products that can be frozen to temperatures -18ºC in 24 hours.

Often this criterion is called frosting or freezing ability. For household use This indicator is 10 kg / day., more powerful models can be used in catering establishments.

Total refrigerator

The total volume of all refrigeration chambers is in the range of 4.5-1163 liters, the total volume is indicated by the manufacturer in liters, the pallets and inner shelves are not taken into account.

Cameras can not be pinned, otherwise the air does not circulate, the thermal mode and product properties are disturbed.

Volume of freezing chamber

The total volume of the freezer (freezer) varies from 4 to 708 liters. Choosing the amount of this branch, it is necessary to take into account the weight of frozen products that are planned to be stored for a long time. If you plan to harvest fruits and vegetables in the winter, then choose the volume of the freezer room.

Zero chamber volume

The total volume of the freshness zone (zero chamber) is 9-193 liters.

The volume of the chamber should be selected by the number of people living. The more users, the higher the consumption electrical EnergySince the refrigerator longer supports the optimal temperature.

Refrigerated chamber volume

The total volume of the refrigerator, where the freezing is not needed - 25-767 liters. Based on the volume, the refrigeration unit creates temperature regime in the range from +2 to +10 degrees. Accommodation in a cold and warm area refrigerator is associated with constructive features.

Its parameters are selected according to the number of people living:

• for a family of 3-4 people. Suitable models with one chamber of up to 200 l;
• with a blank of significant reserves, two-chamber models should be selected, where the refrigeration and freezing compartments are located separately.

Such refrigerators are considered in demand, they are compact in width, their height does not exceed 2 m. The volume of the refrigeration compartment is sufficient to use 3-4 people (up to 380 liters).

For spacious premises, models with large-sized "SIDE-BY-SIDE" cameras are suitable, where large amounts of products are placed.

Outweighable doors

The presence of outweighted doors allows you to change their direction of opening for comfortable use of refrigeration equipment.

For small kitchens, devices are conveniently different, which can be opened in different directions without swinging.

Pen with pusher

The refrigerator handle is equipped with a pusher and allows you to reduce the efforts attached by the user to open the door of the refrigeration cabinet. The pusher is formed by a leather, through which air flows into the chamber, which contributes to the easy opening of the door and increases the comfort of the use of the refrigerator.

Management type

Refrigeration equipment differs in control type:

• electromechanical - Such control is performed by rotating the thermostat handle, but the exact temperature indicator cannot be installed - only reduce or add a cooling level;
• electronic - With it, the accurate temperature regime is set - the operation of the fan and the compressor changes, creating optimal humidity for storing products and energy savings. The digital screen reflects all the information about the current state of technology, which makes control over its operation more accurate.

Coal filter

In models with the NO Frost system and the automatic thawing function, with a fan, a photocatalytic carbon filter is used, which reduces the likelihood of bacteria.

Filter eliminates unpleasant odors From the refrigerator. To restore its functionality, the filter is required to periodically pull out and dry.

Door seal

Designed to prevent air intake from the environment inside the case. The seal is made from the elastic high density material, equipped with a magnetic insert for a more dense door fit.

Noise level

Noise level reflects the noise of working equipment. Measured in decibels. The lower this indicator, the quieter the operation of the device.

The degree of noise of the middle refrigerator does not exceed 38DB. Now many cooling devices are very quiet and their work is invisible.

Refrigerent

The refrigerant is the composition of the composition in the cooling system, which, when expanding or boiling, takes heat from the cooling facility, after compressing, giving it to the external environment. In refrigeration equipment, Elegenaz, Freon, Ammonia, etc. are used as refrigerant.

As a result of damage to the cooling system or long work, refinement is necessary. These works are required to entrust professionals that are familiar with all the details of refueling, the required volume of substance, its pressure and temperature. All criteria are important for the efficient and proper operation of the device.

Electric valve

The valve is an electromechanical device designed to control the refrigerant flow in the cooling system. The valve control is carried out by electric shock that is skipped with a coil.

Independent temperature regulation in the refrigeration device is carried out in the presence of a pair of independent compressors with individual evaporators. With the help of a valve, blocking an admission to the evaporator of the refrigerant, an independent system with two contours was created.

During the overlap begins the receipt of refrigerant on an additional pipe to the evaporative system. In such a system, the volume of the cooling substance is reduced, the evaporator does not measure. The temperature mode in the freezer and the refrigeration compartment is adjustable in accordance with the thermostat values.

Refrigerator features

Autonomous storage of cold

This feature allows for a certain time to maintain the temperature of the frozen products below -9 degrees. Used to conserve products at low temperature conditions.

Each manufacturer and model of the temporary interval of the autonomous storage of cold varies, where 30 hours is the maximum.

Battery cold

This is a specialized gel, hermetically packed in a special package. It accumulates (absorbs) cold, freezing at lower temperatures (compared to water) for 18-24 hours.

The cold battery is used in thermal bags and containers, designed to cool products and maintains a low temperature for 10-18 hours.

The battery is used in the following cases:

• when unloading from the freezer of frozen products;
• when cooling drinks;
• to maintain the temperature in the chambers and increase the level of freezing.

Antibacterial coating

This is a special coating with inorganic silver compounds, which are processed by the inner walls of the refrigerator.

Compared to simple surfaces, antibacterial coverage has many advantages:

• the creation of an optimal biological microclimate that prevents the development and reproduction of microorganisms, the absence of an unpleasant odor;
• safety throughout the term of use;
• extending the storage of products without loss of useful and taste properties;
• ease of use, lack of restoration or replacement.

Built-in TV, LCD Display, Electronic Control Panel

For comfort, a refrigerator with a built-in TV was invented. The first manufacturer of such products was LG, where the monitor size was 13 inches. Siemens has released cooling equipment with a diagonal of 17 inches LCD.

Subsequently, the Samsung manufacturer presented cooling equipment with a built-in display by adding Internet access via Wi-Fi. Owners of such equipment can recognize world news, recipes, order products and leave reminders.

On the doors of some devices, an electronic panel is built, reflecting the temperature - the user exhibits the necessary temperature. The control panel includes the storage calendar options available - the time and area of \u200b\u200bproduct bookmark is recorded and the completion of their storage is recorded.

Dispenser of water

Dispenser is called special device To obtain cool water and ice, sometimes combine with the filter. Dispensers are connected to the water supply or have an autonomous reservoir design.

Protection against children

This feature is designed to block the control buttons so that the child cannot change the operating mode. Sold models equipped with a built-in lock in the door.

Choosing such options, it should be borne in mind that on many models control buttons are high and children do not get to them.

Indication of power off

This is a special indication when there is no power, notifying the user with a sound or light signal. Using such a function, it is possible to react to turn off the electricity in a timely manner and take the necessary measures.

Indication of door opening

The function is noting about the open door if the freezing / refrigerating door door is loosely closed or opened, the user will receive an alert with a light or beep.

Each manufacturer chooses the type of signal for the refrigerator model.

Temperature and thermometer indication

The function signals the increase in temperature conditions. The temperature rises in the refrigeration compartment and the freezer above the normative indicators due to a loosely covered door or a disconnected power.

Indication On time will notice the user with a light or sound signal, which will prevent products from damage.

In the freezer, there is a thermometer with which the temperature mode of the freezer is monitored - adjust the conditions in accordance with the needs.

Ionizer

The device is located in the refrigerator, is responsible for the formation of negative ions that prevent the formation and reproduction of microorganisms hazardous to human health.

Their principle of operation is based on the passage of air flow through the grid with high electric field strength. At the same time, oxygen molecules become active ions. They are safe for humans and have an antibacterial effect.

Ice generator

The ice generator is a built-in device for obtaining ice, for which the refrigerator is connected to the water supply, and the option of filling the special tank with water. When filling it out, its ice generator turns off. In this case, the ice is not in contact with other products, does not absorb odors.

In expensive refrigerators, the ice generator is equipped with a knife for cutting ice, he makes cubes or crumb.

The model with the connection of the ice generator to the water supply is more expensive, so more economical option Equipment is considered manual filling. After filling the water of a special container, it will go to the canal to the ice generator, and after a while it turns out the ice.

Brake freezer / refrigeration chamber

In the freezer and refrigeration chamber there are two types of defrost: manual and "without ynei" (no frost). Manual defrost applied in budget models. Such refrigerators are turned off on their own and waiting for the other and the ice do not melt.

In accordance with the quality of thermal insulation on the door of the freezer, the procedure is carried out with periodicity of several weeks or once a year.

The NO Frost system is based on the circulation of cold air streams by means of a fan, which is located in the rear of the aggregate. In special compartments, beyond the freezing of the freezer, they accumulate. The fan turns on after a certain time and the animals turn into water. The resulting water accumulates in a special pallet and evaporates.

Such aggregates have one disadvantage: the dehydration of products comes faster. Because of this, you need to adhere to special requirements for their packaging.

In addition to aggregates with manual defrost and no frost, there are modern devices with a drip defrosting system. The principle of operation is based in the formation of ice on the evaporator (cooling part of the refrigeration compartment) when the compressor is running.

With the automatic shutdown of the compressor, after certain intervals, the ice starts to melt. The water that appears flows into the reservoir and evaporates from the heat of the compressor. Compared to NO Frost, a drip system without a fan, so the system is less noisy. In the drip system, the humidity of the refrigeration compartment is higher, which is why the food dehydration is slower.

Mode "Vacation"

Before activating an economical mode, remove all products that are prohibited for a long time to store at a temperature of more than 15 degrees. Mode of maximum savings involves the operation of the refrigerator at this temperature for the storage of canned food, drugs and other products.

Energy consumption is reduced more than 30%, which allows you to save when there is no one at home for a long time.

Maximum cooling mode (super coolness)

Super cooling is a special mode of operation of the freezer and refrigeration compartment when the maximum cooling is made. This is ensured by non-stop compressors when the control system stops only to eliminate equipment breakdowns.

Super cooling mode is required for a hot period when the air temperature rises to maximum indicators. The option is necessary for quick cooling or freezing products.

"Shabbat" mode

This specialized mode, when turned on, the internal illumination of the open door, the ice generator, temperature indicator, sound and light signals, etc. turns off.

Cold water supply system

In accordance with the type of equipment, water comes from a water supply system or a special capacity, which periodically must be filled. Cold water is obtained without opening the door thanks to a special design, similar to a machine for carbonated water.

The option eliminates unnecessary receipt warm air Inside the refrigeration department and premature loss of product quality. In some models, ice generator is combined with cold water supply.

Superzarozka

Superdress is a short-term freezing function, which is used for rapid cooling of fresh food. During the activation of the mode, the temperature of the freezer decreases to -24 degrees.

But the technique should not work for a long time in this mode, since due to the high loads on the compressor, the performance may decrease.

Temoregulator

A mechanical thermostat is a device with a built-in bellows and an electromechanical control, it adjusts the temperature temperature on the basis of the evaporator temperature.

The bellows trigger sensitive to temperature changes is attached to the coldest sector of the evaporator. The electromechanical thermostat has increased inertia and temperature regulatory range.

The electronic thermostat is equipped with an electronic temperature sensor and electromechanical control. The sensor has no mechanical connection with the regulator, so it responds to a change in temperature in the chambers.

How to choose

For a family of 2-3 people comfortably use a two-chamber refrigerator with compressor cooling and moderate consumption of electricity.

For overall premises, large models are suitable and, on the contrary, in the kitchen of small sizes, purchase compact models. For those who want to purchase high-quality equipment with a large space, you should stop the choice on the side-by-side, that is, wide cabinets with vertical division of cameras and a pair of side doors. Models are suitable for use of large families.

The cost limiting factor for the acquisition of better products. Therefore, it should be known that the price depends on the volume, the number of cameras, the parameters of the departments, the presence of additional features and technological characteristics. Additional criteria that affect the rates include: the number of compressors, the manufacturer and the energy consumption class.

Be sure to check the quality of plastic in the interior decoration, the material contacts food, the unpleasant smell of plastics will spoil products.

Choosing a refrigerator, pay attention to the presence of sound and light alarm. The signal is triggered with the left door left and turn off the energy.

Exploitation

To extend the service life, experts recommend adhere to the basic rules:

• after each opening, close the door tightly. According to the specialists of repair companies, frequent cause breakdowns becomes a careless appeal and open doors refrigerator, which is why the compressor work is enhanced, which seeks to normalize the temperature;
• it should be identified in a timely manner or disruption, do not wait for the final breakdown to appeal to the service personnel;
• try not to load the cooling and freezing compartment, since with excessive content of products, the equipment is difficult to cope with freezing and cooling, which will lead to a rapid wear of the cooling mechanisms;
• the device without an automatic defrost system should be manually defrosting every few months of operation.

Cooled facilities, or refrigerators, are industrial specially equipped buildings with a refrigeration compressor installation that provides in them with a temperature and humidity regime corresponding to the technological standards for storing or producing food products.

The refrigerators maintain a reduced air temperature (from +4 to -30 ° C) and increased relative humidity (80 - 95%). To create and maintain such parameters, they are built without windows, they have a powerful thermal insulation of the roof, outdoor and internal fences, doors, equipped with equipment for cooling rooms and devices to prevent ground freezing at the base of the building.

Classification of refrigerators for its intended purpose.For the purpose, the following types of refrigerators are distinguished: stockpiling, industrial, distribution, basic, for storage of vegetables and fruits, food bases, port, transshipment, retailers and public catering enterprises, mixed destination.

Production refrigeratorsconstruct in areas of billets of perishable foods. They are designed for initial refrigeration, short-term storage and preparation of the products of the products to transport on trade enterprises or distribution refrigerators and refrigerators of other types.

Production refrigerators -composite part of food enterprises (meat processing plants, fish farmers, canned, dairy plants, etc.). They make cooling technological processes of production. They are used for cooling, freezing and storing raw materials and finished products.

Distribution refrigeratorsdesigned to create and storing reserve, seasonal, current and insurance reserves of perishable raw materials and finished products that ensure the rhythm of the production of food industries and uniform supply of food products during the year.

Distribution refrigerators can be universal or specialized depending on the nomenclature of the persistent goods. In the composition of distribution refrigerators, especially with a capacity of 7,000 to 20,000 tons, can be included in the production of ice cream or rapid frozen food (berries, etc.), dry and water ice, oil packing, the manufacture of semi-finished products. Such refrigerators are called cold windows.

Base refrigeratorsdesigned for long-term storage of reserves of perishable products (state survey). These refrigerators are constructed in places that are removed from settlements and securely protected.

Refrigerators for storage of vegetables and fruitsmay be independent enterprises or to enter into fruit and vegetable and food bases. They are located in rural areas, playing the role of procurement, or in places of consumption (in cities, villages).

Food Base Refrigeratorsdesigned to serve a trading network of small cities. They enter food products with industrial and distribution refrigerators.

Port refrigeratorsuse for storing foods transported by water transport. They are transshipment of food products from the refrigerator vessels on the railway and automobile transport Conversely, therefore they are related to the group of freight forwarding.

Transfer refrigeratorsdesigned for short-term storage of goods when transmitting them from one type of transport to another, for example, from the railway on the road and vice versa.

Refrigerators of retailers and catering enterprisesdesigned to store stocks of products that are implemented by enterprises within a few days.

Mixed refrigeratorsperform several functions. For example, industrial and port refrigerators in large cities can simultaneously perform distribution functions. And port refrigerators in fish ports can perform the role of production refrigerators of fish farmers.

Classification of refrigerators for trucks.For trucks, refrigerators are divided into small (up to 100 tons), small (up to 300 tons), medium (up to 500 tons), large (up to 10,000 tons) and super-broom (over 10,000 tons).

Surgical refrigerator (capacity) of refrigerators expressed in conventional cargo tons. For the conditioned cargo, meat takes meat in half carcasses, having a volumetric mass of 0.35 t / m 3 when laying on the floor to the floor or when it is placed on the suspended ways, the load of 0.25 tons per 1 m (excluding distribution paths and arrows). Depending on the nature of the goods, its packaging and laying, the calculated volume weight of the cargo may be greater or less specified. The conditioned cargo capacity of the refrigerator is determined by the formula

E X \u003d E K.O + E K.Z + E KP,

where E K.O.and E K.Z. - conditioned cargo capacity of all storage chambers, respectively, cooled and frozen goods, T; E KP -conditional cargo capacity of all chilled meat storage chambers equipped with suspended paths, t;

E K.O.= 0,35 V G.O.; E K.Z. = 0,35 V G.Z; E KP\u003d 0.25L,

where V G.O., V G.Z. - cargo volume of chambers of storage, respectively, cooled and frozen cargo, M 3; L -cargo length of hanging paths, m.

Conditional cargo capacity can be translated into the actual (for specific cargo) by dividing the coefficient of recalculation. Thus, the coefficient of recalculation, for example, for eggs in cardboard boxes is taken equal to 1.35, for creamy oil in cardboard boxes - 0.44.

When determining the refrigerator trucks, cooling and freezing cameras, cooled rooms, not intended for storage of products (expeditions, storage chambers, boot and unloading rooms, recesses), as well as uncooled rooms (utility rooms, corridors, lobby, elevator mines and staircases ).

Cooled construction volume of the refrigerator chamber, M 3, are determined by the formula

V c \u003d fh,

where F -floor area chamber, m 2; N -height height from floor to ceiling, m.

Cargo volume chamber V gless construction:

V r \u003d f g H g< V c ,

where F G -floor area of \u200b\u200bthe chamber, on which the load is laid, m 2; N G. - thermal height of the room, m;

F g \u003d f - σ f,

where Σ F. - the total floor area engaged in columns, passages and drives, refrigeration equipment, m 2;

H \u003d H - H,

where h.- distance from the top of the stack to the ceiling or beams, cooling devices and air channels (0.2 - 0.3 m).

Distribution refrigerators are installed on the basis of annual cargo turnover. In our country, distribution refrigerators are calculated on the multiplicity of freight turnover of 4 -6 per year.

On the refrigerator of meat processing plants, the capacity for storing frozen meat should correspond to 40 -60-replaceable production of the plant for the production of meat, and chilled meat storage cameras are a two-day production stock. Truckability of the refrigerator with a city dairy plant is taken equal to 10-15-replaceable production volumes to be stored.

Refrigerators by cargo capacity up to 700 T refer to the I class, over 700 tons of the Quality Condition of the Capitalization of the building with a service life of 50-00 years, from 250 to 700 T - to the III class with a service life of 25-50 years, less than 250 T - to IV Class with a service life of 5 - 25 years.

The main supporting structures of buildings II and III classes are performed from reinforced concrete or steel.

Refrigerator buildings - single-storey and multi-storey; Sometimes they are satisfied with the basement floor.

In one-storey refrigerators, where there is no need for a floor vertical movement of goods, the possibility of increasing the spans of the supporting structures of the building up to 24 - 30 m (compared to the columns 6 × 6 m in multi-storey refrigerators), in two or three times the useful load on the floors due to them Locations on the ground, which allows you to store cargo to a large height (10 - 20 m). However, single-storey refrigerators are distinguished by elevated compared to multi-storey heat flow through external fences (by 20 - 40%), especially through the roof, the surface of which can be up to 70% of the entire surface of their external fences.

For multi-storey refrigerators, the question of the protection of the soil at the base of the building from freezing is easier. They occupy a smaller area, heat-engineers through the roof in the general balance of heat gain in them are less than in single-storey.

The volume and planning solution and the number of refrigeration cameras of a particular purpose (the structure of the category) should allow the advanced technology of refrigerating processing and storage of food products, organize rational cargo traffic in the building, to achieve a high level of mechanization of loading and unloading and transport and warehouse works, minimum heat flow and Curlerance cold.

In Russia, refrigerators by cargo capacity over 4000 tons are equipped mainly by chambers of the soaring capacity of more than 400 tons (over 90%). Trucking chambers of storing frozen products (-20 ° C) distribution refrigerators is 50 - 70%, chilled products (+4 ...- 3 ° C) - 20 - 35%, universal (0 ...- 20 ° C ) - 10-15%, freezing chambers (-30 ° C) - 0.5-1%. The dimensions of the chambers are different. For example, in single-storey refrigerators for storing frozen foods, there are 300 - 600 m 2, and the chambers for storing chilled products are up to 300 m 2. In multi-storey refrigerators, the area of \u200b\u200bchambers is greater - to 1000 m 2.

The chambers with the same temperature regime form blocks (compartments) horizontally (on floors) and vertical (in the building). The basement has a temperature chamber not lower than -3 0 C so that the soil is not free under the floor.

Multi-storey refrigerators are built up to 40 m wide, single-storey - 24 - 72 m. The length of the refrigerator is determined mainly by the front of the loading and unloading work, i.e. Length of railway and automotive platforms, which depends on the capacity of the refrigerator and cargo turnover. For refrigerators with a capacity of over 3000 tons, the length of the railway platform must be at least 120 m, i.e. Sufficient to unload the 5-wagon refrigerated section.

To cool meat, up to 3 cameras are used, for freezing - 5 - 7, for storing chilled meat - 1 - 2 (with an area of \u200b\u200b200 - 300 m 2), frozen meat - 3 - 4 (with an area of \u200b\u200b300 - 1000 m 2). Depending on the need for refrigeration and storage, universal chambers are used (from 1 to 3).

With the statement in our country of market relations, the conditions for the work of refrigeration enterprises were changed, primarily distribution refrigerators designed and constructed during the planning and distribution and distribution economy and intended for one-time long-term storage of food products in large quantities.

Due to the growth of cargo turnover caused by a reduction in the timing of storage of goods, neulty by their arrival, small batches of cargo, the use of existing refrigerator containers does not exceed 25 - 35%, while it used to reach up to 100%. There was a need for chambers of a small capacity that could rent minor trading firms. We need redevelopment of existing refrigeration cameras, which will increase the degree of loading of refrigerators, reduce the cost of cargo turnover, increase profits.

The creation of refrigeration chambers with a capacity of 100 tons based on the refrigeration capacity of the available distribution refrigerators allows you to increase the amount of cooled volumes and the efficiency of their use.

In fig. 14 shows the scheme of the restructured refrigeration chamber.

Fig. 14. Restructed refrigerator:

1 - thermal insulation fence; 2, 9 - side fences; 3 - air cooler;

4 - mobile partition; 5-used batteries; 6- monorail paths;

7 - doors; 8 - elastic material seal; 10 - Autonomous compartments

When creating new refrigerators, it is rationally to combine them in the form of modules of various cargo works, adapted both for the consideration of goods and their storage.

As an example in Fig. 15 shows the layout of the refrigeration chamber module for cooling, freezing and storing semi-sufficient with a capacity of 6 tons / day of copperprocessing and 80 tons of storage.

Such modules can be used on existing production and distribution refrigerators when entering small meat batches for cooling and freezing carcasses and subsequent storage in refrigerators, as well as for storage of meat at small implementation periods. These modules can be installed on remote territories where transport communications are not developed to provide the local population.

Here specifications refrigeration modules by freezing 1; 3 and 6 tons of meat per day (Table 1).

Unlike existing refrigerators, which are made from the prefabricated reinforced concrete structures With multilayer enclosing walls of brick or reinforced concrete panels with thermal insulation, the module frame is made of metal frames, profile iron and pipe racks, and the walls are from the heat-insulated polyurethane foam panels of the Sandwich type. This design allows you to transport a module unassembled by rail and road transport.

Cooling provide 4. refrigerators With air cooled capacitors, allowing to adjust, temperature by disconnecting individual units depending on camera load and outdoor temperature. Maximum power consumption at a temperature in chambers -3 ° C 1.2 kW.

The combination of refrigeration plants providing conditions for continuous refrigeration and on the way from their billets to consumption places is called a refrigeration chain. The refrigerant chain is composed of links, the combination of which may be different depending on the type of raw materials. Separate chains links: for product processing and storage at a production plant or plantation; for local and long-distance transport; Refrigerators for various purposes, including commercial refrigeration equipment and.

Usually refrigerator - This is an industrial enterprise (or its workshop), in the premises of which, with the help of a refrigeration unit, support certain modes necessary for processing and storing perishable products. The refrigerator consists of a technological building and a compressor workshop with a hardware branch attached to it.

Refrigerators are classified depending on the purpose, the type of stored products, capacity and floors. Depending on the purpose, the refrigerators are divided into the following main: procurement, industrial, transport and expeditionary, distribution, transshipment, trade and household. In addition, refrigerators are divided into stationary and transport. Refrigerator is divided into rail, sea, river and automotive.

Production refrigerators Designed for product workpiece in rural areas or directly on plantations. They have refrigeration low power refrigeration; Capacity of storage chambers in such refrigerators is less than the capacity of the chambers. Pre-cooling stations are also attributed to the prior cooling stations.

Production refrigerators Are part of the food enterprises: meat and poultry plants, dairy and canning combines. Almost all produced products are refrigerated, so production refrigerators Tools with powerful cooling and freezing devices.

Transport and Expedition Refrigerators Provide cargo operations on railway, water and airlines.

Distributive (multipurpose, basic) refrigerators Designed for uniform provision of cities and industrial centers with seasonal food products throughout the year, as well as to create a backup stock of products. These refrigerators are characterized by a large capacity of storage chambers and low productivity of cooling and freezing devices. In the event that the distribution refrigerators have production shops (oil packaging, solid carbon dioxide, semi-finished products, culinary), such companies are called cold stamps.

Transfer refrigerators Designed for temporary storage of products when transmitting them from one level of the refrigeration chain to another. For these refrigerators, a big front of freight work is characteristic. For external freight operations with two longitudinal sides of the refrigerator, special freight platforms are arranged for automotive and rail transport.

Commercial uses for short-term storage of products in the trading network, restaurants, dining rooms (). These refrigerators are low capacity. The water chamber is allowed to store products of several different types.

Household refrigerators Serve for short-term storage of products at home and for the production of small amount of ice. They are the last link in a continuous refrigeration chain. The given classification of refrigerators is conditional. Depending on the assortment of stored goods, universal and specialized refrigerators are distinguished.

In universal refrigerators Store mixed loads (meat, fish, fruit, canned food, etc.), in specialized-one-ways. Depending on the capacity, refrigerators are conditionally classified on large, medium and small. Large refrigerators have a capacity of over 3000 tons (it includes universal, distribution, specialized refrigerators). The quality of medium-sized refrigerators is from 1000 to 3000 tons (they can be universal or specialized). The capacity of small refrigerators does not exceed 1000 tons. Depending on the flood, there are distinguished one-storey and multi-storey refrigerators.

By design, refrigerators are referred to industrial buildings. The characteristic feature of them is that low temperatures are maintained in the chambers with high. The change in temperature and relative causes a gradual weakening of the structure of building and insulating materials. Materials for refrigerator designs are chosen taking into account the capital gains. The capital capital capital is divided into four classes: the class I includes buildings with a service life of more than 100 years, KI class - from 50 to 100 years, to the III class - from 25 to 50 years, to the IV class - from 5 to 25 years.

The class of capital is taken depending on the capacity of the refrigerator. Refrigerators with a capacity of 701 tons and more refer to the second class, from 250 to 700 tons to the III class, up to 250 tons to the IV class. With the capital capacity of refrigerators, corresponding to II and III classes, frame structures Perform concrete concrete.